THE DALLES WEEKLY CHRONICLE, WEDNESDAY. APRIL 21. 1897.
The Weekly Ghroniele.
(TATE OFFICIALS.
Barernor ....W. P. Lord
Secretary of 8Ute .... H B Klncaid
Treasurer Phillip Metscban
Hnnt-nf PnhHn Isitnietion... 6. M. Irwin
Attorney -General C. M. Idleman.
' ' IG. W. McBride
-- - J. H; Mitchell
v,- B Hermann
Congressmen. Jw. R. Ellis
BUte Printer W. H. Leeds
COUNTY OFFICIALS.
Robt Hays
Sheriff- T. J. Driver
Clerk A M. Kelsav
Treasurer C. L. r-hillips
ComnUsalonera ...
Assessor W. II. Whipple
Surveyor J. B. ;olt
Superintendent of Public Schools... C. L. Gilbert
Coroner ..,......-. W. H. Botta
Connty Judge....
in...
WEEKLY MARKET REVIEW.
Buyers of wheat have been slaugh
tered this week, and many holders
have lootened their grip on hitherto
well held lines, believing, as they
did, in the many crcp reports telling
of damage in the southwest, and
more particularly in stories from In
diana and eastern Missouri. -Their
faith appeals to have been misplaced.
They received no assistance whatever
from the general public, and people
who are chronic sellers saw. the op
portunity and persistehtly fought the
campaign, and their efforts have mat
with success. The result has been
severe liquidation of the previously
existing speculative interests, and
there can be but little doubt that the
market at the close of the week is
more nearly evened up than at any
time in several years past. Wheat
has lacked a good cash demand for
some time, and without it there is
only the conclusion to be drawn
that values should decline. The
fact that red wheat commands a high
premium has not had the slightest
effect in preventing or even staying
the depression that set in early in
the 'week, and which caused a loss of
five cents in the future deliveries
and a proportionate break in the
cash grades.
A great many inclined to the be
lief that the break was due to manip
ulation, and not from legitimate
causes. This theory is rather doubt
ful, and can be questioned. The
market is always more or less subject
to manipulation, but to the extent of
the decline that, has ocurred this
week does not seem.piobable. We
are of ' the opinion that the current
weakness in wheat is due to disap
pointment with the rate of flour con
sumption, which is smaller than- had
been expected, and with the larger
arrivals than had been looked for,
and, although the public is suffering
this . disappointment, it has no need
to despair, for at the slow rate of
cuirent consumption the world ends
the crop season lower in supply than
in any season before since the price
was 90 cents a bushel for an average
of a season.
For various reasons it is apparent
that the present price is to be tempo
rary only. Enthusiasm. went too far
in October, and this depression is a
natural result, and will be followed
in a few weeks by an improved posi
tion. In the meantime the decline,
ot course, makes everybody that is
to say, holders of wheat look rather
blue, but in such a situation the.
darkest hour is just before the dawn.
there, for it is honestly feared that
should Scott's indorsement not be
sufficient, no further links ol the
chain can be added. -
We understand some of the smaller
fry have been sent for, hut the taper
ing process has run down so fine that
we honestly fear no real . benefit will
be reaped by the Corbett push.
GA UZY DISTINCTIONS.
of
BEACHING THE END.
The Corbett combination seems to
be tapering off to a fine point. First
it, was Corbett went rushing across
the continent as though he feared the
senatorial seat vacated by Mitchell
would get cold before he got there.
With him went Wallace McCamant
as general manager, all-around facto
tum, brief-writer and door-keeper to
the grand aggregation. Thev ar
rived in Washington, but somehow
the . senatorial - seat, is still unfilled.
Then the combine began to look
around for - help. J. Thorburn Eoss
was sent for to vouch for McCamant,
who was voucding for Corbett; but
in spite of this the senate was not
moved to seat Corbett.
Then the powers of that political
faction being about exhausted. Tony
Noltner was sent for to indorse J.
