VOLUME XXX
UNIVERSITY OF OREGON, EUGENE, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1929
NUMBER 68
Oregon State
Bests Oregon
In Hoop Record
Beavers Win Thirty-nine
Tilts From Web foots
Since First One in '03
By JOE PIGNEY
“All available dope so far points
toward an Oregon victory.” This
statement from Corvallis indicates
that the Oregon team, even in de
feat, is highly esteemed by the
Beavers. But fear on the part of
the Oregon State team must not be
permitted to distort the real situa
tion. Actually, “all available dope”
points toward an Oregon State vic
tory at Corvallis tomorrow night..
The Beavers undoubtedly set the
strength’ of the Webfoot team on
historical basis. Oregon, too, look
ing at the history of the 1 fteam,
thought that it at least would re
peat the showing of last year. This
time, however, history played false,
and Oregon is not only listed below
Oregon State in the conference
standings, but has lost every confer
ence game this season. What Ore
gon was- “supposed” to do is not a
point in the case, for where the
Webfoots lost the Beavers won.
Speaking historically, Oregon
State has outdistanced Oregon near
ly two to one in the last 20 years
of basketball competition. Accord
ing to Beaver compilations, Oregon
has won 20 games as compared with
40 for the Corvallis team. The
Beaver records, however, show a.
slight si ip of one game.
This game, played in 1019, proba
bly would have gone unnoticed ex
cept for two things. In that, year
Oregon won the Pacific coast con
ference title from California, and
wa- only defeated by Washington
in the north. Henry F. English of
Myrtle Creek, who declares a. sud
den tin epidemic in 1020 saved the
Aggies from four defeats instead of
only two, was the other source of
the reminder.
It was, beyond a doubt, merely an
error in tabulation that credited the
Aggies with a victory over Oregon
in 1910. Verified records show that
Oregon won all four games played
that season. The scores were 21-17,
:i(I li5, 24-17, and 28-23.
* * *
One gam©, however, is lint. a. fly
in the ointment, and, however much
manipulation is effected, the Rea
vers still are way out in front. For
seven gloomy years, 1000 to 1010,
Oregon failed to win a single game.
The first game between the two
schools came very near being one
of those famous basketball shut-out
victories for the Beavers, tor all
the labored efforts of the Oregon
ians in that, game of 1003, the score
was 32 to 2 in favor of the Beaver
five.
Oregon’s first victory came in
1910 when the Webfoots broke even
in a four game series. The Web
foots won two games in both 1014
and 101 o, and then went without
Victory until 1010. No games were
played in 1010.
For three successive years, 1010
k to 1021, the Webfoots made clean
sweeps of the Oregon State series,
partly avenging the numerous de
feats of the past. The Beavers won
in 1022, and the two schools split
the 1023 series. Then Reinhart
came to Oregon.
A new coach and a new system
failed to win for Oregon in 1024,
but. the following year was one of
the most exciting in the history of
Oregon - Oregon State basketball.
This season Oregon State won the
championship of the northern di
vision.
Oregon won the first game of the
tegular schedule, 22 to 19, but the
\ogios came back in the second to
;u to 30. This threw the Bea
vers and the Webfoots into a tie
for the northern title. The play-off
■series for the chance to meet Cali
fornia undoubtedly Vas one of the
closest ever played in the west.
Oregon fought tooth and nail to
get the edge in the first gam* of
the series, but lost by a scant three
points, IT. to 12. The next game
was either do or die, and ttie Web
(Continued on Page Two)
Music Department to
Receive $250 Chech
Doan John J. Landsbnry received
a long distance phone call yesterday
announcing the mailing of a $2.>0
check, payable to the music depart
ment of the University of Oregon,
from Sherman Clay & Co. of Port
land.
This gift is to aid in the publica
tion of an artistic brochure, which
is to be used in advertising the uni
versity school of music, and is ar
expression of good will from tlii
Sherman Clay Co. toward the mush
1 department.
Comedy Form
To Be Idea of
Junior Vodvil
Scenario Writers Should
Hand in Manuscripts
To Hunt hy February 15
Continuity of Action
Essential in Stories
First of Week-end Events
Conies Fate Next Term
The Junior Vodvil, student-writ
ton and student-produced oomodv
prpsontod annually during the
spring form as tl>o first, event, of
Junior Week-end* will be in the
form of a musical comedy this year,
it was decided yesterday at a meet
ing of the Junior Week-end direc
torate.
