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About Oregon daily emerald. (Eugene, Or.) 1920-2012 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 8, 1934)
Discovery of New Lichens Is Announced F. PN. Sipe Puts Varieties At About 500 M idi' Interest Shown in Collection; Specimens Sent to Experts For Identification Discovery of several new vari eties of lichens among approxi mately 200 that he has collected in this part of Oregon was an nounced here today by Frank P. Sipe, assistant professor of bot any. Sipe is at work on a com plete collection of lichens growing in this area, and he estimates that the varieties will total between 400 and 500. When the collection nears completition he plans to compile a hand book for general use. Work on the collection has al ready aroused wide interest, since in order to identify some of the lichens found Sipe has sent speci mens to experts in Germany, Sweden, Russia and other coun tries. This section of the state is especially rich in varieties, he points out, and is so recognized by many authorities. Varieties Named Two of the new varieties found here were given names by V. Gyelnik, of Budapest, to whom Sipe sent specimens. One of these, found on a board fence near Phil omath, has been called “Mene gazzia Oregana,” while another the Budapest expert named after the finder, “Cladonia Sipeana.” This was found on the Coburg hills near Crawfordsville. Lichens abound on trees, rocks, on soil, and even on buildings and fences, Mr. Sipe points out, and their study in this part of the country is especially fascinating due to the abundance of varieties. Often a dozen or more varieties will appear on a single tree or other object. One of the most interesting things about lichens is that they are combinations of two kinds of plants, an “alga” and a “fungus.” Algae are common and well known, familiar examples being the green scum that collects on ponds, on moist rocks, and fre quently forms a green paint-like film on twigs or tree trunks. Fungi are likewise well known, the cottony, web-like bread mold and mildew being common exam ples. The algae, being green, can manufacture plant food from the carbon dioxide of the air, while the fungus part of the lichen ob tains its food from these algae, and in return furnishes a place for the algae to live, protected from direct contact with the out side air. The two kinds of plants, alga and fungus, live together and in such close association that they make one plant, the lichen. This theory of lichens, Sipe points out, was first brought forth only about 50 years ago, when Schwendener published his first brief on his researches. Previous to that lichens were generally classified with mosses and other plants. Lichens Easily Distributed Because of their efficient means of dispersal and their great re sistance to adverse living condi tions such as dry periods, cold, and sudden changes in tempera ture, lichens are the most widely distributed of plants, Sipe says. They are found in the most north ern regions, near the tops of loft iest mountains and on rocks of al most arid deserts. Lichens are thus often spoken of as “plant pioneers,” because it often hap pens that bare rocky slopes and mountain tops are invaded first by these hardy plants, to be fol lowed by mosses and flowering plants after the lichens have re duced a thin film of the hard rock to soil. "At many places in the Cascade mountains of Oregon and Wash ington one finds masses of hard ened lava, piled high in irregular heaps, as though fX had oozed MCDONALD 12:30 Continuous 11:30 600 Seats 15c • NOW TILL SAT. • WARNER BAXTER Son Joins in Tribute f Joining in popular acclaim rarely accorded any man in American i political history, Elliott Roosevelt led a celebration of Beverly Hills residents in a banquet honoring the birthday of his father, President Roosevelt. Young Roosevelt is pictured above with his wife cutting j the huge birthday cake in honor of his father. They Are Only Salamanders, But They Eat as College Gals By RUTH WEBER Folks who deplore the passing of the old-fashioned pie-eating con ! test can find consolation by visit I ing the research laboratory when it’s meal time for the salaman ders. When earthworms are dropped into their midst, they scramble madly, and handicapped by their short memory, they are soon bit ing one another instead of the i worms. First-rate w r e s 11 i n g I i matches result—every trick known j to the world of Zbyzsco and more | are used to break that “hold.” Of ten several water dogs bite the same worm, and