THE LETTER OF A PATRIOT.
SEI1TOR WOLCOTT TO COLORADO
REPUBLICAN.
He Tells Why He Canoot Support tbe Chicago
Platform, Eveo to Secure Free Coinage la
America. .
Under date of July 81, 1896, Senator Ed
ward O. Wdcott, of Colorado, issued an
address to the voters of that state, giving
his reasons for supporting McKauiey ana
- not following his colleague. Senator 'leiier,
. out ot the republican party. It is a-manly,
patriotic, strong and convincing letter,
and has rallied to his support a large ma
jority of the republicans of that state.
The reasons he gives are just as good In
this state as they are in Colorado, and ail
voters, of whatever party, who are tempt
. ed by their desire for lt coinage to ig
nore the grave dangers to wnlc h,ea,Y,f?
attention, should give them thoughtful
consideration. The address is aa follows.
To the Voters of the State ot Colorado.:
The people of Colorado are entitled to
know at such a juncture as this the views
of their representatives at Washington.
Among the great privileges we enjoy un
der republican institutions are freedom of
conscience and freedom of speech, and if
1 should hesitate on this or on any other
proper occasion to declare my belief and
Iny convictions on any public question, 1
should despise myselt even more than I
despise those incendiary newspapers and
hysterical Individuals who assume that
tnreats and vituperation can choke the
utterances of any self-respecting citizen
ot Colorado, who has an opinion to ex
press or a principle to declare.
"The silver question is most vital. In
ternational bimetaUsm at the former ratio
woulu, ol course, be the most desirable
method of restoring silver as a money
metal, because the disturbance of values,
which might follow the Inauguration of
tree coinage by the United States alone,
would be avoided, and the question as to
tne exportation or hoarding of gold would
be eliminated. In my opinion, however,
the United States alone could, under wise
and conservative guidance such guidance,
as should deserve and receive the conti
nence of all classes ot our people open
its mints to the unlimited coinage of silver
and successfully maintain that metal at a
parity with gold at the ratio of lb to 1, in
dependently of other nations of the world,
uuring the seven years of my public serv
ice in the senate, 1 have always held this
view. My vote on all questions affecting
tbe currency has been identical with that
of other senators usually known as silver
senators, and, while my utterances on the
sliver question may not have been as fre
quent or as long as those of others whose
views 1 share, nevertheless my record on
this subject is clear and consistent, and
the views I hold I expect always to maln-
ta,'the financial plank of the national re
publican platform is, in. my opinion, far
trom satisfactory, and those members of
the party who believe as 1 believe, will
struggle earnestly and hopefully for the
full and complete recognition and adop
tion by the republican party of the hu
mane principle of bimetaUsm, animated
by the belief that the party which on
every other great question Involving hu
man freedom and the welfare of mankind
has stood for all that was uplifting and
ennobling, will yet realize that a contin
uance ot the gold standard means only
further impoverishment and suffering.
"The platform contains, however, a most
important statement, pledging the party
to the furtherance ot bimetaUsm by in
ternational agreement. To the good faith
of this pledge, the history of the parly
on other questions requires the fullest
credence; the overshadowing Importance
of the silver question makes it certain to
my mind that every effort will be earnest
ly made by the republican party to secure
to this country the blessings of bimetal
ism, and it is my sincere conviction that
silver will again be restored to its place
as a money metal at the old ratio, and
that when this restoration comes, it will
be accomplished through the action and
efforts of the republican party. Except on
the money question, no man in Colorado
who believes in the protection of American
labor and American products and American
industries, and who loves his country, can
read the platform without hearty ap
proval; and no man doubts that Major
McKinley will bring to his high office
every quality needed by a president of this
great people.
"Mr. .Bryan has been nominated for the
presidency on three separate platforms;
by the democratic party, the populist
party and by the silver party. The last
named party the silver party does not
deserve serious consideration. Most of its
members were present at its recent con
vention In St. Louis, and the newspapers
report the convention hall as being less
than half full. The democratic party
nominated Mr. Bryan upon a platform the
financial portion of which was everything
that could be desired, and the rest of It
everything that is, in my opinion, un
desirable and hostile to the Interests of
our country. I decline to stand upon this
platform and vote for this candidate, even
with the alluring free-coinage plank. I
cannot do it. I am a believer in protec
tion, and shall not abandon that belief.