Junior Vodvil is sometimes pro
duced ns a vaudeville, sometimes as
a revue, and at other times as a
musical comedy. The directorate
decided that a musical comedy with
a continuous plot would be more
effective and would attract more
interest than the other two forms
of entertainment.
The scenario of the Junior Vodvil
is always written by students in
the university, usually with the ad
vice of one or more faculty mem
bers. “Dream Follies,” a revue, was
presented last year, and “Creole
Moon,” a musical comedy of the
New Orleans Mardi Clras, was pro
duced two years ago.
Scenario Due Soon
The scenario for this year’s Vod
vil will be selected from manu
scripts submitted on or before Feb
ruary 15, according to Paul Hunt,
who is in charge of the affair. “The
writers should avoid an excessive
number of characters in their scen
arios,” Hunt said, “and the scenery
required should be as simple as pos
sible, both to cut down expense and
to make it more simple if the show
is taken to Portland. However, the
fact that we have decided on a
musical comedy should not discour
age those who have written manu
scripts for vaudevilles or revues.
We are willing to change, if we
find something else which we are
sure would make a hit.”
The staff which will assist Hunt
in the production of the 1020 Junior
Vodvil will be selected soon. “Those
who are to work under me are to be
chosen solely on the basis of ability,
merit and previous experience,” he
said.
Much Talent Missing
Much of the talent which has per
formed in the Vodvils of the past
three years will be missing from the
comedy this year, but Hunt is con
fident that, there remains plenty
which is yet undiscovered. Madge
Normille, who starred in both “Ore
ole Moon” and “Dream Follies,” will
be available for this year’s produc
tion, as will a number of others who
participated in the Vodvil last year
and two years ago.
Junior Vodvil is the first, and
probably the most important event
of Junior Week-end. It will be
presented on Friday and Saturday
nights, as well as a matinee Satur
day afternoon. It is probable that it
will be produced in Portland as well
as in Eugene, as it was last year.
Billy O’Bryant directed and partici
pated in both “Creole Moon” and
••Dream Follies,” but is not on the
campus this year. Ed Cheney, a
soft shoe dancer, who starred in
“Creole Moon,” later obtained a po
sition as a professional dancer, and
is now working in New York, under
.Tack Donahue, the leading man of
Ziegfeld Follies.
Lutheran Students
Plan Peppy Meeting
Church League Will Give
Program Sunday Night
A poppy nn<l interesting mooting
of tho Lutheran Student club is
promised for Sunday evening when
t lie Luther League of Central Lu
theran church will entertain the stu
dent group in the church parlors
at Sixth and Fearl streets, promises
Norwald- Nelson, president of the
league.
Rev. H. L. Foss of Silverton, will
be here to address the meeting.
Mr. Nelson is being assisted with
the program plans by Agnes Stals
berg, who will handle refreshments,
and Luella Elliott, who directs the
social hour. Miss Elliott is also
planning the musical part of the
program.
A social hour at 5:30 will open
the evening's activities. Refresh
ments and instrumental music are
[scheduled for 6:00. The devotiona
| meeting, with Rev. Foss speaking
[will start at 6:30.
America Too Large for Selection of
Teams, Says Hayward Over KGW
Veteran Olympic Team Coach Tells of Advantages
Europe Had Over United States This Season
By JOE BROWN
Introduced by Jimmy Richardson,
representative of Multnomah Ama
teur Athletic club, :ls one ot' the
greatest track coaches in the world,
and four times an American Olympic
team coach, Bill Hayward discussed
over KtlW, Portland radio station,
last night the Olympic games of last
summer, which were held in Am
sterdam “the city of the living
dead,” as Bill put it.
In an informal and characteris
tically humorous manner, interrupt
ed tit times by questions and friend
ly bv-play from Richardson, Bill
gave reasons for the apparent weak
ness of the American track team.
America took but one race, the
400 meters, won by Ray Barbuti.
“Too much competition on this
side of the water for places on the
team,” said Bill, “is what made our
men stale. The highest point of
condition was reached at Boston.”