stubbornly hold on, even though there are un claimed worms all around them. Dried salamanders are used for medicinal purposes in many parts of the world, especially in the Or- j ient. Their value there is chiefly 1 forth but a few centuries ago,” Sipe says. “The surface of these hard rocks is covered in many places with crust-like lichens, some a sombre gray, scarcely dis tinguishable from the hardened lava, while some are a rather showy yellow, glowing forth like patches of gold. “Many of the cliffs about Crater Lake have been thus beautified by the lichen artists, and the somber hue of the gray basalt enlivened by flashes of yellow and orange intermixed.” Search Described Sipe describes the search for lichens and their study in a charming manner. “The magic of lichen life can best be observed on days most favorable to their growth,” he says. “Such a day must be one when the very air seems loaded with rain, and this rain falls gently but intermit tently, with periods between when the sun struggles to get through, but never quite succeeds. “On such a day lichen unfolds from a dry mass to a thing of real beauty, like a Japanese magic flower when placed in water. Go ing forth at such a time one will find them everywhere, on the limbs and trunks of trees, on old stumps, rocks, fences, among the grasses on the soil.” Wind Helps Dispersal One striking characteristic of lichens is a method made use of for their distribution. When dry days come the plant becomes a ' brittle and shrivelled mass, easily broken. Fragments that break off and are scattered by winds find new locations. As soon as each fragment becomes moist it may develop into a new plant. In ad dition, many lichens produce small fragments called soredia. during their growth. These soredia often develop in small pustules. Each soredium is very small, consisting of just a few algal cells and a few strands of fungi. They are very 1 light, and may be wafted long dis tances by a faint breeze. Lichens also furnish food for bec; and man. The reindeer “moss-,” which in reality includes several genera of lichens, is the main winter food of the domesti i cated reihdeer. Many an Arctic explorer has saved his life by eat , ing “tripe de roche,” a group of fleshy lichens. Interesting Field Offered "The study of lichens offers an alluring field for the student of nature,” says Sipe. “They are wide-spread, easy to collect and preserve. A little effort would en able one to become familiar with | some of the more common and | conspicuous genera, such as ‘Par !melia,’ 'Peltigera' and ’Cladonia.’” Sipe has written extensively on ! lichens and on other nature sub jects, and his articles have ap peared in national magazines, a well as in periodicals published in I the state. Since 1930 he has been an assistant professor of botam I at the University, and previous tu psychological. Their greatest use to humanity is their martyrdom to science, since many fundamental discoveries in embryology, endoc rinology, and general physiology have been made with amphibian material. They also serve the cause of sci ence here. Because of their trans parent ventral surfaces, they are used by the elementary zoology class for observation of the blood circulation. These salamanders, a genus known as “Triturus,” have been kept at the laboratory for over a year. “If we fed them and took care of them properly,” observed Dr. R. P. Heustis, “they live on and on.” “Why not try it?” the doctor was asked. “Oh,” he replied, “they’d outlive any of us.” that was instructor in botany at Oregon State college. During the summers since 1925 he has served as ecologist in the office of blister rust control, Bureau of Plant In dustry, for the government. Graduate Transferred Gerald J. Meindl, graduate of the University in 1929, has been transferred from the Washington, D. C., office of the war risk insur ance litigation department to the Portland office, where he will as sist the United States district at torney in preparing war risk in surance cases. Meindl was a law student at George Washington uni versity while in the East. “Patronize Emerald advertisers.1 7 Counties in Oregon Show Lower Debts Total Tax Delinquencies Reach Hi"h 31ark Figures Compiled by Bureau of Business Resaareh; Dean Hoyt Comments All but seven counties in Oregon showed an increase in total tax delinquency this year over last year, it was revealed from figures compiled by the bureau of busi ness research at the school of business administration. The seven counties who were fortunate enough to cut down their deficiencies