Social Science Solution to Peace Problem
War Not Only Wicked, But Futile, Says Dr. Hall, President I
r of University of Oregon, in Series of Articles
This is the first of at series of six arti-'
' cles written for this paper fey Dr. Arnold
Bennett Hall, president of the University
of Oregon, on the problem of international
. peace. Dr. Hall ■ is an authority in this
• field, and was one of the founders of the
Social Science Research Council of Amer>
' ica.
iBy DR. ARNOLD BENNETT HALL
1 President of the University of Oregoh
I The “war against war” that has
occupied the attention of poets,
philosophers, and humanitarians
i for many genera*
■ tions, and which in
recent years has oc
i copied the energies
of men of practical
; affairs, has passed
| through several sig
nificant staged, cnl
i minating in 'what
by generous use of
, language, may be
called a scientific
I
attack upon the
I problem. Oiiginal 'jbr. fiall
protests against war were based
• largely upon the principles of
Christianity or the motives ot a
growing spirit of humnnitarianism.
sin either case, the : ppeal was large
ly an emotional one. 1 It was a
hortatory protest against the un
christian character and the in
human consequences of military
strife.
The difficulties with these pro
tests and with the more or less
visionary proposals and utopias
that frequently resulted, was that
■they had little other basis than an
emotional protest. There was r,o
■scientific system of social engineer
ing to give it an articulate and ef
fective expression. There was no
utilitarian argument to show that
war did not pay, that would ripen
iinto a profound conviction, capable
;of restraining human'impulses and
directing human conduct. The re
sult was that in the presence of a
threatened war. the forces of paci
ficism were impotent and abortive.
For their emotional protests were
; weak and ineffective against the
much stronger emotional appeal of
war. Military genius, using the
'spirit of nationalism, and equipped
| with the most dramatic instrument
of emotional propaganda that hu->
.man experience knows—the trag
edy and heroism of the battlefield
1—made itself omnipotent in the
field of emotional appeal.
Peace Appeals to Intelligence
But at last the movement against
war has passed into a, now stave.
The new arguments for peace are
based upon facts rather than fancy.
The appeal is to intelligence, rath
er than to emoticn. The effort
to evaluate war as an instrument
I of social accomplishment. AVe talk,,.
;now’ ab&ift the^'oo'st of war and "
jits ultimate gains. Arguments arc
■being presented that the victor in
a great modern war sacrifices
'much more than he can hope to
;win. The whole emotional protest
against war as a Wicked and iniqui
tous institution is being supnlo
: mented by the more permanently
persuasive proposal that war is
rot only wicked, but that it is
;futile: that it Is not only inhuman,
ibut that it is Impotent.
With the dawning consciousness
of these facts, there seems to grow
an almost universal desire for
peace. But how can a society or
ganize for peace? How can we
change the habits of human be
havior that have prevailed for dec
ades and for centuries? How can
we organize this growing will for
peace into an articulate, construc
tive program that will be effec
tive and adequate? These problems
lead us at once to an consideration
of the subject of social control
and international peace. That
those interested in averting war
are concerning themselves with the
technique of social control is but
another link of evidence ‘o show
that the present "war against war”
has emerged from an emotional to
A scientific status.
■ What do we mean by "social
Husky Pigskin Toters
Play Whitman Saturday
University of Washington, Seattle,
Oct. 4. (P.' I. P.)—With the first
conference game barely a week away
Coach Enoch Bugshaw is preparing
to trim ten or a dozen meli off his
Husky squad to bring its member
ship for the season down to thirty
five.
Two games will be played this
week, one Friday against the Pacific
University of Forest Grove, Oregon,
and another on Saturday against
the Whitman College Missionaries.
Whitman’s probable lineup against
tiie Huskies Saturday will be: Holm
gren and Lindman, ends; Calcy and
Cartwright, tackles; McKellar and
Mengel, guards; Anderson, center;
Applegate, quarter; Reese and Coun
cil, halfbacks, and Bagley, fullback.
Washington’s opposing lineup will
probably be Snider and WCsterwell
Where Most Col
lege folks buy their
shoes.
Buster Brown
Shoe Store
“For Hosiery Too”
cr, ends; Dirks and Jessup, tackles;
Huhta and Greger, guards;' KraOtz,
center, Flannagan, quarter; Carrol
and Thornton, halfbacks, and Dal
quest, fullback.
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Lemon “O” Pharmacy
control?” As applied to a domes
tic or national group, It has fre
quently been defined as "the con
straint of the one by the many."
or "the dominance of the individual
by the group,” or "the ascendency
of the social consciousness over
the personal consciousness." In
other words, social control is the
process by which the group deter
mines, at least within certain lim
its, the conduct of its constituent
parts.
In a society where democracy is
an established fact, this ha seem
ed to imply the existence of several
factors. In the first place, there
must be an effective public opinion,
dealing with those questions in re
gard to which individuals are con
trolled. It seems clear that social j
control did not emerge out of }
primitive savagery .except as it was j
evolved by a group consciousness, j
and the establishment of the mores
Of the tribe, dealing with certain
forms of Individual behavior.