In Europe such competition is not
necessarv, he said, because there,
the outstanding athletes can be eas
ily picked without, tryouts. Since
(horo are top times us many athlotos
in Amorioa ils thoro an* in Europe,
Hilt thinks it would In* impractical
to choose im'n for our loams front
past rooords rather than at a big
trvout.
"It would ho like war for the
poaches if wo did that,” ho said,
I chuckling. ‘'It might scorn a little
i unfair, too. Thoro are thousands of
! athlotos staking their young lives
! on a chance at the Olympics.”
The Canadian system, in which
men aro selected a year in advance,
could not very well he used in Amer
ica, either, he said.
"Our system is wrong, hut, unfor
tunately, it seems to he the only
oiie. ”
It wasn’t because Hip American
team was exceptionally weak this
year that it did not show up so well,
however, hut that the Europeans
had become stronger.
"The I lilts team was the best we
have over had,” said Bill. "It you
will notice, whenever an American
(Continued on l'nge Two)
Yearling Players
Will Meet Rooks
First Time Today
Spike Picks 12 for Squad;
Bradley May Bet C’.all
Over Veteran Keenan
Twelve frosh basketball players.
Conch Earl E. (Spike) Leslie, and
Manager Leo Hall will leave Mc
Arthur court at 1 o’clock this utter
noon in a special bus bound for
Corvallis where they will meet the
Aggie rooks in the first conference
game of the season. The game is
scheduled for 4 o’clock.
The players to make the trip are:
forwards, Henry Levoff, Billy Keen
an, Jesse Bradley, and Don Baird;
centers, Don Ragen, Stephen Fletch
er, and- Estill Phipps; guards, Ker
mit Stevens, Vincent Dolp, Paul
Bale, Claude Mahan, and Charles
Teague.
The probable starting lineup will
see Levoff and Bradley at forwards,
Ragen at center, and Stevens and
Dolp at. guards.
The starting of Bradley over
Keenan was not stated as definite
by Spike Leslie after practice last
night, but he does not wish to use
Keenan unless absolutely necessary.
Keenan has played 40 games this
season, with the Checkerboards and
the frosh, and Spike does not want
him to “go stale.”
Bradley has not seen any action
this year even in the practice games,
as he was declared eligible only
within the last few days. In prac
tice he has worked in with the other
players well, though, and Spike be
lieves that the team will not be
weakened with this change.
The freshmen are starting their
schedule late this year, but will see
a great deal of action in the next
ten days. They play the rooks on
Friday and Saturday of both this
week-end and next. The first two
games will be at O. A. C. and the
following two at Oregon. The game
this Saturday night will be a pre
liminary’ to the varsity contest. It
will start at (1:110.
The game tomorrow was originally
scheduled for Eugene, but because
the Tgloo is being decorated for the
Frosh Glee it was changed to Cor
vallis.
James Johnson Will
Address Latin Club
Meeting at Y.W.C.A.
A social meeting of T’i Sigma,
honorary l^atin group, to which all
■Latin students on the campus were
invited, was held last night at 7::>
in the Y. W. 0. A. Bungalow.
A talk by James Johnson, pro
fessor of business administration,
on “Pharmacy and Medical Latin”
furnished the main part of the pro
gram. Edouise Ballis entertained
with a piano selection,
i Refreshments were served later
in the evening.
Total Library Fines
Amount to $1,476.76
Each of the .'1,019 students regis
tered in the university last year
paid 48 cents, eight mills plus, to
the library for fines, if the $1,476.76
collected in 1928, according to the
librarian’s annual report, is equally
divided.
At the rate of two cents a day
each student kept one ordinary oir
culation book or its equivalent over
time for 24 days, 20 hours, and 44
minutes.
Students Throng
To Assembly to
Hear Orchestra
Miss Patterson's Solos on
II a r p Well Received;
Rex Underwood Landed
Students filled file gym of Hie
Woman’s building Thursday morn
ing to hoar the University of Ore
gon orchestra give its first perfor
mance at. an assembly this year. A
selection from “The Tied Mill” by
Victor Herbert, played by the or
chestra, and a bar]) solo by Doris
Helen Patterson, “Aeolian Harp,”
received modi applause.
Saint Saens’ ‘tMan-lie Heroique”
was tlie opening number of the or
chestra. It. was followed bv the se
lection from “Tho Red Mill” by
Victor Herbert. The third number
on the program was a violincello
solo by Miriam Little, “Elegie,” by
Massenet. A special feature of this
was her accompaniment of stringed
instruments by a. group of orchestra
members. The orchestra followed this
with “La Eeria—Suite Espagnole”
by Laconic.