are Coos, Curry, Grant, Lake, Lane, Lincoln, Mal heur, and Marion. Total tax delinquencies for the entire state of Oregon which have been piling up over a long period of years reached a high mark when this year's returns were added. On November 6, 1933, the date on which taxes became de linquent, the aggregate total un paid for the back years from 1-928 to 1933 amounted to $44,771,828.79, owed by the people of Oregon to their governing bodies. The comparable totals for the last five-year period show a sum in excess of $9,000,000 of the pre vious period. Many counties are heavily in debt, having issued warrants on these delinquencies. One county showed a delin quency of 82.23 per cent of the total assessed taxes. The award for the lowest amount of unpaid taxes goes to Multnomah county, which reported a mere 33.92 per cent delinquency. Figures for Lane county reveal 44.74 per cent outstanding unpaid taxes. Every year the comparable to tals show increase over delin quencies of the previous years; for instance there are over two mil lion more delinquencies this year than last. The bureau of business research collects these figures from all the counties, in the state each year. As time goes on the figures will show the trends of tax delinquency and also the effect of tax delin quency legislation. “The recent legislatures have been at their wits’ end trying to do something to tap other sources of revenue so as to relieve the great burden from the shoulders of the property tax payers,’’ com mented Dean H. V. Hoyt on the subject. “One of the measures suggested was to increase the penalties for delinquent taxes and thereby en courage people to pay taxes when due rather than to pay off indebt edness to other sources. The leg islature after considerable delib eration decided upon the sales tax as a means of raising revenue and also offsetting part of the burden of the property owners.’’ [ Unusual'Shot9 of Bridge Pier An unusual architect’s perspective of pier E-l on the east side of Yerba Buena island, where the anchor arm of the world’s third longest 1 cantilever span—the San Francisco-Oakland bay bridge—will take off. Scanning the Cinemas McDonald —“Convention City,” Joan Blondell, Dick Powell, Adolph Menjou, Guy Kibbee. Also “As Husbands Go,” Warner Baxter, Helen Vin son. Colonial—“Private Life of King Henry VIII,” Charles Laugh ton. By J. A. NEWTON Mr. O’Connell, manager of the Mac, is inviting all Univer sity professors and teachers in high schools of Eugene to at tend the Friday night private preview of “Eskimo” at 11:30. Invitations will probably be re ceived today. History Made Painless The Colonial has brought back “King Henry VIII” for a few days in order that the few who have not already seen it may do so. It is the best show the English have sent over in a long time. The sound is clear, an unusual thing for continental films, and the plot is varied enough to keep one’s interest throughout. The big thing is, of course, the characterization of Charles Laughton, who is becoming known as one of the finest actors of the comparatively new medium of the talking picture. He reminds one a great deal of Emil Jannings and is very nearly as polished an artist. The picture begins with the third wife, the opening shots be ing a satirical representation of a combined execution and wedding. It traces Henry's matrimonial ex periments through his old age, dwelling mainly on the clandestine romance of (one of them) Cath erine with a court attache named Culpepper. Rubber Convention “Convention City” is revealed as Atlantic City, none other. This show has lots of speed. In fact it almost leaves one panting. Adolph Menjou, the old slicker, carries on with the ladies as usual. And this picture contains three very interesting “ladies.” Witness: Joan Blondell, chorus girl who flits from one convention to another fleecing the unwary boys. Dick Powell starts as the rubber convention sucker, but Menjou save's him. Mary Astor, a company sales man with a yen for Menjou, who is constantly two-timing his wife. Mary knows it but loves him just the same, and she wins in the end. Patricia Ellis, daughter of the president of the company, whose word carries great weight with papa, hence all the salesmen make a play for her. Plot: Guy ICibbee getting into the web of Joan Blondell. Super fluous wife causes much trouble, and Menjou, trying to save a pal, gets caught in a bad position by “friend” wife. Frank McHugh soused as usual. Speaker Tells Impressions Of Traveling Methods in Europe Vary, Says Miss Starr Dill