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Anorexia Nervosa
Ashamed about a desire for food
Linaa looks like a typical college woms*
although her friends worry that she is too thin
She doesn t eat every day but when she does gr
down to the dorm cafeteria alone for breaMas?
she eats a dozen eggs and a loaf of bread SN
knows she won t gam weight because tmme
diately after eating she rushes to the bathroo1"
nght ouside the dining room and vomits
Linda s problem ts more than a diet gone ou
of control — she has anorexia nervosa Victim:
voluntarily starve themselves to boney emaciatior
— and sometimes to death Mortality rates rur
between 5 and 15 percent of the recognize;
cases of anorexia says Dr Josephine von Hippe
a Eugene psychiatrist
Anorexia nervosa nervous loss o
appetite is not an entirely accurate term Victim!
of the disease are usually ravenously hungry anc
obsessed with food although they will say the)
are not hungry and will eat only a tiny amount
One anorexic angrily refuted the charge that sh«
didn't have breakfast "I ate my Cheerio sh<
insisted
Some anorexics don't starve themselves bu
instead vomit after eating normal amounts o
food von Hippel says Sometimes anorexics can
control their overpowering appetite and will ea
an enormous quantity of food Then they wil
empty themselves of the hateful food by vomitinc
or using laxatives
The opposite effect is found in Bulimia or
insatiable appetite " Bulimarexia is what some
experts call a combination of bulimia and
anorexia The binge-purge behavior is harder to
detect because the person keeps the eat-vomit
ritual private and often maintains a normal weight
Both anorexics and bulimics want to remain
thin and maintain control over their intake of food
They are ashamed about their desire for food
says von Hippel "They feel guilty about eating
then they feel guilty about throwing up
About 95 percent of all anorexics are women
usually between 12-18 years old Experts estimate
- *• woman out of 100 will suffer from some eating
diso'de' during her life Now reaching epidemic
proportions anorexia prevails among the middle
-<C>per classes of developed countries, says von
Htppe
Christine 18 years old, became anorexic
*'■' •* s*ay at college She had always been the
mode ch d seemingly normal, happy, and
• we adjusted Once in college, Christine studied
' omputs-veiy satisfied with nothing but the best
grades He' weight dropped from 120 lbs to 110
bs r her first term at school When she weighed
4 pounds college officials insisted on treatment
Dr H Ida Bruch, author of "The Golden
Cage and Eating Disorders,' describes Chris
i * ne s case as being fairly typical Bruch's
explanation focuses on the "model child' aspect
i developed in one of her books Anorexics strive to
be perfect on the outside Lurking beneath their
‘ awiess surface is a terrible insecurity and fear of
not meeting everyone s expectations
The anorexic has always been accomoda
ting tor someone else,” von Hippel says “They’ve
[ grown up doing things not for themselves, but for
i other people They do what others tell them to —
[ first their parents, then teachers, then their
spouses boss and children They don't know
what they want for themselves
Von Hippel lists three major precipitating
‘actors Separation from home, such as going
away to college takes anorexics away from their
support group the family Change hits them
particularly hard often anorexics can't adapt to
the new life While they may do well in a competi
tive atmosphere they feel insecure about the
competition
Anorexics have a difficult time making deci
sions and can't say no von Hippel says This
makes sexual pressure, in a permissive envi
ronment like college a dilemma Anorexics don't
have a lot of energy, she says, and just lose sexual
interest Losing weight, becoming more child-like
and avoiding sexual activity are ways of escaping
the responsibility of maturing into adulthood.
some experts say
Family conflict may also aggravate anorexic
or bulimic behavior Anorexics often come from
rigid and unemotional families, with parents who
don't communicate their feelings very well A
child may turn to anorexia in order to gam her
parents' attention and divert them from fighting
with each other
The bottom line is control Anorexics focus
on food by denying their hunger, says Sue Balint.
coordinator of an eating disorders group in
Eugene
Anorexia is their strength, the one thing they
can do better than anyone, Balint says Through
their disease they have the strength and motiva
tion to avoid eating
Rather than spending time discussing symp
toms, Balint's support group looks at the
underlying causes for group members' eating
disorders They discuss options for control that
are not so life threatening, Balint says such as
saying no by using voice instead of behavior
The group focuses on seeking a solution
' It's not necessary to badmouth anyone,”
Balint says "Anorexia and bulimia are adjectives
That means they can be chopped off Behavior
can change ”
The group is certified by Anorexia Nervosa
and Associated Disorders and by the American
Anorexia Nervosa Association, Balint says It
meets once every week for eight weeks The
group's local phone number is 344-4139
Bulimarexia is a problem in University dorms,
dietician Jan Huffman says She says that several
housekeepers and resident assistants noticed
signs of vomiting this summer Carson
housekeeper Marie Chenowith became alerted to
the problem after seeing a television movie last
spring about anorexia Chenowith says she isn't
complaining about cleaning up the mess, but is
concerned about the students' health
"One day I approached a girl who lived on a
floor with beautiful girls and several models,"
Chenowith says "I thought the reason (she was
throwing up) was to be "in' with them, not to be
fat Evidently, I must have talked to the right girl
and she quit, or else she found another bathroom
to use "
Anorexics and bulimics share several
characteristics Balint says their symptoms are
excessive dieting, drastic weight loss,
sleeplessness, extreme perfectionism, denial of
hunger, and stubborn refusal to see themselves
as thin
Anorexia athletica" could be an alternative
title for the disorder
"Certain subcultures — gymnists, ballet
dancers and long distance runners — find that
they have to maintain a certain body image." says
Dr Steven Roy, Center for Sportsmedicme and
Running Injuries in Eugene People who have
dificulty in looking a certain way may find that they
have to develop an aversion for food
Von Hippel says anorexics and bulimics are
extremists "You're either thin or fat There s no
in-between They think one bite is going to blow
them up to 300 pounds
Anorexia is not a biological problem, even
though certain chemical changes may occur in
the body due to starvation von Hippel says.
Treatment is more effective when behavior is
caught in the early stages The longer the
behavior has been going on, the longer it takes to
cure she says She estimates that one-third to
one-half of all untreated anorexics and bulimics
retain the symptoms throughout their life
There is no time to fool around and think it
will go away,' Bruch warns
One of the unusual aspects of the disease is a
distorted perception of self Anorexics see
themselves as being undesireably fat although
they resemble walking skeltons to onlookers
Friends of suspected anorexics or bulimics can
help by confronting the victim with concern and
worry over their health Anorexics rarely see
themselves as sick and usually will not seek
treatment themselves
Concerned friends or relatives should seek
medical assistance in advanced cases, and psy
chiatric help is recommended Anorexia nervosa
is more complicated - and more serious - than just
being skinny.
Story by Carol Morton
Photo by David Corey