Thorburn Eoss and influence the
Democratic senators. And yet the
situation is not clear. It seems now
that there is need of someone to
indorse "Tony," and who is there to
do it. . Hon. II. W. Scott might con
sent, but this scheme is handicapped
with the possibility of the chain of
continuity reaching a solution right
Governor Lord is out with a spec
ial plea in behalf of the. seating of
Corbett that brands him either as an
ass or a kfiave, with the ear-marks of
both. He uses nearly a column in
the Oregoninn to draw the legal and
technical distinctions between the
Montana case of Lee Mantle and the
Oregon case of Corbett.- It abounds
in hair splitting divisions that no one
but a man whose life had been spent
in manufacturing them, would under
take. Stripped of Its verbiage, its
redundancy and its muddying of the
waters to hide its true chaiacter
the governor's position is that there
is a vast difference between a legis
lature organized that refuses to do
its' duty, and a legislature that re.
fuses to organize for the puipose
avoiding its duty. .
The changes in this statement are
are all worked by. the governor in
the vain hope that he will deceive
somebody by some of his kaliedo
scopic imaginings. The great mass
of the people are not lawyers, they
look at a proposition from a purely
common sense standpoint They
can see no difference between a man
elected to the legislature who goes
to the state capital and refuses to
take the oath of office, and the man
who, having taken the oath of office,
refuses to attend the session. Each
is working for, and each accom
plishes the same object.
The governor lays stress upon the
fact that no competent legislative
body has had an opportunity to
elect ' a senator, consequently there
was a vacancy which the governor
could fill. The governor knows how
the hold-up was accomplished, none
better. He knows that money was
paid Tj'Ren and others to prevent
them doing their duty and perfect
ing an organization of the bouse.
He knows that this money was paid
by those opposed to Senator Mitch
ell's re-election. He knows that the
mm was appointed who was expect
ed to be appointed, and this it is
said after a couple of hours connubi
ating in the Portland hotel with the
governor of the state of Oregon.
He knows that it 13 openly stated
that Corbett's money was back of
the hold up and caused it, foe the
purpose of getting the position him
self. ,' He . knows that the Bourne
seraglio and the sack, wherever' it
came from, were brought to bear to
seduce legislators from their duty.
He knows that in appointing Corbett
he is aiding and abetting in violat
ing the pledges of the members of
the legislature, in countenancing and
encouraging the corrupting of state
officials, of trampling upon the con
stitution of the state, which he has
sworn to uphold, and of teaching the
people a lesson in anarchy that once
learned will do a million times more
harm than being left forever without
representation in the United States
senate.
Corbett is said to have furnished
the money to make the hold-np pos
sible. Is it right that he should take
advantage of his own wrong? or that
the distinguished hair-splitting jurist,
who now unfortunately sits in the
gubernatorial chair of the state of
Oregon, should prostitute his high
office to assist him in doing so?
The United States, senate will seat
or reject Corbett according to its
who after more than - 400 years of fortunes are another's opportunities.
conditions that are practically sla- With the first report' thai war had
very, and who still has the fires of commenced between Turkey and
liberty burning in his breast, is sure- Greece, vheat went up four
ly descended from a noble stock: . cents a bushel in New York at a
IlUcKY-U-Ree. 8iDg,e iP' Sf thewar be-
come general, "a dollar a bushel for
It is possible, but hardly probable, wheat" may yet be realized in this
that there will be a general European country. From many - causes the
war. The powers are afraid to be- Ouuook ror tne coming wheat crop and procured a pledge from his people
gin it, knowing not where it will i3 exce'lent. Argentine,, instead of that they would obey. his laws until he
end. and some of the monarchs un- sending sixty million bushels into retained. Bidding them an affectionate
derstand the temper of this people the ; markets of this world, will be 1
fragrant of all the flowers of the garden
We fancy, somehow, that it is much so
with our lives, and for many of those
things wnich we complain of there is
compensation, if we had bat the patience
and the justice to wait and find it out.
. . . ; ,
When Lycurgus had framed what he
considered to be a periect code of laws
for the Greeks, he expressed his inten
tion of making a visit to a far coantrv
returned
farewell, he took his faithful slave with
- I it J a. a , . . 1 - "- avvvij way ua uuu
well enough to know the prosecution compelled to import, India, instead 6honM be burned and the ashea lhTOwn
of a war is apt to end by some of the j or twenty to thirty millions for ex- I into the .Aegean tea, he corn mi tied sui
aforesaid mcnarchs being out of a port, will have none, while Australia Clt3e- Hn .'Intention 'waa, of course, to
I . J - ' - I I 1 .
iob. 1 . lis about in the same condition. Ee- n"T" ms P50"18 -s lorever.