Pickle Club Gets Hint on How To Economize on Omnibus Fares in England Mias Mary E. Starr, instructor in home economics, spoke to the Dill Pickle club Wednesday noon at the Y.W.C.A. on first impres sions of travel in Europe and Eng land. In England Miss Starr was im pressed by the large red omnibus es which “go very fast.” Her Eng lish companion initiated her into the methods of economizing on omnibus fares. Travel in London is charged for according to the distance one wishes to go. Often the zones come within two or three blocks of one's destination and it is possible to save a penny by walking a short distance. Left-Handed Travel Subway travel in England is called “underground” or "tube.” Traffic is on the left side of the street and an American has diffi culty in teaching himself to look left instead of right. Miss Starr noticed that all the taxis are high and narrow vehicles which resem ble 1915 Fords. ' Another feature of English life which Miss Starr noted was the 4 o’clock cup of tea. Even the poorly-dressed taxi drivers have their tin-cups on the running boards of the cabs at 4 every af ternoon. In Germany Miss Starr found the means of travel which amused her most—suspension railways on tracks overhead. These were not cable cars, but actually ran on elevated tracks. They follow the river course and Miss Starr re marked that they banked at all the curves beautifully. "Viennese King Street In Vienna the street formation is unusual. A boulevard, called Ring street in translation, is built around the site of the old city wall and moat. From this boulevard streets extend to the rapid transit belt which is built around the out side of the city. It is faster to take a car from one side of the city to the point of the belt near est that side, transfer to a rapid transit car, and journey to the other side of the city nearest one’s destination, and again take a street car to the part of the city one wishes to visit, than it is to attempt to cross town by means of street cars alone. The distance travelled is much greater, but the time is shorter. In Venice one may walk all around the city, but the only ve hicles are boats. Gondolas serve the purpose of taxis. Public boats, which stop at docks about two or three blocks apart, take the place of street buses. The grand canal of the traffic system goes through , the city in an “S” formation. Small .?»4, tn.<:-£it & M.«i towccoCo. Emerald Reporters to Meet Friday Afternoon To Hear Beat Changes Emerald reporters will meet in room 104 of the Journalism building Friday afternoon at 4. There will be a change in the beat schedule, and all reporters must be present. . Any students who are not now working on the Emerald and would like an opportunity to report campus news, see Malcolm Bauer in the news room of the Journalism build ing, or call 318. U of O Rif le Team To Hold Five-Way Meet This Week 15 Men Picked From Each School To Compete; Official Will Oversee Firing What a feeling it must be to take part in an athletic contest and yet not be able to watch one’s opponent! One wouldn’t be able to tell whe ther he was ahead or not, whether he should ease up a little or work harder. However, that is the situation that faces the members of the members of the University of Ore gon rifle team this week as they go into action against Western Maryand college, University of Missouri, University of Wyoming, Oklahoma Agricultural and Me chanical college, and North Dakota Agricultural college. For this five-way meet, 15 men have been picked from each school. During the week, at any time they wish, these men may register with their comjnanding officer, go out on the range, and shoot their re quired amount of shots. Once they have fired, there is nothing more to be done about it. At the end of the week the ten highest scores out of the 15 are picked and sent to each of the competing colleges. The college scoring the most points wins the meet. A regular official oversees the firing at each institution to see that it is done according to rules. canals cover the rest of the terri tory and some are only about seven feet wide. The last form of travel men tioned by Miss Starr was a meth od of going up steep hills. Cars with seats on different levels, as in stair steps, serve this purpose. “Patronize Emerald advertisers.” POLO COATS ALL REDUCED to ROCK BOTTOM at DeNeffe’s if. if. if. Our Coats are marked down to an actual replacement basis. Any Coat Purchase Represents A Saving of $10 or More * * * ON SALE $j£.85 to * * * DeNeffe’s INC. MEN’S WEAR McDonald Theater Bldg.