The second implication of social
control is an effective instrument
for the expression and enforcement
of this public opinion. It is one
thing to have a public opinion defi
nitely formulated on a given sub
ject; it is an entirely different thing
to see that it is faithfully enforc
ed. There is undoubtedly a public
opinion in Chicago against murder,
and yet the development of social
engineering and the perfection of
our machinery for the apprehen
sion and punishment of criminals
has been so defective that public
opinion has seemed at times quite
important. There is reason to be
lieve now that among great masses
of the peoples of the world, there
is a genuine desire for peace, and
yet the clouds of war hang heavily
upon the international horizon be
cause the technique of social en
gineering and constructive inter
national statesmanship has not yet
found a way by Which the natione
are willing to unite their fpi-ces In
an effective protest against the
state that would dare to Inaugur
ate aggressive war.
Assent of Minority Vital
A third implication Of an effec
tive social control is the willing
ness of the minority to acquiesce
in the mandate of the majority.
As a rule, that spirit of acquies
cence generally prevails among the
American public, and yet there are
certain states in which the Fif
teenth amendment has never been
enforced and for many years to
come, at least, will never be ob
served. We had tho war between
the states in this country because
tile minority of the people were
unwilling to accept the majority
lodgment in regard to matters con
fided to the federal government.
An attempt on the part of our gov
c-'hment to interfere with religious
liberty would create an irreconcil
nI’jj!.opnorition before which pub-'
He’ e>r>lh!on and the ihstrurnentali
tics for its enforcement would
prove helplessly impotent. For this
reason, there are many things with
which soda] control should not at
tchint to deal.
Finally, the implication of so- ,
cial control is a sufficient force
to restrain the criminal and to •
make wrong-doing an ill bargain
to the doer. Public opinion, un
supported by force, is impotent in
the presence of tlie criminally
minded. Force, however, without
a strong public opinion to support
it. will prove futile as an instru
ment of social control. Theoretical
ly, the executive and military forces
of the state constitute a sufficient
force to overwhelm the bootleg
gers in the nefarious traffic, hut
as a fact, such force is frequently
not employed and there are flag
rant violations on every hand.
There are states in which the gov
ernors could not be elected if they
promised to observe their oath of
office to enforce the statutes
against Intoxicating liquor. Here
we have the force, but we do not
have back of It a sufficiently unit
ed and powerful public opinion to
make the social control contem
plated in the prohibition law effec- ,
tive.
(The next article will follow soon)
Varsity l agabonds
Wander Back Home
■
An. open (touring', painted nil
colors of the rainbow, rumbles down
the streets of Eugene. The wander
ing musicians are home again.
Returning from a successful sum
mer ill Walla Walla and a trip
through eastern, southern and cen
tral Oregon, the nine Varsity Vaga
bonds, all students of the' Univer
sity, are now in Eugene and will
appear at the Ileilig in special pre
sentations this winter, it is announc
ed. John Robinson is leader of this
band which now has an outstanding
reputation on the Pacific coast.
A special number will be'present
1 ed this week by Leonard Thompson,
' saxophone player and soft shoe
dancer. New settings and ideas will
be arranged by DeVerl Hempy, stage
manager for the “Dream Pollies,”
the junior class representation last
spring. Clarence Hartman'tjfts writ
ten several compositions to be pre
sented by the band and will do the
arranging of the programs.
Members of the band are: John
Robinson, Neil Thompson, and Cliff
Bird, saxophones; Lawrence Wagner,
Leonard Thompson, trumpets; Hor
ace Snodgrass, trombone; George
Moore, drums; Mike Gross, bass; and
Clarance Hartman, piano.
Baker, Oregon, Woman
Wins Ativater Contes^
WHITMAN COLLEGE, Waite,
Walla, Wash. — (P.I.P.A.) — Two
Whitman college students won the
annual Atwater Kent audition con
test which took place in this city
last week. These winners will rep
resent this district to sing over the
radio station KIIQ at Spokane Oc
tober 17. The winners from the
eastern part of the state will then
go to San Francisco to take part in
the Pacific coast audition contest.
Mary Catherine Brock, of Baker,
Oregon, won the first place for the
women, singing the song, “The
Winds in the South,” by Scott, and
Jack French, first for the men, with
“Bequiem,” by Homer.
five Evening Classes
Begin Work in Eugene
Evening classes in Eugene under
the direction of the extension divi
sion of the University of Oregon
began October 1 and will continue
until December 22, 1928.
Courses included in the evening
classes are: Twentieth century lit
erature, S. Stephenson Smith; com
parative art studies, N owl and B.
Zane; retail merchandising, David
E. Eaville; practical public speak
ing, Albert H.^Baldridge; the junior
high school, E. L. Stetson.
(Continued from Page One)
Boggs, Max Carmen, Dale Stephens
and Frederick Reid.
Swimming managers are: William
Hedlund, Harold Praundorf, George
Niemi and Francis Heitkcmper.
Track managers: Tom Johns, Foard
Smith, Wendell McCool and Ralph
Penny. Tennis managers: Fred
Meaclium, Don Walling, Charles II.
Barr and Norman Eastman.