- 1
The sympathies of the people are ports from Europe show a diminished
with the Greeks, while the interests yield, or rather. prospect, for a" yield,
of the rulers seem to lie with the and, taken all together, the chance
Turks. The rulers cannot , permit for high prices is good
Greece to acquire Turkish territory,
Otis Patterson, editor of the Hepp-
ner Gazette, is said to be a candidate
for the position of internal revenue
collector at Portland, a place said to on these days.. But In course of time
while t'e worth from $10,000 to $15,000 a this law began to be violated. Then
since he could not come back. It is
stated that . for many years the people
were true to their promise?, and every
thing was dune as Lycurgas had pro
vided. One. of the most important of
these laws Was forbidding any person
getting bis hair cot Saturday afternoons
or - Sundays in a public barber shop,
with an especial clause concerning
mothers taking their boys to the shops
and the former .will not permit the
Turks to overrun Greece, and con
tinue the horrible atrocities upon the
Armenians and other of her Chris
tian subjects ' In the mean
Greece is displaying a trace of her
ancient bravery, and is fighting for
her rights as manfully as she did
2500 years ago. She has heard the
call - from Macedonia, and has re
sponded nobly. She has not stopped
u tuuMuci iiic.wmui Mttuusf ' morning, . and every Grecian matron
quences, but lias boldly said to the . glorified in having her bov's capillary
Turk what the powers were efraid to Know' we aul not know tnat ne covering curtailed Saturday afternoons,
. . ... I tuna a AanilMntA tm. nn nAf..'.:An V...4- I dr-Mfa full flat tha .At- 1... A
say: "Thou shalt not! xhat she ""J y"0"-1""' """M uu 0. a.u,, uu
may win is the ardent wish of every 11 tne newspaper report is correct, j"vv"y
J J I ...... I annreme. BaninpflR hpcamA ntnernant-.
wesimpiy want to s&y that there is . . . .---
r J J ' and bnSinfWH mRn ant tin nil mirht nn tlia
,1 r -..- j '
uululu8 kw Kw" UW3UUUU night of flies-tfartius.soastobeonhand
gift in the shape of office that he has bright and early on the morning of Dies
not earned twice over from his party. Saturnis. Everybody became wild on
year. We don t know anything
about the office, but we do know
Patterson. We know him to be a
thorough business : man, of strong
convictions, and with the energy and
ability to back them up; a genial,
whole-souled gentleman, whom it is
men began to get morose and out of ha
mor when they waited three hours by
the clepsydra to get their chins scraped
From this violation of : the sacred stat
utes, others Boon fonnd foothold and in
a few years the laws of Lycurgus were a
back number. Citizens took delight in
getting their hair trimmed Sundav
lover of liberty, and every admirer
of bravery.
THE TURKISH SITUATION.
A dispatch from London yesterday
oi.ca up cue jLuimau oiiuuuuu vtrry I JJqq
lairly and concisely as follows:
Greece has carried her point of
compelling Turkey to be the ag
gressor. . Her own campaign is
defensive, and this has an important
bearing on the action of the powers,
Turkey makes war on . Greece and
forces her to defend her territory,
Turkey is consequently making war
upon the powers, and the combined
blockade and concert . cannot possi
bly be maintained after an outbreak
of hostilities. This is a great disad
vantage, and one well worth waiting
for. .
But, with the exception of a righte
ous cause, it is almost the only one
which the Greeks have. The Turks
have the heaviest battalions, a fiercer
and more warlike spirit, superior
facilities of transport, and a more ac
cessible base of operations. If Mac
edonia remain behind them, thev
will possess all the advantage of
numbers, discipline, leadership and
position in the campaign now open
ing. If Macedonia revolt, ihere will
be appalling massacres and the Balkan
The Hillsboro Independent gives
Ti Greer a strong ; indorse.
ment for the position of ' "Collector
of Costumes" at Portland. We sup
pose the gentleman alluded to is Hon,
T. T. Geer, and that he is indorsed
for the place he desires, collector of
customs. As a collector of costumes
the tall Timothy T. would not be a
success, since be is
the subject, and neglected their business
to get in first. Soon the ' shop doors
were closed, and grass grew on the
streets ot Athens. . r -
It is qaile dull in The Dalles juBt now.