Doris Helen Patterson played a
harp solo, “Aeolian Harp,” by Has
sclmann. Edward Best gave a violin
solo. He was accompanied by Miss
Patterson on the harp, and by Es
telle Johnson, Roma Gross, Martha
Patterson, and Juanita Oskins on
violins. Mendelssohn’s “Overture to
Roy Bats,” by the orchestra was
the concluding number.
Rex Underwood, instructor of
violin in the school of music, is
director of the orchestra.
Moorad Battles Cold
Witli Collegiate Coat
Junior Proxy Resplendent
In Latest Winter Finery
The coonskin coat lias at last in
vaded 1 lio Oregon campus. George
Moorad, junior class proxy, strolled
into the College Side last night all
dolled up in a genuine fur coat (Col
legiate variety), and caused quite
a stir among the eds and co-eds
gathered there for late refreshments.
In spite of many “boos,” George
continued “doin’ the racoon” and
eventually disappeared through the
falling snow, headed in the generfil
direction of his liar (on Alder
street).
However, it is rumored that the
resplendent garment was not the
property of the proud wearer, but
belonged to one of bis obliging
brethren.
Moorad’s dress parade was not
the first known to the campus this
year, however. A cold spell that
visited the city towards the end of
last term called out at least one
of the famous coverings. Johnny
Allen, another junior, sallied forth
enveloped to the ears in a luxurious
wrapping of the same type. IVfhaps
Oregon is finally becoming colleg
iate.
Wesley Club to Hear
Mary Findley Sunday
Miss Mary E. Findley, director ot
the student work at the Methodist
church, will talk to the. Wesley club
the student organization here, or:
the subject, “A Portrait of Jesus,’
Sunday evening at C:J0. Beniti
Padilla, sophomore in pre-law, wit
| preside, and invites everyone in
terested to attend.
Program for
Peace Needed
Says Speaker
War Renunciation Topic
Of Address lo Campus
Club by Dr. C. E. Martin
Kellogg Pact Declared
Only a Step Near Goal
IT. of W. Teacher Cuest of
Dr. Hall While on Visit
T?ntifi«*£ition of the Kellogg peace
pact marks only a step toward the
renuneiatioii of war, and there is
necessary now a positive program of
peace which will realize the purposes
and objects of the anti war treaty,
declared Dr. Charles K. Martin,
dean of the faculty of political
science of tin1 University of Wash
ington, in an address before mem
bers of the International Relations
^Itih and others last night at Alumni
hall.
Dr. Martin, who is regarded as a
leading thinker in international re
lations, emphasized the necessity of
clarifying issues and defining ideas
and policies before an effective
move toward peace can be hoped for.
“No subject is so interesting to
day as the renunciation of war,”
he stated. “The best and worst,
minds of the generations are giving
their attention to it. There is a.
sincere desire to rescue society trom
its former condition of world an
archy, and to escape the enslave
ment of war.
Citizen Bewildered
“But there is also active a sel
fish, a pecuniary, a professional,
and a sentimental interest. The
minister, the peace crusader, the
pacifist, the college professor, the
statesman, the business man, and
the laborer, all have come to the
front as persons speaking with
authority on this question. This is
indeed an achievement, but there is
withal a confusion of ideas, a cross
ing of purposes, and a. lack of un
derstanding, which bewilders the
average citizen seeking a way out.
“There is nothing more unfortu
nate than the rivalry between pro
fessional representatives of compet
ing pence organizations, represent
ing different interests, points of
view', methods, and therefore com
petitors in the business of working
for peace.
War Arguments Listed
“A clarification of issues is neces
sary, and a careful employment of
the thinking process. Let us ex
amine the institution of war, includ
ing the arguments for and against
it, and the methods of its renun
ciation.”
Dr. Martin then touched upon the
arguments for war, including the
conception of war as a spiritual
undertaking, the belief that war has
always been, and therefore always
will be, that war is good business,
that people want war, and that war
must be waged to keep the peace,
lie then outlined the case against
war as a social loss, an economic,
loss, a political loss, an intellectual
loss, and a moral and spiritual loss.