Geokfgical Party Finds Southeast
Oregon Place For Real Rqseaych
Southeastern Oregon is not the
barren land that it often seems to
the casual observer, is the report
brought back by Edwin T. Hodge,
professor of geology, from the last
geology summer camp trek.
“From the standpoint of the geol
ogist who looks beneath the surface,
the area has great potentialities and
: is well worth serious investigation,”
; Professor Hodge declared.
“It is amusing to look at any of
i the existing maps of southeastern
I Oregon and see how inaccurate they
; are as to the mountain ranges and
| other natural features,” Professor
I Hodge continued. From most maps
! of this region, one would naturally
deduce that southeastern Oregon is
a flat, barton country. The mem- i
bers of the party, Who ofteh left the
beaten trail in their search for
geological formations and fossils,
found that there are many mountain
ranges, some of them as high as
those of western Oregon. Many of
these ranges hold rich possibilities
in regard to minerals and artesian
water.
“I was deeply impressed by the
fact that we as yet know next to
nothing about the geography and
geology of this vast interior em
pire,” Professor Hodge said. “This
! area demands and needs the careful
consideration that the rest of Ore
gon has been given.”
An intensive study of the Mount
Hood area was made for two months
this summer by Professor Edwin T.
Hodge. Him aim was to examine
the rocks and their distribution;
unravel the history of the region
from the time the sea first covered
it to the present time and to ex
amine the economic possibilities
from the standpoint of water power,
and mineral resources for industrial
development. ,
“The job is about halfway com
pleted,” Professor Hodge states,
“but already gives evidence of pro
ducing exceedingly interesting re
sults from both popular and scien
tific objectives as well as from the
economic standpoint.”
Professor Hodjje will continue his
investigation next summer and pub
lish the results in book form.
Women’s league Makes
Plans for joining Year
Members of the Women's League
council were guests at. the home of
Miss Hazel Prutsmrtn, dean of Winn
enj Tuesday evening.
Plans for the year were discussed
with some probable drastic changes
which will be announced later. Mrs.
Katherine Ross, who is to het as as
sistant dean of women this year,
explained some ideas for advance
ment of the league work which have
been tried and proved successful in
other universities.
Many \Jniversity
Students Employed,
The employment situation at the
University this year is very good,
acc/mling to Mrs,. Djbnnelly, eui
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I l f i- S- u
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Welcome Back
A. S. U. O.
* •*,. ,t r
To Our Old Friends and Customers:
We are still at the same old stand ready and
able to serve you with the best in flowers and
floral decorations for a reasonable consideration.
To tlie freshmen interested in flowers we extend a
cordial welcome to our store and stock.
Only three blocks west of the campus.
University Florist
598
13th Avenue East
Phone 654
% Member of Florists Telegraph Delivery Association.
ploymenlt secretary. Sho has al
ready secured 95 students regular
jobs and given many others tem
porary work. These jobs, she stat
ed, range in income from $10 to $60
per month.
Many students who applied for1
employment failed to leave their
schedules and permanent adresses.
‘‘This condition,” Mrs. Donnelly said
“makes it difficult for her to fin'd
a student when she has a job for
him. So far this year there has
been an abundance of work,” she
reports.
“Ick Reynolds” Joins
University High Staff
Mr. Lauren Heynolds, better
known as “Ick” on tho’ campus,
has joined the teaching staff at the
University high school, where he is
to be in charge of all gymnasium
classes. Outside of this one addi
tion, the faculty is the same as last
year.
Two hundred and fifty students
are enrolled this fall, according to
Mr. B. U. Moore, principal. This in
dicates an increase of about five
per cent.
Thirty-one of the 48 students
graduated from this school during
the last year are now enrolled in
the University of Oiegbn.
Pledging Announcement
Bacheiordon announces the pledg
ing of Kobert Wilson of Eugeno.
Tirst W. A. A. Tennis
Matches Scheduled
Dorthca Lench, president of the
Women’s Athletic association, an
nounced that the preliminary sched
ule of tnatefics for" the fall tennis
tournament for Oregon women will
bo held Monday, Tuesday and Wed
nesday of next week, October !), 10
and 11.
All women on the campus, includ
ing the fdculty members are eligible
for competition. Those wishing to
take part must register before Fri
day of this week at six o’clock.
They may sign either with Dorthca
Lench at the Alpha Gamma Ttelta
house of with the secretary at the
Woman’s building.;
Announcement of the final
matches will appear in the Emer
ald early next week.
Whitman Women Must
Wear Green Rosettes
Walla Walla, Wash., Oct. 4—(P.
J. i\) — In accordance with the
Woman’s League rules governing the
girls of Whitman college, the year
lings will begin at the first of the
week to wear green rosettes every
day until (S o’clock, with the excep
tion of Sundays. The gibbons are
on sale until the middle of next
week and after that date all those
not obeying this rule will bo severe
ly punished by the discipline com
mittee.
easy to say, and
Ten Dollars
,T
Cash given for the name th^t is chosen
for t^e new place at 829 E. 1 3th—
formerly Lundy’s.
Make it short, snappy,
not hard to remember
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