A PHOTOGRAPH.
A pretty picture on my table stands;
The sun-caught shadow of a girl of seven,
Pure as a spirit from the fields of heaven.
The down cast eves, the meekly folded hands,
The perfect poising of the gold-crowned head.
The feet most fitted bnt on flowers to tread
never guilty Of I Tne graceful draping of he snowy gown.
masquerading ; DUt ror ny tUlCg in Proclaim her not of earth, but heaven Instead,
the line Of business T.' T. IS all right. Y he 18 bit a dainty earthly sprite,
ncr iwreou incasing Buu ner menus ueugnt,
A MEDLEY.
Things Wise, Things Sentimental, and
Some Things Foolish.
Stronger than steel to bind them, yet, so slight
Than summer skies her eyes more deeply blue,
And, like them, letting heaven's light shine
... through.
The Hew Time Card.
The Minnesota legislature recently at- j
tempted to put a stop to the habit in
dulged in by cranky men and hysterical j
women of presenting flowers to crimin
als. The Minnesota legislature evident-
v did not understand that fools cannot
be legislated out of existence. . As be
tween men and women in the line of
making fools of themselves, or rather of
conveying to the world full knowledge of
Under the new time card, which goes
into effect tomorrow, trains will move as
follows: . .
No. 4, to Spokane and (Great Northern
arrives at 6 p. m., leaves at 6 :05 p. m.
No. 2, to Pendleton, Baker City and
Union Pacific, arrives 1 :15 a. m., de
parts 1 :20 a. m.
No. 3, from Spokane and Great North
ern, arrives a:6J, departs a :6b a. m
States will be on fire. the fools nature made of them, honors No. 1, from Baker City and Union Pa-
The powers will now devote their are tolerably easy, with the long en.d of cific, arrives 1 0, departs 1 :25 a. m
energies to localizing and restricting ' he string somewhat . in favor of the Nob. 23 and 24, moving east of The
the area of conflict, but when the re- male fool. Just what bond of sympathy Dalles, will carry passengers. No. 23
sources, or the concert have already mem is Detween a criminal ana tne arrives at 6:30 p. m., departs 12:45
been exhausted in dlblomatic mis- hysterically-sentimental woman is a
management, little dependence can profound mystery, which will probably
be placed upon the success of their never be solved ; but it exists just the
efforts. same. The peculiarity of the thing is
Five powers were committed to a tRat iQ order to awaken the fullest sym
defensive campaign by their alliance, pathy in the breast of tha woman crank,
and the sixth has made little use, so it necessary that the crime be against
far, of the opportunities for independ- one of her own sex. Let Currant, or
ent decisive action. It is amazm? someone 01 tnat type, drag . down to
that in a crisis fraught with moment- daath some young and innocent cirl
ous consequences for Europe, the
PAPER BAGS AND HARD TIMES.
One Industry That Thrives on Condl-
The manufacture of paper begs is an
industry which depends largely on its
prosperity to a prevailing condition of
hard times. . The more stringent the
financial pressure becomes, the more
paper bags axe used, says the Chicago
Chronicle. In the grocery stores cus
tomers will come in who, instead of
ordering1 a bushel of potatoes, will or
der a quart of potatoes and carry them
h'jme in a paper bag. Groceries of all
kind3 are purchased in small quantities,
and the paper bag is used almost ex
clusively to do up, not only groceries,
but fruit, vegetables and candies. A
customer in. hard times will drop in
and buy half a pound of tea. In a few
days he will coma in again and buy
another half pound. In good times he
would have bought a couple of pounds,
and one bag would have wrapped it up.
It is so with all kinds of groceries and
everything purchasable for which pa
per bags can be used, and the only real
complaint which will be found coming
from the paper bag manufaetiircrs will-,
be on the occasion of prosperous times
coming on us again. The paper bag
mills are doing a thriving business now,.
and until the growing evidences of
prosoeritv culminate in a general re
sumption of business activity through
out the country, they will not lack lor
a constant and large demand for their
goods. But when the mechanic begins
to buy potatoes by the bushel, apples
by the peck, coffee by five-pound pack
ages and flour by the barrel, then the
paper bag will hide its diminished head
and prosperity be with ns once more.
THE MAYOR IN . JAIL.
How the Execntlve of Sew York Came
to Be Sent Cp.
