Ex-prisoner calls for Western pressure
By JANE DE ViRGILIO
Ol the Emerald
After 60 years of government
suppression and strong anti-Semitism,
most Soviet Jews have lost belief in
their heritage and their faith, a Soviet
dissident said Friday.
Since chances of immigration are
impossible, Soviet Jews are "caught in
a high-pressure trap,” where they must
conform to survive, Edward Kuznetsov
said.
Kuznetsov s University talk on the
plight of Jews in the Soviet Union was
part of a one-week tour of the United
States
A citizen of Israel, Kuznetsov was one
of five immigrants who were swapped
in 1979 by former Pres. Carter for a
defense computer and two Soviets
convicted of spying in the United
States.
A registered Jew and student pro
testor, he was sentenced to 15 years in
Soviet labor camps in the first Lenin
grad Trial for attempting to steal a
Soviet plane and immigrate to Israel.
Kuznetsov served nine years before
his release. During his captivity, he
carried on a hunger strike for 47 days to
protest his treatment and denial of visits
by his wife.
Kuznetsov said he believes pressure
from the West can help he Soviet Jews
and affect Soviet government policy.
"The strength of the Soviet Union is a
consequence of the West’s weakness.
Moscow understands only strong posi
tions. If they get strong reactions from
this administration, they'll be cautious.
“If relations deteriorate and attempts
at detente stop, they will use this un
friendly situation as a political oppor
tunity to aggress. Every religion is
persecuted, but Jews are foremost,”
Kuznetsov said.
Americans can unite and participate
in campaigns to understand the situa
tion in the Soviet Union, he said.
“Demonstrate and put pressure on
your government and on businesses
which carry on relations with the
U S S R, without preconditions and
enjoy huge profits,” he said
Unfortunately, Kuznetsov said, the
number of dissenters in the Soviet
Union is diminshing because
repression is on the increase.
"There are now maybe two or three
thousand, no more,” he said.
There is a ‘ constant tension and
pressure” on the Soviet people,
Kuznetsov said, because "they have no
rights."
"Sixteen years is a big chunk of life to
spend in prison, but there are others
who would gladly do it to be released
from the country.”
The Soviet Union would "give in on
immigration for more economic aid
from the West” Kuznetsov said, but
“their grain supply is in direct linkage
with the abundance of their military
weapons.”
In this light, Brezhnev's proposal for
renewed talks with the United States in
his Feb. 23 speech to the Communist
Party Congress is just a “tactics step,”
according to Kuznetzov.
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Ocean treaty could establish sea laws
By TOM VISOKY
Ol the Emerald
Who owns the ocean’s
resources? And how should
those resources be distributed
among the world’s nations?
These questions, and dozens
like them, may be answered this
year if the Law qf the Sea Treaty
is signed, Jim Blew of the United
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audience in the Ocean Sympo
sium last week.
The treaty, which contains
302 articles and nine annexes,
"covers the entire scope of
ocean law,’’ Blew said.
When the 10th Session of the
Third Conference on the Law of
the Sea convenes next week,
delegates from more than 150
nations will try to complete the
treaty that has undergone 20
years of negotiation.
Blew said it should be signed
to prevent a pell-mell grabbing
of the oceans by resource
hungry nations. He hailed the
treaty as a welcome
replacement for the mixture of
principles governing the
ocean’s use during the last 400
years.
A country’s territorial sea limit
used to be determined by the
range of its guns, but the advent
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changed things, he said.
Under the treaty’s provisions,
coastal nations would hold
sovereignty over a 12-mile terri
torial zone, and they would have
exclusive rights to develop
energy, mineral and fish
resources inside a 200-mile
“Exclusive Economic Zone.”
The waters outside the Exclu
sive Economic Zone would fall
under the jurisdiction of The
International Seabed Authority.
Representatives from various
developed and underdeveloped
nations would sit on the board
of the ISA and would manage
the resources in the Interna
tional Zone as the “common
heritage of mankind."
But, Blew said the actions of
the delegates and special
interest groups at the confer
ence don't always jibe with their
idealistic rhetoric.
“All of the nations at the
conference are acting in their
own self-interest,” he said. “It's
not a question of altruism, it’s
strictly politics.”
Blew said the establishment
of the ISA was vigorously op
posed by a number of multi-na
tional corporations that want to
mine the deposits of man
ganese-rich nodules scattered
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have to get a license from the
ISA before they could prospect
for nodules in the International
Zone. They then would have to
divide equally their discoveries
with the ISA.
He likened the process to that
of children splitting a candy bar
— one breaks it, the other gets
first choice of the pieces.
American corporations also
objected to terms of the treaty
that called upon the developed
countries to share their ocean
technology with developing
countries, he said.
"The U S. companies believe
we are selling out by giving
away our technology.”
But Blew said corporate
efforts to torpedo the treaty
were stopped by the Pentagon.
There, planners strongly sup
port the treaty because it
provides for the unhindered
passage of warships and
submarines through interna
tional straits, he said.
The United States would
benefit most from the treaty,
Blew said.
“We want to have assured
access to mineral and oil
resources.”
Blew said the marine envir
onment would benefit from the
guidelines established in the
treaty.
Those guidelines would
enable the U S. to set shipping
standards, and oil tankers
would no longer be able to avoid
standards by sailing under
"flags of convenience,” he said.
An audience member said
that environmentalists and
Pentagon planners make rather
“strange bedfellows.” Said
Blew: “Five years ago I’d never
thought I'd sleep with a
general."
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