.The supreme court of the United States is
a pure and able tribunal; the highest ju
dicial tribunal in the world. I will not
help to smirch it. This government must
be enabled to pay Its running expenses,
and whenever my vote is need for that
purpose, and I fall to vote it supplies to
keep it alive,"! shall consider that I vio
late my oath as senator. The recent re
publican congress has been neither waste
ful nor extravagant, and I must decline
to certify to a statement I know to be un
- true. When, some months ago, the rail
way strike at Chicago grew beyond con
trol, and innocent lives were being sacri- -heed
and millions of dollars' worth of prop
erty was being destroyed by lawless men;
when the sheriff was powerless, and the
governor failed to perform bis duty, the
president of the United States, with fed
eral troops, under sanction of law, saved
further bloodshed and destruction, and
thereby deserves the thanks oT every man
who values our liberties and believes that
the rights guaranteed us by the constitu
tion ought to be sacredly guarded against
lawlessness of every form.
"The recent travesty at St. Louis, the
populist convention, has but illustrated
the elements which naturally gravitate
toward -the candidacy of Mr. Bryan.
Every cranky quirk, every incongruous
and ludicrous and misshapen idea which
the wheels In the brains of men could
evolve, buzzed and whirled through days
of talk, but the net result was Bryan.
Government ownership of railroads, tele
graph and telephone lines. Initiative and
referendum, eilvermoney and more money,
had their advocates, and at the end, on
assurances that all who voted for Bryan
would be equally recognized, Mr. Bryan
was the almost unanimous choice of the
convention.
"Because, therefore, I believe that free
coinage will come through the efforts of
the republican party, and because the
democratic and populist platforms, ex
cept on the money question, are odious
and hostile to the welfare of our country,
I shall not cast my vote for Mr. Bryan. -
"I hold my commission from the reniih-
llcan party. Many of Its members, lnclud-
clal policy, which It Is our natural and
proper desire to see overthrown as speedily
as possible. We are one of 46 states in the
Union, each free and sovereign. Within
our borders live about one one hundred
and fiftieth of the people of the United
States. We live in a republic where the
majority rules. The vast majority of the
people of the United States are honest and
of a high average of intelligence, and de
voted to the perpetuity of free institu
tions. Our great desire is to Induce a ma
jority of the people of the United States
to believe as we believe. The way to the
accomplishment "of this result is not by
vituperation and abuse. The press of the
country, East as well as West, is largely
responsible for the bitter sectional feeling
now sought to be invoked. It Is for us
who do not own or control newspapers
and who are not in the business of throw
ing mud, to remember that of the millions
of people who will cast their ballots this
fall, nearly all are as patriotic as we are,
and with us equally desirous that this re
public shall live, and not die. The people
of the East are our brothers; we sprung
from the same loins, we have a common
country, a common death and the same
dear nag. This gospel of hate which is
now being preached ahould And no follow
ing among sane men, no welcome among
good citizens.
"We who believe in the tree coinage of
both gold and silver at our mints at the
ratio heretofore existing will secure the
adoption of our views when we are able
to induce the majority of our fellow-cltl-ens
to share our belief; when people who
do not agree with us now shall be led to
agree with us, not alone because of our
arguments on finance, but because our
views on other great questions entitle us
to public confidence and respect. - Free
coinage will never come, in my opinion,
out ol the jumble and folly of the Chicago
platform, nor will it be heralded by the
cap and bells of populism.
"EDWARD O. WOLCOTT."
McKINLErS LETTER Con. from 1st page.
Wages la Mexico.
Chicago Tribune.
A. J. Warner, the popocrat, discourses
thus:
"It is now generally admitted that, while
the United States, on a gold basis, is suf
fering from prolonged business stagnation,
Mexico, on a silver basis, was never so
prosperous as now. The explanation of this
difference in tbe business and industrial
conditions of the two countries seems to
puzzle a good many people, and especially
those who hold to the belief that the gold
standard is the condition under which a
country ought to thrive best."
The best way to ascertain whether a
country Is prosperous is to find out what
the reward of labor is there and also the
prices of those commodities which are in
common use. That country is the most
prosperous where a day's labor exchanges
for the greatest quantity of the necessaries
of life.
Tried by that test, what does the Mexi
can prosperity Warner extols amount to?
The following tables will throw some light
on the subject. The first one gives the
wages paid In the City of Mexico, which
has about 350,000 people. The first column
gives the actual wages paid, the second
column gives their gold value, and the third
gives American wages paid In gold or Its
equivalent:
OCCUPATION.
Carpenters
Bricklayers .........
Blacksmiths
Painrs
Masons '.,
Printers
Clerks In stores
Unskilled labor
House servants
Hotel help
Cooks
Factory hands
Farm hands
Car drivers
Conductors
Policemen
Miners
Railroad engineers
Firemen
Conductors ...
Brakemen
Mexico 2 " 9
Value In "2 2.5.
