United States Created A 'Private Army'
Opposing Interests In South Viet Nam
. WASHINGTON (UPI) j- One of
the untold stories of the Viet
Nam crisis is the fact that the
United States itself largely
created what has recently be
come a "private army" working
against American interests there.
U.S. aid and advice both went
into creation two years ago of a
special Vietnamese military force
responsible i to the palace rather
than to the military. It now is
the arm of the president's
brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu.
At present, some of these Spe
cial Forces, intended to fight the
Communists in the mountains and
delta country, are being used in
Saigon's security troops.
Among U.S. officials the story
raised fundamental issues of what
controls are available to this
country to avoid creating "Frank
enstein monsters" in projects it
must set up or assist in foreign
lands.
When Nhu, chief adviser to Viet
Nam's President Ngo Dinh Diem,
launched massive raids against
Buddhist pagodas' on Aug. 21, he
called on two main groups for the
job.
Brazil Plans Rehabilitation
Of Scorched Parana Areas
CURITIBA, Brazil (UPI)-Gov.
Ncy Braga of fire-devastated
Parana State said s c o r c he d
rural areas must be rehabilitated
at once to keep dispossessed
' farmers from swarming into al
ready crowded cities.
"Our work now is to rebuild
the state, to plant new seed and
to find homes for the homeless,"
Braga told UPI. "We will have
to feed, clothe and house refugees
for at least three months . , .
"We must act immediately to
get seeds and start building up
Action In Senate
Would Open Unions
To Negro Workers
WASHINGTON (UPI) The Sen
ate Commerce Committee today
wrote a provision into President
Kennedy's civil rights bill to
open membership in labor un
ions to Negroes.
By a 9-6 vote which crossed
party lines, the committee added
a new section to Kennedy's pub
lic accommodations bill which
would require unions to practice
non-discrimination in accepting
members.
Sen. John 0. Pastore, D-R.I.,
second-ranking Democrat on the
Senate committee, promptly
warned that such an amendment
"will defeat the public accommo
dations bill we are trying to
pass.
"It will have a very strong, de
feating influence on the enact
ment of public accommodations,"
Pastore added.
Across the Capitol, a House Ju
diciary subcommittee tentatively
approved a proposal to make the
Federal Civil Rights Commission
: ncrmanent agency.
''he action, taken with biparti-
sunport, was a step beyond
letly's request for a four
r extension of the com
mon's life.
The commission, set up in 1957,
oes out of existence Nov. 30 un
less Congress acts to continue it
before the deadline.
The commission section was
the second part of the civil rights
bill to win tentative subcommittee-approval.
The group Wednes
day cleared Kennedy's proposal
for " a new federal community re
lations service to help mediate ra
cial disputes.
agriculture to avoid a mass ex
odus to the cities."
The governor estimated the
damage done to crops in Parana
by last month's killing frosts and
this month's tragic fires in the
millions of dollars. He predicted
a 30 per cent drop in farm earn
ings for the year.
The flames which raced over a
600-square-mile area of Parana,
killing at least 300 persons, were
brought under control earlier this
week. Heavy rains, beginning
Tuesday night, quenched such
small fires as were still burning.
Brazilian agencies have pledged
$1 million for the purchase of
seeds $560,000 from banks and
8440,000 from the government,
Federal funds also will be avail
able for the reconduction of
homes and farm buildings.
Foreign aid is expected to help
take up the slack. The United
States, Britain and Israel already
nave onerea emergency supplies
and food and medicine began ar
riving by the planeload this week.
The fires swept through the
northern third of Parana, injur
ing an estimated 30,000 persons
ana leaving 400,000 homeless.
UPI correspondent Antonio Nasi
Bruni accompanied President
Joao Goulart on a flight over the
scorched earth this week.
Mucn 01 tne cotfee acreaee
which was the state's principal
source of wealth has gone up in
flames," Bruni said. "As we flew
over the state, we could see en
tire cities seared by the flames,
wun no sign or me nearbv.
Everywhere, there was des
olation.
'In Londrina, a 'millionaire
city' that lived on the coffee
trade, the air was toxic, full of
choking soot."
One consisted of units of the
so-called "Special Forces" of the
Vietnamese army. The other was
special ponce security section
of Viet Nam's national police and
security service.
It was the police who apprently
went inside the pagoda while the
Special Forces stood by outside.
Both have received American aid.
The Special Forces bear the
same name as units which U.s.
Army also has banded at - Ft.
