Making a home for wildlife...
Forest service plots land use planning
Editor s Note: This is the fourth
in a five-part series on wildlife and
species extinction. The series is
presented in observance of Earth
Week. Friday's story deals with a
specific instance of the politics of
ecology: sawtimber versus the
northern spotted owl.
By E G. WHITE-SWIFT
Of the Emerald
Consider an acre of wild land.
The acre supports hundreds of
different species of plants and
such small animals as insects,
snails and worms. It also may
support a few birds and small
mammals and, together with sev
eral other acres, a vanety of larger
wildlife forms.
Oregon has 61.6 million acres,
of which some 34.1 million acres
(55 per cent) are managed by
state and federal agencies. The
remaining 45 per cent of Oregon’s
acreage is owned by private par
ties or local governments.
Much of the private lands have
been modified or altered from their
original condition, which was
largely old-growth forests or
climax grasslands. Wayne Davis,
author of "Man's War on Wildlife,”
explains what has occurred on
most of our private lands not used
for domestic or urban centers.
“To optimize food production,"
said Davis, “man clears the land
and plants it in a monoculture —
vast acreages of a single crop
species. Poisonous pesticide
sprays eliminate other plants and
much of the invertebrate animal
life, making the land unsuitable as
habitat for its original fauna.
“To increase harvesting effi
ciency, timberlands are often
dearcut and the land stripped of
all vegetation," he continues. "If
funds are available, the land may
be replanted but to optimize
timber production, replanting is
often confined to a single species
of fast-growing conifer. Thus, a di
versified forest of dozens of
species of trees and plants, includ
ing many of no commercial value,
is replaced by a sylvic monocul
ture. The habrtat of many wildlife
species is destroyed."
Due to the cost of buying land
and paying taxes, it is reasonable
to expect private landowners to
develop each acre. As more pri
vate lands are lost to urbanization
and high intensity resource pro
duction, the pressure to utilize
government managed land in
creases.
“The economics of monocul
ture may be satisfying,” states Mo
Rozee of the University’s en
vironmental study center, "but the
cost to our natural biotic diversity
is devastating. When we think of
Oregon, we visualize all the differ
ent trees, plants, wildlife and land
scape. Without realizing what it is,
we are responding to the natural
diversity which unfortunately is
under incredible pressures to be
come economic monocultures.”
Although public lands generally
are of lower value per acre than
privately owned lands, in the
aggregate they contain enormous
values in essential resources. The
United States Forest Service
(USFS) and the Bureau of Land
Management (BLM) each man
age about 25 per cent of Oregon,
15.4 million acres and 15.7 million
acres respectively. These lands
are important to the future of
Oregon’s economy, timber indus
try, recreation and tourism. These
lands are essential for the survival
of many of our native wildlife,
plants and the ecosystems which
they live in.
Both agencies are currently in
volved in a land-use planning pro
cess that win determine the diver
sity of over 50 per cent of Oregon.
As required by the National En
vironmental Policy Act of 1969,
both agencies are submitting en
vironmental impact statements
covering their proposed actions
"On a forest by forest basis,”
states a forest service official, 'we
issue a draft environmental
statement listing proposed alloca
tions and alternatives, with a de
termination of the impacts of each
action. The alternatives propose a
Drawing by Terry Mcfinde
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spectrum of allocations to timber
production, recreational de
velopment, wilderness study
areas or areas reserved exclu
sively for wildlife management.''
Public hearings are then held in
communities near the forest issu
ing a statement. Comments on the
statements are also requested
from environmental agencies,
conservation organizations, in
dustry representatives and of in
terested individuals around the
state. After the interval for public
input, a final environmental impact
statement is released stating the
preferred alternative of action.
The forest service plans to have
all its land-use proposals finished
within a year and a half. The BLM
is just in the beginning stages of its
land-use planning and does not
expect to be done for several
years.
Locally, the Willamette National
Forest has issued a draft state
ment on its plans for the whole
forest, rather than the individual
districts as is done on some
forests. It plans to issue a final
statement sometime in late sum
mer. The Eugene district office of
the BLM does not foresee issuing
any land-use environmental im
pact statements for several years.
The results erf the land-use pro
cess will determine the allowable
timber cut on federal lands. The
timber industry would like to see
allocations favorable for a higher
annual cut from the forests. They
stress the importance of the
timber reserves on federal lands
to Oregon’s economy.
Retaining the biotic diversity na
tive to Oregon is the concern of
many conservationists. “This land
use process will determine the
amount erf natural areas that we
will have," states Joe Walacki. “Al
locating areas for wilderness
study is to insure that those areas
will offer habitat diversity for plants
and wildlife. The non-wilderness
study areas will most likely be de
veloped for timber utilization or for
high-intensity recreation.
Walacki, the northwest rep
(Continued on Page 12A)
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