NEWS-REVIEW, ROSEBURG. OREGON 'FRIDAY, AUGUST, 1948
Y
Human Guinea Pigs Often Risk
Lives for Science, Get no Reward
By HOWARD W. BLAKESLEE
Associated Prrss Science Editor
NLvV YORK The most underpaid Job In the worl., termi of
cash, t that of a human guinea pig in medicine.
It alwayl hai been to. The tlrat recorded human guinea pig wai
a man who did It lor the privilege of looking upon king. He
appeared before Charlei I, of England, about the year 1628.
Thli man'i heart had been
bared by an accident, and Dr.
Harvey, a part of hit discovery
of the circulation - of blood,
howed the King that there wai
no pain when hit bare heart wai
-touched. Harvey used animals
too in his discovery.
Lack of iuch tests had delaved
this discovery for about 1300
yeart during the Dark and mot
of the Middle Ages. One of the
barrieri wii a ban even on dis
secting a human cadaver.
Human guinea pl began to
be numerous about 1850, but they
worked without pay, for In most
eases they were scientists who
were willing to risk their own
lives. Many of these swallowed
newly found poisons, looking for
medical uses.
T.k Chano. With Radium
Pierre Curie, co-discovtrer of
radium, tested himself when he
heard that radium would cause
skin burns, by wrapping some
radium in sails around his arms
for several days. Curie's arm
bandage is probably the last
thing any atomic scientists of to
day would risk.
Apparently the first use of
Prisoners as guinea pigs was In
904, In the Philippines, among
convicts condemned to death.
Their reward was tobacco.
But since then the guinea
pig business has boomed.
Prisen.ro Rewarded
In World War II many pris
oners submitted to tests 'for ma
laria and other diseases. Their
rewards were sometimes as much
REWARD
Ladies' or Mon'i Bonrut
Wrist Wotch
GIVEN FREE
To person supplyin Infor
mation looding to the ren
tot or lease of five or ii
room unfurnished house or
small furnished apart
ment Inside city. Reward
given only to first person
supplying iuch Information,
and only If wo actually rant
the hauto or apartment.
Call at Lawson's
Jewelry
or phono 44S
as $100, and also in nearly all
cases, certificates of merit. These
certificates were supposed to be
useful in advancing paroles but
the holder had to argue.
Now, In the last of the malaria
experiments, at Seagoville, Tex
as, on prisoners of the Federal
Correctional Institution, the Un
der Secretary of War has ruled
that certificates of merit will be
accompanied by some reduction
In time of sentence. The Saaeo
ville prlsoneri also receive $100.
Principle C.nturi.s Old
The historical facts are from
a study by Dr. A. C. Ivy, Univer
sity of Illinois college of medi
cine, who explains that Hippo
crates, father of medicine, lour
centuries before Christ, set the
moral principle for doctors in his
oath for physicians, to which
every young doctor swears to
this day. The oath, to gtve oth
ers freely of medical discover
ies, recognized the fact that ev
ery patient is to some extent a
guinea pig.
From that day to now. medical
authorities have Insisted that
human guinea pigs should be vol
unteers Risks Now Avoided
American universities do ex
tensive human guinea pig work,
with student volunteers. But the
experiments are safe. Most fre
quent are studies in eating, In
which the student's reward is us
ually free board.
At Tulane, student volunteers
had radioactive phosphorous in
jected into their blood to count
the number of red corpusles in
the human body. This was an ex
i citing adventure, because radio
; activity inside' you Is something
1 new and dangerous. At Tulane
the risks were avoided.
There Is systematic recruiting
of guinea pigs at the University
of Pennsylvania medical school.
When student volunteers are
wanted, a note la posted on the
Dean's bulletin board. There
were two notes this spring.
1 One asked for three for meta
bolism tests. They were to spend
all their time In a hospital, but
would be free to read, study and
1 play shut-In games, all for $100
I and keep. The other wanted an
unnamed number for respiration
: studies for a stipend not sped-
The Correct Time
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Juit what in the world kind of lunch did you ordtr in French,
Hysteria?
Super-Chief Sabotage Fails
Economic Squeeze Forces Soviet .