Peace Program Outlined
The program of peace which, ho
says, must be followed to make the
Kellogg pact effective, must include
a divorcement of militarism from j
politics; restoration of diplomacy to
its position as a process of peace,,
not of war; development of a tech
nique which will absorb the will to
fight, meaning a channel of con
troversy by amicable methods; de
velopment of social control in keep
ing with scientific advance; making
war both.illegal and impolitic; codi
fication of international law; con
tinuance of limiting armament by
agreement and attrition; redefini
tion of the rights of neutrals, and
refusal to lose the issue in a battle
between social attitudes.
Speaking of the subject of social
control, which has been thoroughly
studied and quite widely discussed
recently by Dr. Arnold Bennett,
Hall, president of the University of
Oregon, Dr. Martin pointed out that
“the laboratories have outdistanced
the social sciences in point, of dis
covery. Social discovery must dis
place scientific discovery, which
has placed in our hands the instru
ments of our own destruction. The
answer is free thought and social
truth, which is now and always has
been the solvent of despotism and
the stimulus of progress.”
Kellogg Pact Discussed
Outlining the positive advantages
of the Kellogg pact, Dr. Martin]
pointed out that it is so simply i
stated that he who runs may read.
The simplicity of the pact, he said,
“has a tremendous advantage for
the people of the world, who after
all have to fight the wars, pay for'
(Continued on Page Three)
Wesley Club Party
Masquerade Affair
Students Frolic Tonight
At Methodist Church
Methodist students on the rumpus
will don costumes and masks to
night to cavort at a masquerade
party to he given liv the Wesley
cluh, student organization of the
church, at 8 o’clock, at the church
on Willamette street.
Katherine Winchell, in charge of
the event, promises a full program,
including a short play, "Two of a
Kind,” clog dancing by Jessie Win
chell and Mildred Wharton, and
old fashioned dances to be led by
Iietti Ager. Klizabeth dealer will
play for the dances.
Prizes will he given for the best
costumes and for the winners of
other contests.
Under Miss Winchell the follow
ing are working on the party: Helen
Pliancy, invitations; Huey Norton,
decorations; Francos* Richards, re
freshments, and Pauline Lehman,
play. The cast for the [day includes
Robert Jackson, Alice Clink, Wilbur
slobm, Pauline Lehman, and Mahelle
Beak ley.
Henry Norton, president of the
organization, invites all Methodist
students to attend. "Come in cos
tume, and masked,” he says.
Tomorrow Last
Day to Pay Fees
And Avoid Fines
Many to Pay $3 Penalties
As Last Minute Rush
May Swamp Cashiers
Only 0110 whole day anil a half is
loft, in which to nay winter term
fees and that is today and Saturday
morning till 112. Anyone who comes
In pay his fees after the window
loses Saturday morning at 12
i’clock will pay a fine of $d for
I he f irst day late and 25 cents for
very subsequent, day.
It is inevitable that there will
have to be a great number of these
fines, according to* E. • P. by on,
■asliier, for fees have been coming
in “slower than time,” he says. A
■ount, Wednesday night showed that
hardly half the student, body had
paid its fees and few paid Thurs
lav. This leaves a great, many more
•dudents to pay their fees during
the remaining II hours than the
d'fice can possibly handle.
“We will do the best we can to
Handle the last minute rush,” Mr.
Lyons says, “but we can’t do the
impossible. We have warned the
dudents again and again that they
must pay their fees, but fees have
• ome in more slowly than ever be
fore.”
The cashier’s office will be open
today from 8 to 12, and from 1 to 4,
mil Saturday 8 to 12.
Damp Fashion Decries
New Style for Women
Fiiisenible to Typify True
‘Covered Wagon’ Fifteet
The new derby hats, which the
men are sporting, have been quite
noticeable. It is perhaps a, little too
early for milady to come out in her
new designs, blit, don’t worry, Daiue
Fashion has already decided what
is to be the rage.
bast year she decried loud col
ored prints well bedecked with de
signs of geysers and mountains.
This year, the silk print will have
the “Covered Wagon” effect. Per
haps, too, the bravo chief and his
gay war feathers will occupy a
place along with the rest, so as to
make the print dresses an ensemble
typifying a true. Western feature.