Judge M. May, of .this city, was once
instrumental in sending William . L.
Strong, now mayor of ,New York city.
to the county jail for six weeks, says the
Mansfield (O.) News. At that time
Manuel May wasn't a judge, and Strong,
who ia now known all over the country
by. reason of the figure he has cut in
New York politics, was not mayor of .
New York. . The judge, when quesr
tioned in regard to the matter, readily
gave the incident as he'remembered it:
'It was 30 years ago, and I was a
notary public in those days. I was di
rected to take some depositions in a
case in which there was an alleged
fraud in regard to some financial mat
ters. Strong refused to answer some
questions, as he, I think, had received
the information on certain points in
confidence. He was obstinate, and I ex
ercised my prerogative and sent him to
jail. Strong moved in what was con
sidered the. elite of. Mansfield society
in those. dayB,. and they stuck to him
through his term of imprisonment. Thn
town was about divided on the propo
sition as to whether it was right to send
him to jail. Strong had a real nice
time while, he was in jail.. His friends
visited him every day and helped him
pass away : the hours, t inaliy, after
Strong had been locked up for six
weeks, a higher court concluded that
he had had enough and he was re
leased." "
JULES VERNE'S MANNERS.
P.m. .
Passengers for Heppner will take train
leaving here 6:05 p. m.
Two years ago B. J. Warren, a drug
gist at Pleasant Brook, N. Y., bought a
small supply of Chamberlain's Cough
Remedy. He sums op the result as fol
lows: "At that time the goodB were un
known in this section; to-day Chamber-
hinrl the flood MtB of fmin5no nmni. Iain's Cough Kemedy is a household
. D J , ........
foreign office should be without cap
tain or lieutenant, and the British
cabinet scattered over the continent.
JUST, A QUESTION.
thy are opened and the sluice ways run
full of sympathetic tears for the "poor
dear ' man" who has an ignominious
death on the scaffold staring him (though
at a pretty safe distance) in the face, for
simply outraging and murdering one de-
One crooked $20 gold piece has fenseless girl. Flowers, watered with
come into the possession of the-Lane tears, are in profusion for him.
county tax collector four times this It makes eensible people sick at heart
season. In other words, it has al and ashamed of their race to contem-
rcady paid the taxes of four men, plate it. It does not require any law to
and promises to pay many more be- stop it; it requires only a little firmness
fore the rolls close. Eugene Guard, on the part of sheriffs and iailors. who
own pleasure, and regardless of what
anyone may say ; ( but we say now
that as sure as he is seated, that sure
will the act come home to the Re
publican party to cause it tears of
shame and the anguish born of over
whelming defeat.
The war between Greek and Turk
has begun, and will be watched with
intense interest by the people of the
United States. The powers of Eu
rope are even more cowardly and
pusillanimous in dealing with the
Cretan question than we ate with
Cuba; but the sympathies of the peo
ple of this country are with the op
pressed everywhere. The Greek,
The question naturally arising
after perusing the above is "How did
the crooked $20 piece get into circu
lation again after getting into' the
hands of the tax collector?" How
many times did he pass it out, and
how long will he continue to do so?
Then again, how much did the
should have the courage to deny admis
sion to the presence of any criminal any
persons except bis attorneys, his rela
tives, his minister and the jail doctor.
Mr. Bonn yesterday presented this
office with a small limb of a tame crab-
apple tree that was a mass of bloom.
The flowers are pnre white of extraordi
nary size, and the little limb ia one of
1 1 il. I
uuuuby ur uuyuue ei8e ns oy uie use the prettiest things imaginable. , Some-
of the counterfeit $20? It has paid how we never see flowers but we feel
$60 indebtedness to the county hon- bke petting them, caressing them with
estly, and if ic is successfully passed
off by the tax collector the sum is
increased to $80. It may pay $10,
000 fairly and squarely, and yet can
never entail upon anyone a loss of
more man fzu. me honest man
who. finally destroys it, will be out
$20; but we cannot get around the
fact that the bad $20 for all practical
purposes was as good as the true one.
What is money, anyhow?