Bragg, N.C., and have the same
purpose. They are highly trained
guerrilla warfare as "para
military" units operating general
ly in small teams able to drop
behind enemy lines and move
fast unburdened by heavy equipment.
Highly Diversified
The Viet Nam special forces
are used mainly in the mountains
for hit-and-run raids against small
and specific targets. The men
also are trained in diverse skills
such as operating field guns
working radios, dynamiting and
speaking local dialects.
The United states was mstru
mental in setting up these units
in 1961, when 'Communist guerril
las were terrorizing the country
with tactics against which old
fashioned .military sciences was
useless. It was necessary to ap
ply some of the Communists own
tactics against them.
Davidson Resigns
Democratic Post
PORTLAND (UPI) Oregon
Democratic National Committee
man C. Girard Davidson has sub
mitted his resignation to Demo
cratic National Chairman John
Bailey, it was announced today.
Davidson, who has extensive
lumber interests in Alaska, has
been commuting between his Port
land law office and his Alaska
headquarters at Wrangell for the
past several months.
In his letter to Bailey, Davidson
said his Alaska interests "will
continue to receive most of my
time as ell as require extended
ahsences from Oregon.
Davidson has been a national
committeeman from Oregon since
1956. He said he planned to at
tend the Western States Democrat
tic Conference in Salt Lake City
Sept. 19-21. He represents the 13
Western states on the national
committee's executive committee.
Davidson's successor as com
mitteeman from Oregon will be
r'eked by the Democratic State
Central Committee and will serve
thmiioh the 1964 national conven
tion. The committee has not yet
set a date to act.
Senate Committee
Approves Fish Ban
WASHINGTON (UPI) The
Senate Commerce Committee has
approved a ban on fishine bv
roreign vessels in U.S. waters.
ay unanimous vote, the com
mittee approved a bill which
would make it unlawful for for
eign ships to fish in territorial
waters or take fish resources
from the continental shelf that
are claimed by the United States
Under provisions of the bill. vio
lators would be subject to a fine
of $10,000, a year in prison or
both, and their vessels could be
seized.
The measure is being pushed by
a group of New England and West
Coast senators, including Sen. Ed
ward M. Kennedy, D-Mass., the
President s younger brother.
New England fishermen have
complained, recently that Russian
crawlers are iismng close off
shore. And the Soviet fishermen
have been accused of using illegal
nets, although the State Depart
ment recently did not substantiate
this charge.
On the West Coast and in Alas
ka, fishermen have been engaged
in severe fishing competition with
Russian and Japanese vessels.
Chairman Warren Magnuson, D
Wash., said the bill did not spell
out how far American territorial
waters extend. He said this will
be left to the executive branch
Kennedy Asks Solons
To Back Test Treaty
WASHINGTON (UPI) Presi- Kennedy said the United States
dent Kennedy has urged the Sen
ate to provide the widest pos
sible margin" of support for the
nuclear test ban treaty to prove
America s leadershiD in the quest
for world peace.
Kennedy said that if the Senate
gives "only grudging support to
the pact then this nation can
not offer much hope of leadership
in the future."
The President opened his news
conference with a statement re
emphasizing "how important it
is" that the Senate approve the
treaty now pending before it.
"It will enable all of us who
inhabit the earth. . . our children
and our children's children to
breathe easier,", the President
said.
Kennedy ahjo paid high tribute
to community leaders in South
ern cities where school desegrega
tion has been carried out peace
ably this fall.
He noted a statement that
schools in 150 Southern communi
ties have been desegregated dur
ing the past two weeks.
And while there have been
"some dificulties," he said, it is
"to the ereat credit of the vast
majority of citizens and public of
ficials in these communities" that
flip desegregation has been car
ried out on the whole with
"orderly and peaceful process."
On another foreign policy front
is not engaged in South Viet Nam
"to see a war lost" there. He said
policies which hinder that coun
try's war effort against Commu
nist guerrillas are "inconsistent
with our policies and our objec
tives." The President, however, declined
to spell out In more detail what
bis administration plans to do
about Viet Nam because it is not
desirable to "state all our views
at this time." He said U. S. poli
cies in the area will become clear
er as events unfold. ,
Kennedy made these other
points:
Ho has read only parts of a
book that is extremely critical of
him but he does not regard it as
highly as some news columnists.
Asked how he would review the
book, Victor Lasky's' "J.F.K.
