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About The news-review. (Roseburg, Or.) 1948-1994 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 3, 1961)
7 The Needless War Part 1 fe The Big Issue In I860 Election Campaign Slavery Vh By BRUCE CATTON l mcnt had any authority to limit the test. Instead of working for a Written Fof The Associated Press, or abolish the institution in the! settlement it worked lor a show It is sometimes said that tlie i separate states. down - which, within a year it Civil War ramp hpr-iip tho ma. The whole problem revolved S. at a staggering price. The chinery of democracy had broken around the territorial issue and;reasons 'or lls failure are extreme down. That is not quite true. It''1 was already becoming obvious came because the machinery of ll,at slavery was not going to put democracy was not used. I luttn lasting roots in the terri- 'Jo see how this hdDDened. no ' tones no matter wnai uie leaerai no DacK one century to the presiden tial election of 18B0. An enormous issue disturbed America's democracy in that year. Like most issues human beings have to handle it was extremely complicated and its deeper impli cations were not always clear, but in the main it had to do with the existence in America of the institu tion of chattel slavery. There were of course other issues m that year but in one way or another they all seemed to revolve around this question of slavery. There was no unanimity of feci ing, because the institution itself affected different people in such different ways. In the cotton slates of the Deep South slavery in 1860 was a going concern, immensely profitable to a small but powerful group, but tressed by all sorts of prejudices and habits of mind; an institution, furthermore, that was so deeply imbedded in the social and econ omic framework of the cotton South that no one could see how to get rid of it without causing a shattering convulsion. In the more northerly tier of southern slates slavery was slow ly but visibly withering on t h e vine. It was still something every one was adjusted to, and people tended to approach it with their emotions rather than with their minds, but it was not quite the same here as in the Deep South. North of the Mason and Dixon line slavery had been discarded altogether, and more and more people were coming to feel that it ought to be abolished everywhere as speedily as possible. Sentiment was by no means united, however; there wee many people in the North who disliked slavery but were perfectly willing to go along with it on the ground that it was really a problem for the Southern ers. Kor a ling time this slavery prob lem had seemed too hot to handle, and consequently it had not been handled. Yet there was not neces sarily anything to it, in the spring of 1860, that would force the dif ferent states of the Union to go to war with one another nothing that would compel 600.000 young men to die before the nation could come to a final decision about it. As a matter of fact, this issue was peripheral even in 1860. The big argument conteied on question of slavery tories. Not even the government might do. Never did the American people get so work ed up over a problem as remote as this. We can easily see that slavery could not have been uprooted over night from the states where it was central to the social and political organization not without an up set too fundamental for society to bear. We can see just as clearly that in the very nature of things slavery was a doomed institution. It could not endure very much longer in the developing 19th cen tury. Furthermore, in April of 1860 all of the machinery of the demo cracy was at hand, ready to be used. The Democratic party was about to hold its presidential nom inating convention; a little later, the Kepublican party was going to do the same. After the nomina tions there would be the campaign itself, in which nominees, party workers and newspaper punits could examine the issue in detail. Then there would be an election and the people themselves would lender some sort of verdict. Then there would be a new president and a new Congress; presumably, they would be able to provide some sort of solution. The opportunity and the means to get the nation out of its tragic fix existed. Unfortunately, they were not used. In this one in stance, democracy failed to meet ra'cd theirs excellent i Executive Director Frank j sail they would take 13 addition i al local fishing trips annually if j waters were "denned up." Ap- lv .nmnl..v hut n. nf n, rin. !"R i"e ngure io me nations cipal ones seems to have been, 0,nllll(,n """dors, he said means quite simply. Uiat it was just too' )?ll'"!on ,!s giving fhermen much trouble for the ordinary i of 200 n""lun uulmss " l'i,r' American in 1860 to sit