"One man's food is another man's
poison,", says the proverb, and it is
equally true that one nation's mis-
gentle touch a j though they' were inno
cent little children.. There . is an old
legend in connection with the crabapple
that when the trees were planted in the
garden of Eden,' like man - they were
made mature, and were laden, not with
flowers, but fruit. . The crabapple, per
haps justly, complained that while all
the other trees had been given fruit de
lightful to the eye of man, its fruit was
so 'small and so acrid that Adam and
Eve turned from it in contempt; but In
the midst of its complainings, the spirit
that dwelt in the tree chided it for its
ingatitude and told it to wait ; and lo 1
when spring came the crabapple pnt
forth its snowy' buds that opened their
petals, the most beautiful and the most
word." It is the same in hundreds of
communities. . Where ever the good
qualities of Chamberlain's Cough Kem
edy become known the people will have
nothing else. For sale by Blakeley &
Houghton. - .
Stockholders Meeting.
Notice is hereby given that a meeting
of the stockholders of The Dalles Chron
icle Publishing Company will be held at
the connty court rooms on Tuesday, the
25th day of May, A. D., 1897, "at . 2
o'clock p. m., for the purpose of adopt
ing suplimentary articles of incorpora
tion, increasing the capital stock of said
company and transacting such otber
business as may come before said meet
ing, ay order ot tne uoara ot Directors.
The Dalles, Oregon, April 9, 1897. -:
' A. S. Mac Allisteb,
'. President.
E. G. Davenpokt,
. Secretary.
For Male or Trade.
A desirable ranch of 160 acres, within
lour miles of Dalles City, with one span
mares, harness,' wagons, plows and other
property. Fine fruit land - and abun
dance of water. Will trade for Dalles
City property. Inquire of
A. S. Mac Allisteb,
Beal Eetate and Insurance Agent.
Chronicle office, The Dalles, Or.
Csah In Your Checks. ''
'- All county warrants registered prior
to Nov. 15, 1892, will be paid at my
office. Interest ceases after . April 7,
1897. j C. L. Phillips,. -
County Treasurer.
Soap Foam
compounds.
excels all other washing
. - r a2-3m
Subscribe for The Chronicle.
The Great Writer Is Simple, Quiet and
Modest. .
If, meeting him without knowing
who he was, I had been asked to divine
his profession, I would have said he
was a retired army general or a profes-.
sor of physics and mathematics or a
cabinet officer never an artist, says a
writer in the Chautauquan of Jules
Verne. He doe? not show the burden of
hia almost 80 ysars; he has somewhat
of Verdi's build, with a serious, kindly
face, no artist-like, vivacity in look or
word, very simple manners, the im
print of great sincerity in every fleet
ing manifestation' of feeling and
thought, the language, the bearing, the
manner of dress of a man who con
siders appearances of absolutely no nc-.
count. My. first sensation after the
pleasure of seeing him was one of stupe
faction. Apart from the friendly look
and the affable demeanor I could rec
ognize nothing in common with the '
Verne who stood before me and the one
that had a place in my imagination.
My wonder evep increased when, in
duced to speak about his works, he
spoke of them with ari abstracted air,
as he would have done of some one else's
writings, or rather of things in which
entered no merit of his as he would .
have spoken of a collection of engrav
ings or coins he had acquired, and with
which he occupied himself more from
the necessity of doing something than , -from
any passion for the art.
Largest Poultry Farm.
Farm Poultry says that Isaac Wilbur,
of Little Compton, R. I., has the largest
poultry farm in the world. He ships
from 130,000 to 150,000 dozen of eggs a
year.. He keeps his fowls on the colony
plan, housing about 40 in a house eight
by ten or eight by twelve feet in size.
these houses being about .150 feet apart,
set out in long rows over the gently-
sloping fields. . He has 100 of these
houses scattered over three or four
fields. The. food is loaded into a low
wagon, which is driven about to each
house in turn, the attendant feeding
as he goes... At the afternoon feeding
the eggs are collected. The fowls are
fed twice a day. The morning food is
a mash of cooked vegetables and mixed
meals; this mash is made up the after
noon of the day before. The afternoon
feed is whole corn the year round.
are lour Grain.
Few realize that . each squirrel de
stroys $1.50 worth of grain annually.
Wakelee's Squirrel and Gopher Exterm
inator is the most effective and econom
ical poison known. Price reduced to 30
cents. For sale . by M. Z. Donnell,
Agent.
' The merchant who tells yon he has
something else as good as Hoe Cake soap
is a good man to keep away from. a2 3m