"a cr tg
! K
; i til
2 00 SI 00 S2 00
1 50 75 3 00
2 00 1 00 2 50
2 50 1 25 2 00
1 70 87 4 00
1 25 87 4 00
2 50 1 25 2 b0
40 20 1 25
S3 17 60
50 26 1 00
2 50 1 25 3 00
50 25 2 00
50 25 60
75 37 1 25
1 00 60 1 25
1 00 60 2 25
60 25 1 00
6 00 ' 3 00 6 00
4 0U - 2 00 3 00
6 00 2 60 4 60
1 60 75 2 00
It will be Been that In a few instances
the Mexican working man gets as many
Mexican dollars at the American working
man gets 100-cent United States dollars.
Generally the wage-worker who is paid In
Mexican dollars gets fewer of them than
the American gets of full value dollars.
According to Warner this is prosperity.
The second table deals with prices. The
first column shows what the Mexican pays
for the necessaries of life in Mexican dol
lars. Tbe second column shows what he
would be asked were he to pay in gold
value American money. The third column
shows the prices paid in this country:
Mexico. U. S. Gold or
Value In silver equal
silver.
Tea, per pound.. 12 00
Flour, per pound 08
Bacon, per pound
Lard, per pound.
Beef, per pound..
Mutton, per lb..
Coffee per lb....
Sugar, per lb....
Beans, per lb....
Potatoes per lb..
Corn meal, lb...
Rice, per lb
From which It
60
SO
20
20
40
10
10
06
20
appears
KOld.
i uu .
04
26
15
10
10
20
05
06
02V4
10
04
that the
In value.
60
04
08
08
10
15
25
06
02
01
2
Mexi
can gets less for his labor and pays more
for all he consumes. The day's labor of a
car conductor there will buy 12 pounds
of flour and 6 pounds of beef. Here the
day's labor of a car conductor will buy al
most 28 pounds of flour and 12 pounds ot
meat.
Nevertheless, Warner declares that labor
prospers in Mexico, and he proposes that
the American working-man cast his vote
for a candidate who will give him Mexican
prosperity.
Undoubtedly Mexico is more prosperous
that she was 20 years ego. She has pro
gressed In spite of her having a sliver
standard. She has had a more stable form
of government. American capital has built
railroads, which have opened up tbe coun
try and given value to products which were
valueless previously for lack of transporta
tion facilities.
But with all the progress that has been
made, that -which counts for prosperity In
Mexico would count for wretchedness In
the United States. . American workingmen
who feel Inclined to vote for Bryan should
study the above tables of wages and prices
before they cast their ballots to Mexicantxe
the labor of this country.
Brooklyn Eagle.
William McKinley made a brief speech
Wednesday to the surviving members of
the regiment In which he served during
the war, and In the course of it he said
he believed "It was a great deal better to
open' the mills of the United States to the
labor of America than to open the mints
nf ttiA United RtAtftn tA thA RilvpF nf th
ing some of Its leaders, in the exercise or world." William J. Bryan made a long
the r Judgment, have announced their In- HnpM,h . the Mudlann-Sonare mrrten hut
in the whole course of It he did not say a
thing which will stick In the minds of the
voters like this epigram which his rival
for the presidency coined in Canton.
tentlon of leaving the party. I shall stay.
My loyalty to the party which has hon
ored me Is entirely consistent with my
loyalty to the highest and best Interests of
the state I represent in the senate of the
United States, and I know no reason why
I should abandon my party or desert Its
colors. There Is In my mind no reason
why it was not as much our duty to vote
for Weaver four years ago as for Bryan
today. The Omaha platform declared for. with
uumuge, uiu was uu uiute uujeuiiun-
' able than the Chicago platform; and
Bryan Is vouched for by leading populists
as being 'as good a populist as lives.' The
populists have not changed in the past
four years. It Is we who are expected to
join their organization. Others may find
It a, wise experiment, but I won't do it.
Whenever the course of events could make
It possible that I should speak from the
same platform as Tillman or Walte or Ig-
natlus Donnelly, In advocacy of the same
& residential candidate, I know there must
e something wrong with me.
"What we need. in. Colorado is less
hysterics and more common sense. We
have glorious resources, yet In the infan- M , - . - 1 .. "
cy of their development. We are suffering- bixteen men were cut off of the Kan
front the imposition ot a mistaken finan-; aaa City police force Monday.
If we coin a silver dollar of full legal
tender below the current value of the gold
dollar, we are simply opening our doors
and Inviting England to take our gold.
i our arold fiowinr out from us we
snail De rorced to the single silver stand
ard, and our- relations with the leading
commercial countries of the world would
be not only embarrassed, but crippled.
What gain should we ' make, - therefore,
for the circulating medium If on opening
the' gate for silver to flow In, we open a .
still wider gate for gold to flow out?
James G. Blaine. .