down and Lake, Stream Pollution Cuts Angling Activity GLENV1KW, 111. (AP) The Izaak Walton League says lake and stream pollution is costing the nAtinn siinrtsint'n millions ! fishing trips every year. By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Results of a survey made ub- The long .ev Years weekend lie Saturday by the national out- j brought violent death, to 15 per door organization showed fisher- i sons in Oregon, men in -11 of its local chapters! Ten died in highway accidents, considered recreation waters near four in a plane crash' and one in their homes inadequate. Thirty- a tall from a haymow, nine termed their lakes and ; The new year opened with six siieams aueuuaie, w per cem : irauic deaths on Jan. 1 and an other on Jan. 2. This was a sharp ly higher toll than the year before when only three were killed in the entire first week. The old year closed with a De cember total of 40 highway deaths and 468 in the 12 months, com pared to 4B7 the previous year. Opening 1061 deaths: Tues., Jan. 3, 1961 The Naws-Kevicw, Roscburg, Ore. j New Year's Holidays Claim 15 Oregon Lives John It. Ralhman, 60. Ilillsboro, i Sunday, in an intersection collision near Mrs' tnri llillsboro Sunday. ! noma Sunday. ' ' I Francis Waller Ilinklcy, 24, of j Those killed in Saturday road llilwaukie, struck by a ear as he accidents: ! helped another motorist remove I Mrs. l.eota Barbara Lewis at tire chains on Ihe 111. Hood High-1 Portland. i way near Government Camp Mon-i r.dmond Charles Yarbough, Cave dav. Shelby I Killed in Ihe fall from a hay. mow at Tigard was Lloyd Donald iiunitorson. PATHONIZE NEWS REV! K VY ADVERTISERS Anderson. Garv Piersnn and Gary Dean Spangler, all of lioseburg, who crashed down a 60 foot embankment on the North I'mpqua Highway Sunday. Lance Dean Frasier, 9 months, son of Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Clyde Frasier, Portland, near Meaiham in the Blue Mountains Junction. J. H. Payne, Yachats. The four killed in ttie plane cralt had taken off from Troutdale Sat urday for an outing at. Iteno. They crashed near Fstacada. They were Mr. and Mrs. David Lee Engeiv Troutdale. and Mr. and Mrs. Everett Wavne Bovd. Portland. 9x12 Size RUG CLEANING Only 8.64 Including Pickup and Delivery RHOADS Cleaning Service Phone OR 2-1096 Behind Richie's Drive-ln H. Stephens) Finch, Miss Tregoff Back In Court Today LOS ANGELES (AP) Dr. R. Bernard Finch and his onetime Mistress Carole Tregoff come be fore the court today for their thjrd trial on charges of murdering the doctor's estranged wife Barbara Jean in July 1959. The juries deadlockedd in two previous trials. The scheduled appearance today of Finch, 42, and Miss Tregoff, 24, centers around the physician's plea of double jeopardy. Last Dec. 12 the court held that this plea must be argued with the main is sue, in the third trial. Superior judge David Coleman, on that ground, denied Finch a separate trial. Mrs. Finch. 36. was shot to death the at her suburban West Covins the terri-1 home The state contends that she Republicans was slain in an effort to avoid an argued that the federal govern-1 expensive divorce settlement. think things through. It was easier just to feel to respond to inspiring slogans, to turn emotions loose, to let anger and fear and suspicion have their way, to settle down in a fixed po sition and wait for the other fel low to back down. Politics lost its flexibility. The willingness to de bate, to negotiate and at last to iiuu auiiic guuu iiuuuie ground ois-1 appeared. Wednesday: Compromise Spurned Brucker Asks Use Of Nike Missile FAIRBANKS, Alaska (AP) The secretary of the Army told a dedication gathering Monday that the Nike Zeus anti-missile missile should be added to the nation's de fenses as soon as possible Secy. Wilber Brucker, who leaves office Jan. 20, spoke at the dedication of Ft. Jonathan M. Wainwright neap Fairbanks. Then he flew back to Washington, D C. The installation was Ladd Air Force Base. It was given to the Army and named for Gen. Wain wright, who commanded troons in the Philippines until they were overwhelmed bv the Japanese ear ly in World War II. The Zeus is meant eventually to be able to knock out enemy inter continental ballistic missiles while they are far out in space. Brucker said development of the Zeus is al most at the stage of final tests. They are to be fired for practice at a Hercules missile and then at an Atlas ICBM in the central Pa cific. "As the threat of possible attack by, intercontinental ballistic mis siles looms larger and larger with the growth of the Soviet stock piles," Brucker said, "It is urgent that we. perfect this defensive wea pon of transcendant value and get it into our operational arsenal as soon as possible." 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