To Relax Financial Blockade j
By DeWITT MacKENZIE ;
. AP Foreign Affairs Analyst .; " , - j !
They say that little straws show how the wind blows, but -one
takes the liberty of doubting whether the course of the straw li
very helpful in the case of whirlwinds.
Thus it Is with cautious Inter
est that we note some easement
of the cyclonic quarrel between
Russia and the Western Allies.
From Moscow comes word that
reliable sources say there is a
good chance for "an agreement"
between the warring nations. On
top of that we get the Russian
authorities' surprising move In
relaxing their onerous financial
blockage of Western Berlin for
the present.
This financial blockade, by the
way. is distinct from the food
blockade, although the latter was
Imposed because of the financial
quarrel between the Soviet and
the Western Allies. Some weeks
ago the democracies made a new
issue of German marks for their
three zones, which previously
had been dependent on the Soviet
currency.
The Russians promptly out
lawed the money in the Amer
ican, British and French areas
of Berlin on the claim that the
capital Is part of the Soviet zone
an assertion which the democ
racies dispute. The Muscovites
also blocked the Russian mark
accounts of the anti-Communist
city government, as well as ac
counts of some business houses.
The result ol this financial
blockade has been to deprive
both government and business of
funds to meet commitments. The
situation was becoming serious
when yesterday out of the blue
the Soviet authorities released
blocked funds to enable the city
government to meet Its weekend
engagements. Similar arrange
ments were made with business
houses.
Charles Glffard, British fi
nance officer In Berlin, explained
the surprising Soviet move thus:
"They apparently did not want
to bring things to a head in Ber
lin while negotiations were going
on elsewhere" (meaning Mos
cow). Well, supposing this does ex
plain the Russian concession, we
still want to know Just wny Mos
cow should suddenly decide to
consider "an agreement" with
the democracies.
It strikes me that there are
two nrime reasons:
1. There Is discontent and dis
affection among Moscow's satel
lite block of eastern Europe.
That Is quite evident In coun
tries like Czechoslovakia, Yugo
slavia, Hungary and Poland.
2. Russia and her Red bloc are
being squeezed economically be
cause of the division of Europe
Into two camps. And or course.
Western Europe is being
squeezed, too, for these great
areas are Interdependent. They
need an exchange of raw mate
rials, foodstuffs and manufac
tured articles.
National Guard Ceiling
For Enlistments Upped
WASHINGTON, Aug. 6.
The National Guard yesterday
nr.tde way for more enlisted men
by lifting the ceiling on enroll
ment of commissioned and war
rant officers and certain World
War II veterans.
Maj. Gen. Kenneth F. Cramer,
chief of the Guard Bureau, said
the new order was aimed pri
marily at bulldiny up the officer
' "0' """"
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strength of the expanded, state
units. Bu' since officers no long
er will be charged against the
unit quota, he noted that tma will
enable more qualified men to en
list.
The national guard bureau also
revised the state quota Jor ,
listed men Including Orejos. I
the Army In that state tee qu
was fixed at l.tvt, inijtr
Air Force 940. '. -jtZ. I
A Summer Economy! - .
"Water lily"
ri i r
idealism
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Th,"a:r5",..,k.:rn,n"ir I order blank
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(NE4 Trlrphmo)
An unsuccessful attempt to wrer If past bound Super Chief near South
l'adna, Calif., Is under Investigation. Here Police Chief E. C. Bet
ter (left) studies 3-foot stwl rail (foreground) which had been
placed arross the tracks. The locomotive apparently threw n off
tracks, thus preventing derailment. Lt. R. B. Biakely (right) looks
in vain for fingerprints.
fled.
Yellow Favar Heroes
The high point of all human
guinea pig work, and rewards
too, was the conquest of yellow
fever, by Dr. Walter Rped'a
group. In Havana, In 1900. There
were four doctors, seven Ameri
can soldier volunteers, and 12
other volunteers, both Spanish
and Americans.
The pay to volunteers was $200
each, to doctor nothing. But
many years afterward, John Kis
sincer, who got a bad case of
yellow fever from a mosquito
bite, but refused the money, and
whose health remained precari
ous, was given a pension by
Congress and the Congressional
Medal of Honor.
