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Research
group tries
to produce
cancer cure
A University research group
headed by Lloyd Dolby is trying
to produce a chemical compound
which has been tentatively
identified as a weapon against
leukemia.
Dolby, a professor of chemistry
at the University, has a three
year grant of $71,000 from the
National Cancer Institute to work
on this problem.
He explains that the compound
is an alkaloid found in plum yew
trees, which are native to China
and Japan.
It has passed the initial stages
of testing by the National Cancer
Institute to determine whether it
exhibits biological activity
against leukemia. “It showed
spectacular activity against this
form of cancer in mice,” he
recalls.
But Dolby warns that testing a
compound for potential use in
fighting cancer in humans takes
many years and only a tiny
fraction of these potential
medications pass all the tests.
The problem, he explains, is to
find something that kills cancer
cells, but not other cells.
The National Cancer Institute
has given funding to the
University group and several
other research groups in this
country to try to duplicate the
plum yew alkaloid, because
obtaining this cbmpound in its
natural state is prohibitively
complicated and expensive,
according to Dolby. Hundreds of
pounds of tree material must be
ground and refined just to obtain
a few milligrams of the com
pound, he said.
Typically five to eight man
years of work are necessary to
develop a synthesis of this
complexity, according to Dolby.
His group has worked for two
years already on this alkaloid.
Currently working with Dolby on
this and other projects are
Yasumasa Koyama, visiting
Professor from the University of
Chiba, Japan; graduate students
Carl Skold and William Bryan,
undergraduate David Senkovich
of Eugene, and laboratory
assistant Mark Tuttle.
Dolby explains that chemists
approach this type of problem by
working it backwards. “We look
at the final product, decide what
one chemical reaction can
generate this material from an
immediate precursor, then
repeat this process until we
arrive at the basic building
blocks,” he says.
The average synthesis now
requires 20 or more such
chemical operations, according
to Dolby, who notes that the
probability of each one of them
working is not 100 per cent. “The
difficulty,” he says, “is that if
one step fails, the whole thing
fails.”
Dolby points out that the real
long range value of this type of
project is the improved in
formation and methods in
organic chemistry it produces.