Knowing what will be the thing
for this season tho question now is
^vliat to expect for next. Our cur
iosity must wait so .just expect any
thing from your favorite movie star
to a historical event as the favorite
design.
The clothing classes under Miss
Margaret Daigh are planning a
spring fashion show, where the new
est creations will be shown, which
most likely will rival any Fifth
Avenue show.
Ton to Be Initiated
In Legal Fraternity
Ten neophytes of Phi Delta Phi,
honorary legal fraternity, will he
initiated next Sunday afternoon at.
.'1:30, in the circuit court room. The
names of those who will have been
initiated will bo announced next
week.
Judge Skipworth and Judge Pot
ter, prominent alumni of the or
ganization, will attend. Hugh Ros
son, Bernard Gavit, and Carlton E
Spencer, members of the university
faculty, will also be present.
Oregon Movies
'Cine’Experts
W. H. Diet/., P. G. Gerard
Send Letters to Show
Appreeiation of Project
Experienced Directors
Offer to Help Students
Unique Plan Shows Steady
Trend to Completion
Approved
Oregon'a campus movie, tlie first
undertaking of its kind in the north
west, is Irawing wide comment, and
interest from sources far out of the
state. Carvel Nelson, member of
the production staff of the campus
movie, received yesterday two let
ters, one from William 11. Dietz,
director for Pathe, and the other
from Paul Gerard Smith, co-director
and author of the Roster Keaton
comedy, “The General.”
Smith said, “If the picture is
half as good as your football team,
it ought to be a knockout, and I
don’t see any reason why it
shouldn’t he.” 11c congratulated
the Oregonians on their idea and
offered his services. Smith has
written many movie scenarios,
among them being “The Son of the
Sheik.”
Dietz’s letter brought valuable
information on make-up, as well as
the news that he would stop off
here next Thursday on his way
north.
Other notables who are offering
their aid in the presentation of the
campus movie a-re Kay Da Fevre,
president of the Cine club, in Port
land, and'Mr. Philpoe, also of the
Cine club, who will come to Eugene
on week-ends to assist, with the
technical points of the production.
They will be here for the screen
tryouts also.
Interest in this project, is extend
ing, according to the directors, not
only throughout, the campus and
Eugene, but throughout the entire
state. All of this grew from the
spark of an idea which Jim Raley
got. while working together with
Carvel Nelson in the wheat lands of
Umatilla county. It was there they
met. Charles Farrell, movie hero of
“Seventh Heaven” fame, on loca
tion in the Round-up country for
the production of F. W. Murnau’s
“Our Daily Bread.” These two
Oregon students and the moving
picture star, got. to talking of col
lege, and of movies and such things,
and Jim told his idea. The other
two were enthusiastic.
From the time that the idea start
ed till now, when there is a large
staff under the directorship of Nel
son, Raley, and Bea Milligan, with
Ron lltibbs as business manager,
plans have been slowly but surely
formulating. Now it. is promised
that screen tests will commence
within two weeks, and soon after,
in the early spring, actual filming
will begin.
“Things happen every day,” Nel
son said. “We have the help now
of Homer Bernard, on the campus,
who hns worked with the “Col
legians.” Also, our business sta
tionery is on hand, thanks to the
intensive work of Raymond Rogers,
who designed it.”
All those concerned are looking
forward to Dietz’s appearance on
the campus Thursday, Nelson said,
since it will mark with still more
emphasis the definite beginning of
the University of Oregon campus
moving picture!
Amphibians Pledge
Three New Members
Three women sncceedel in passing
the tryouts which Amphibian, wo
men's honorary swimming group,
held Wednesday night. The pledges
are: Fay Helm, Genevieve Helli
well, and Anne Btange. This was
the last Amphibian tryout to be
hold this term.
At I lie next meeting, which is to
be held Tuesday evening after the
basketball game, the members will
pass off their swimming require
ments and practice diving.
University Women
Entertained With Tea
Tea and rakes, music and dancing,
characterized the two hours’ diver
sion for university women at tlie
Women’s league tea yesterday af
ternoon. Cardyn Haberlach enter
tained with selections on the piano,
and Dorothy Tongue played the
violin. Au original clog dance was
given by Marian Camp and Marion
Hubbard. They were accompanied
by Mary Gray.
Eleanor Flanagan was in charge
of the program, and the Alpha Phi’s
were hostesses.