Dr. Jesse Larear died of vel
low fever, all for no pay. In fact
historical documents say L7.ear
declared his bite was accidental,
so as to keep his life Insurance
from being cancelled.
regular tariff rates."
The Justice Department aald
"by means of such contacts, the
defendants have secured control
of virtually all the commercial
cargo transported in the trade
involved."
Phone 948-L
206 N. Jockson
Shipping Lines
Face Federal Suit
WASHINGTON, Aug. f '.fl
Attorney General Clark said to
day 25 shipping lines have been
accused of conspiracy to monopo
lize the cargo trade between At
lantic and Gulf ports and points
In the Far East.
Clark said a civil action against
the lines was filed today in the
federal district court at 'Newark,
N. J.
He said 19 of the defendants
are foreign lines and six are
American Flag lines.
He described all of the lines
as members of what Is known
as the Far East Conference.
The government's suit alleges
the ship companies Involved have
required shippers to agree to
patronize the lines of the confer
ence members exclusively In or
dor to get the benefit of "contact
rates substantially lower than
No alarm needed
WHEN YOU insure with
this Hartford agency you
can be certain we'll be
there promptly after a fire
ready to settle your lots.
At all times, we welcome
the opportunity to advise
you on any Insurance
matters
Be sure your insurance
is adequate today!
ROY O. YOUNG
Phone 417
205 W. Cess St.
Roseburg
KEN'S RHYMINDER
There's more content paying rent.
And know full well you've lost,
Than buy home
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And SAVE the premium cost.
ARE YOU UNDER INSURED? CALL
KEN BAILEY
INSURANCE AGENCY
IIS Pacific Sldg. '
Phone Hi ,
PORK STEAK
SHOULDER c,
CUTS Lb O D C
BEEF LOIN STEAK
VERY 7Q
TENDER Lb C
COMPLETE FOOD SHOPPING CENTER
Highway 99 North ROSEBURG Phone 957-H
Smoked PORK CHOPS
SLICED
or in piece Lb
SHORT RIBS
LEAN Not Am
All Fat I C
EVERYBODY KNOWS!
. Everybody knows that Wally's meet all locally advertised prices, fctf
' did you know that Wally's furnish free parking? Wally's is a com
plete food shopping center serving you?
WALLY'S WANT TO PLEASE Y0U1
BEEF ROAST
BLADE or :.
Round Bone Cuts Lb.
59c
WE HAVE TOP GRADE
FISH & POULTRY
:
BUMBLE BEE FANCY
ALBACORE TUNA
43c
NO. Vi TIN ,
SOLID WHITE WHITE
KRAFT
Pint
MATSON'S
FRESH PRODUCE
COTTAGE CHEESE 27'
CHB TOMATO 14-ot. Bottle
CATSUP ...2 lor 35c
TOMATOES
FIELD RIPENED
13c Lb.
KRAFTS Pkf.
rniTT Delicious Ice Creom Made ot
rixlfcaw home Just odd woter
29c
CELERY
' FRESH & CRISP
10c Lb.
Green Peppers
GOOD STUFFING SIZE
16c Lb.
CARROTS
2 bunches 15c
Watermelons
Wit Lb.
SUNSHINE COOKIES and
CRACKERS-featured at Wally's
WOODBURY'S FACIAL
SOAP . 4 bars 33c
DREFT or VEL 3 Ige. bxs. 92c
DUZ-RINSO 33c
Durkea's Vhi?:d
SALAD DRESSING
Pt 35c
Qt 65c
"'2
St. Joseph's Heavy
MINERAL OIL
Pint Size ... :29c
(CLOSE OUT)
Tenderleaf
TEA
God's Word
I. B. net thou thsr.fore athsmsd at tha t.atim.ny ot
our Lord, nor at ma his prlson.rt but b. thou pariakar
of tha afflictions of tha goapal according to tha powsr
of Ood;
t. Who hath sav.d us, and eall.d us with an h.ly .ail
ing, not aee.rdlng to our works, but aeoardlng to hi.
awn purpM. and graea, which waa glvan us In Christ
Jttu bafora the world b.gan.
II TIMOTHY t
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