The Man and the Myth," he said,
"The part I. read was not as bril
liant as they (the reviewers) de
scribed." Revealed that he plans to ad
dress the United Nation's Gen
eral Assembly in the near future.
He indicated he would present
new U.S. proposals for strength
ening the world organization's
functions as an instrument for
peace.
While he set no date, Kennedy
said he would appear before that
body "in the next few days." The
General ssembly is scheduled to
convene Sept. 17.
Defeat Of Tax Bill Would Force
Cufs In Oregon Education Funds
(Editors note: Predicted major
cutbacks In the state' education
program In cast of defeat of the
legislature's $60 million tax In
crease measure at the Oct. 15
lection are not threats. They are
warnings. Third of a five-part se
ries.)
By ZAN STARK
SALEM (UPI) To understand
the threat to Oregon's education
program if voters reject the leg
islature's tax increase bill at the
Oct. 15 election, you have to know
something about the state's budget.
The state's total budget for 1963-
65 totals more than $1.2 billion.
Of this, $404 milbon is in the
general fund.
The other $800-plus million is
made up of dedicated funds, such
Auto Damaged By Fire
The Roscburg Rural Fire De
partment answered a call Thurs
day morning to a car fire on Land
ers Lane in the Green area.
The car, belonging to Wylic
O'Neal, 4934 S. W.. Holgate, caught
fire when it backfired through the
carburetor. Damage was estimat
ed at $50.
as gasoline tax revenue which
goes for highways, or federal
matching funds for welfare), or the
total federal support of the de
partment of employment.
It s that $404 million in the gen
eral fund that's at issue. That's
the money the legislature or the
governor can control.
More than half that $404 mil
lion goes to education. More than
one-third of it goes to basic school
support alone. Basic school sup
port is money the stale gives
to local school districts.
Threat Not Intended
The governor, legislators and
education officials aren't trying to
threaten anyone when they warn
a defeat of the tax bill will have
a major effect on education.
Here's where that $404 million
goes: $234 million for education.
$16 million for new buildings, $50
million for welfare and social
services, $36 million for public
health and mental hospitals, $27
million for public safety, $11 mil
lion for natural resources, and $30
million for all other operations.
One way to shave $60 million
from this general fund budget is
to cancel the $16 million building
program, and make an across-the-board
11 per cent cut in all other
expenditures.
Because education totals $234
Fri., Sept. 13, 1963 The News-Review, Roseburg, Ore. 5
million $141 million of it the
basic school support money this
will be the hardest hit of any of
the stale programs.
Other Cuts Destructive
It wouldn't be possible to make
the full $60 million cut In the $170
million that does not go to edu
cation without destroying other
programs. .
This is why state and education
officials shouldn't be accused of
trying to use education as a
"threat." If the cuts become ne
cessary, education will be hard
hit simply because It accounts for
so much of the budget.
Higher education has already 1
announced what it might do if the
tax measure fails. Entrance re
quirements will be raised to freeze
enrollments at their present level.
This would mean about 3,000 Ore
gon youths would not be able to
enter college next year. Host of
the building program would be
postponed, and tuition fees would
be raised.
Lower education's problem is '
much more complicated.
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Choir Concert Slated
By Church Youth Group
A sacred concert by the youth'
rhnir will be nresented in the Rose-
hure Seventh-day Adventist church
on Garden Valley Boulevard at
6:30 Saturday evening to which the
public is invited, according to El
ton Hansen, chairman of the board
of elders.
This choir, with Bernie Paulson
as director and Bert Pearson as
his assistant, is composed of young
people of the church of academy
and college age and has been func
tioning as a church choir during
the summer vacation. There will
be no admission charge, according
to Hansen.
Negro Gets More Time
To Fight Extradition
SPOKANE (UPI) Charles Will
Cauthen, 26-year-old Negro whose
fate was decided in less than
day in a Georgia courtroom four
years ago, received an extension
Thursday in his fight against ex
tradition to face electrocution on a
first degree murder conviction.
Justice of the Peace Ellsworth
Gump granted Cauthen a 60-day
extension to Nov. 20 to provide
evidence in his Feb. 23, 1959, trial
at Zebulon, Ga., but denied a re
quest that bond be reduced from
$100,000 to $5,000.
Cauthen has been sentenced to
die in the elctric chairn in Georgia
for the murder of a white service
station attendant. He escaped
from jail at Griffin, Ga., May 25,"
1959.
Twenty-eight persons from War
den, Wash., friends of Cauthen,
appeared in court today. Four
testified in his behalf.
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