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M2-1S1S
History lecturer documents
war’s effect on the home front
By Sandy Johnstone
04 tha Emerald
“Much of the change in
American society is rooted in
the impact of war,' said history
professor Allan Winkler
“America is left very different
today than before the wars
Winkler traced the history of
20th century wars Thursday for
about 50 people in a speech at
the Eugene Conference Center
All of these wars brought a
fundamental long-lasting
change,'' he said
In World War I there was an
initial "feeling of hope and
optimism that we could bail-out
Europe," Winkler said The op
timism was best reinforced by
prominent people who agreed
war would "forge national uni
ty." he said
While there was also sub
Page 6
stantial opposition from the
start, most people were
persuaded by the war ideal
promoted by war songs and
government propaganda, said
Winkler
But national unity also led to
actions limiting free speech
such as the Alien and Sedition
Act and jailing Eugene Debs for
making making an anti-war
speech
World War I also brought a
major economic mobilization
and organization which then
increased with each sub
sequent war, he said
"In the aftermath, people
began to be discontented with
what they'd done and began to
ask if the war was worth it," he
said This led to the neutrality
acts of 1935, 1936 and 1937
Then came World War II
"World War II was very much
like the dinosaur — it was the
ultimate development of that
particular type of species,” said
Winkler.
The war managed to get the
country out of its economic
slump through benefits to busi
ness which led to full em
ployment, he said, but at the
same time imprisoned the
Japanese — "the worst single
violation of civil liberties in his
tory."
Blacks also suffered dis
crimination throughout the war
They weren’t allowed to join the
Marines or Air Force and were
segregated in the Army, he said
The Red Cross kept blood from
black donors separate from
other donors, he noted.
‘ But the war unified the
country again,” Winkler said It
also brought about greater or
ganization in the federal
government, brought the dis
content of blacks to the fore
front and put women to work (as
much as 36 percent of the
domestic labor force)
Then the Korean police ac
tion” brought frustration to the
American public because they
had to deal with the nuclear
threat, said Winkler
"There was a real frustration
in the Korean War because it
was a limited war
War is by nature not only
affecting the soldier and di
plomats, but also the home
front,” he said We are left with
the growing complexity of war "
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Friday, November 19, 1982 '