NEWS-REVIEW, ROSEBURG, OREGON THURSDAY, AUGUST 26. 1948
THIRTEEN
Engineering Feat Puts Fraser
River at Top of Salmon Streams
By JACK HEWINS
VANCOUVER, B. C Aug. 24-UP An engineering twist of the
wriit turing a cataract on edge has made the Fraier River of
Weat Canada the world'! richest salmon stream.
Dollar for dollar, the Fraser runs eclipse even those of the mam
moth Columbia, where giant dams have thrown one barrier after
another In front of the homecoming Chinook. Yet the upper Fraser
was almost a lost river, salmon-wise, for more than 30 years.
It's a turbulent stream much
smaller than the Columbia, but
it reaches a rough 500 miles
north, probing both the Rockies
and the Coastal Range for its
water. Sockeye, pink and silver
salmon pile Into its mouth near
Vancouver In hordes, heading for
the hundreds of miles of tribu
tary streams and lakes high in
side Canada.
Early in the Journey they
weave without trouble through
Hells Gate, where the engineers
made a million dollar miracle.
It was at Hells Gate 35 years
ago that a haymaker was swung
at the salmon.
"In 1913 and 1914." says the
International Pacific Salmon
Fisheries Commission, "railroad
construction caused slides to -occur
tn a narrow canyon of the
Fraser river known as Hells
Gate. Although this canyon is
about 130 miles up from the river
mouth, the big runs had their
spawning grounds above this
point The Canadian government
ordered the contractors to re-
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Foreign Educators To
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ESTES PARK, Colo.. Aug. 26.
L Assignment of six Ger
man and Austrian educators to
American colleges to study admin
istrative procedures was announc
ed today.
The educators were sent to this
cecntry by the U. S. military gov
ernment as part of its cultural
i exchange program to bring Ger
many oacK 10 aemocracy.
uean inns a. ueioung of
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ENTERTAINS VETERANS Roteburq's Municipal and Elks Band, directed by Lam Bitner, mad its
final appearanca of the season, playing an hour s concert Monday night at the Veterans Hos
pital. The program was sponsored by the Oregon stale elks Association, with Prank Wickham,
local elks veterans entertainment chairman, at master of ceremonies. I he band took a position in
front of the administration building so patients in all tha buildings could hear. Other patients
were grouped on tha lawn. In addition, about 80 townspeople in nearly 20 cars drove out to hear
tha concert. Prises were awarded winners in the patients' orchestra contest. First place winner
received a sport shirt and box of candy, and second place winner a colored T-shirt. Also, T
shirts were awarded all participants of the winning Softball team of the summer season. Ice
cream bars were passed out to all tha patients.
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move the debris. Much of It un
doubtedly was removed, but the
runs were not resorcd."
The Fraser at Hells Gate is
like a band of sheep charging
through a narrow chute all
white wool and plunging hys
i teria. Coming home from the
sea, the salmon hit this mael
strom and disappear. For years
people thought they were going
safely through because very few
dead salmon were found below.
But experts found the sockeye,
which can leap a waterfall higher
than your head, lacked the
strength to battle the 1 ong
1 stretch it wild water. They
j fought it until they passed their
normal spawning period, then
i sank to the silt of the river bot
I torn. Or they turned back to down
i river tributaries and died there.
I Canada and the United States,
I working together through the
I commission, learned that the loss
over the years was "about one
and one-quarter billion dollars,"
based on the 1943 price of sal
mon. The commission handed the
Hells Gate problem to its engl
i neers. -Engineers
Solve Problem
I Now the common type of fish
ladder Is merely a series of man-
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Phone 348
Game Commission
Has to Go Far Tc
Obtain Fish Food
Raising an unprecedented num
ber of legal-sized trout this year,
the Oregon State Game Com
mission has had to obtain fish
food from all over the United
States. Carload lots of food have
been purchased from as far
away as Texas, Georgia and Min
nesota In recent months.
The development of many uses
for meat by products has caused
a serious scarcity for all game
departments that raise trout. At
the same time many different
uses have been developed for
fish by-products which are also
used extensively for trout feed
In the Oregon hatcheries. The
available supply of commercial
fish meals has also diminished
due to the fact that there is now
an increased demand for the in
gredients that go into the manu
facture of these meals.
During the year of 1947 almost
two and a quarter million pounds
of food was fed to the trout in
the hatcheries operated by the
Oregon State Game Commission.
In the first seven months of
1948 the consumption of feed
In these hatcheries was In ex
cess of 150 tons more than for
the same period In 1947. At the
same time the cost of these feeds
has substantially Increased, many
of them now costlne double and
some of them as much as three
times as much as in pre-war
nines.
"Many people do not realize
the enormous amount of food
that it takes to operate our
hatcheries, Mr. C. A. Lockwood,
State Game Supervisor stated.
"At Just one of our hatcheries
fish food consumption was run'
nlng almost a ton every three
uays inis spring.
Before the war sufficient feed
could be obtained locally but to
day the Game Commission can
not meet its needs even when
taking all the available locally
piuuui-tru ipea ana maKing pur
chases in Washington, California,
Nebraska, Alaska and other
markets.
Illinois State Normal university,
Normal, 111., coordinator of the
program, announced assignments
for tke school year Including Dr.
Johanna Lederer, Bavaria, East
ern Oregon College of Education,
La Grand.-, Ore., one quarter.
. .
Lightning causes about 400
deaths and 1,000 Injuries a year
In the United States,
Property damage from light
ning In this country ranges
around $20 million a year.
Dines on Octopus To
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PORTLAND. Aue. 36 .
Matt Kusmanlch ha found one
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octopus filet.
Back from the San Juan Is
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he caught and a recipe the
Portlander said it tastes like
clam or abalone. The suction
cups also are good, he says, like
mushrooms.
He parboils the creature, slices
and fries in olive oil and onions.
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made waterfalls. The salmon can
leap them easily, pausing to
rest when it tires. The Fraser
at Hells Gate is erratic; In late
summer Its height might be be
low the top of the ladders, in
spring floods It would bury them
under tons of galloolng water.
The fancy fish "elevators" of
Bonneville dam were Impractical.
The engineers needed a new
wrinkle and a "wrinkle" Is what
they came up with. They built
narrow concrete boxes with
"baffles" poking Inward from
either side. Water pours around
these in serpentine fashion and
below each baffle Is an eddy
a resting place for the upward
bound salmon.
The boxes, one on each side of
the river at Hells Gate, are 40
feet tall. This spring the flood
waters crested 60 feet above that,
without affecting the operation of
the fishways.
They were completed In 1945
and pink salmon, which return
to spawn in two-year cycles,
passed Hells Gate in a flood last
year. Silver salmon hatched up.
stream In 1915 are due back this
year In their three-year cycle.
The sockeye, a four-year travel
er, will Jam the Fraser next sea
son. The commission Is confident
now about the homecoming of
the king of salmon, sockeye.
Each year since the ladders were
built the tributary streams away
up yonder have been crowded
more and more with spawning
fish. The miracle at Hells Gate
has assured the Fraser top bill
ing In the world's fish drama.
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