Mark Hanna, chairman of the repub
lican national committee, predicts a gain
of 10,000 for the party in Vermont
FOREIGN IMMIGRATION. 7
The declaration of the platform touch
ing foreign Immigration Is one of pecu
liar importance at this time, when our
own laboring' people are In such great
distress. I am in hearty sympathy
with the present legislation restraining
foreign immigration, and favor such ex
tension of the laws as will secure the
United States from Invasion by the de
barred and criminal classes of the Old
World While we adhere to the public
policy under which our country has
raised great bodies of honest. Industri
ous citizens who have added to the
wealth, progress and power of the coun
try, ami While we welcome to our shores
the well disposed and industrious im
migrant who contributes by his energy
and Intelligence to the cause of free
government we want no Immigrant
who do not seek our Bhores to become
citizens. We should permit none to par
ticipate in the advantages of our civil
ization who do not sympathize with ot r
acta and form of government. "W e
should receive none who come to make
war upon our Institutions and profit by.
pubMo disquiet and turmoil. Against all
such our gates must be tightly closed.
OUR SOLDIERS AND SAILORS.
- The soldiers and Bailors of the United
States should neither be neglected, nor
forgotten. The Government which they
served so well must not make their lives
or condition harder by treating: them as
suppuants tor reuei in oia age or uib
tresa, nor regard with disdain or con
tempt the earnest Interest one comrade
naturally manifests in the welfare of
another. - Doubtless . there have been
pension abuses and frauds in the num
erous claims allowed by the Govern
ment, but the policy governing the ad
ministration of the Pension Bureau
must always be fair and liberal. No de
serving applicant should ever suffer be
cause of a wrong perpetrated by or for
another. Our soldiers and sailors gave
the Government the best they had. They
freely offered health, strength, limb and
life to save the country in the time of
Its greatest peril. And the Government
must honor them in their need as in
their service with the respect and grati
tude due to brave, noble and self-sacrificing
men, who are Justly entitled to
generous aid in their increasing neces-'
adties.
OUR MERCHANT MARINE ' AND
NAVY.
The declaration of the Republican
platform in favor of the upbuilding of
our merchant marine has my hearty
approval. The policy of discriminating
duties in favor of our shipping which
prevailed in the early years of our his
tory should be again promptly adopted
by Congress and vigorously supported
until our prestige and supremacy on the
seas is fully attained. We should no
longer contribute directly or indirectly
to the maintenance of the colossal ma
rines of foreign countries, but provide
an efficient and complete marine of our
own. Now that the American Navy is
assuming the position commensurate
with our Importance as a nation, a pol
icy I am glad to observe the Republic
an platform strongly indorses, we must
supplement it with a merchant marine
that will give us tbe advantages In both
our coastwise and foreign trade that we
ought naturally and properly to enjoy.
It should be at once a matter of public
policy and national pride to repossess
this immense and prosperous trade.
CIVIL SERVICE REFORM.
The pledge of the Republican Conven
tion that our civil service laws "shall be
sustained and thoroughly and honestly
enforced and extended wherever prac
ticable" Is in keeping with the position
of the party for the past twenty-four
years, and will be faithfully observed.
Our opponents decry those reforms.
They appear willing to abandon all the
advantages gained after so many years
of agitation and effort. They encour
age a return to methods of party favor
itism Which both parties have often de
nounced, that experience haa condemn
ed and that the people have repeatedly
disapproved. - The Republican party
earnestly opposes this reactionary and
entirely unjustifiable policy. It will
take no backward step upon this ques
tion It will seek to improve, but never
degrade the public service.
IT DEMANDS SPECIAL ATTENTION. .
There are other Important and timely
declarations in the platform which I
cannot here discuss. I must content
myself with saying that they have my
approval. If, as Republicans, we have
lately addressed our attention with with
what may seem great stress and earn
estness to the new and unexpected as
sault upon the financial Integrity of the
Government, we have done It because
the menace Is so grave as to demand
especial consideration, and because we
are convinced that if the people are
aroused to the true understanding and
meaning of this silver ami Inflation
movement they will avert the dangor.
In oing this we feel that we render the.
best service possible to the country, and
we appeal to the intelligent conscience
and patriotism of the people, irrespec
tive of party or section, for their earnest
support. .
WILL MAINTAIN LAW AND ORDER
We avoid no issue. We meet the sud
den, dangerous and revolutionary as
sault upon law and order and upon
those to whom is confided by the legis- .
lation and the laws, the authority to up
hold and maintain them which our op
ponents have made, with the same oour- -age
that we have faced every emer
gency since our organization as a party
more than forty years ago. Govern
ment by law must first be assured, ev
erything etee can wait. The spirit of
, lawlessness must be extinguished by
the fires of an unselfish and lofty patri
otism. Every attack upon the public
faith and every suggestion of the re
pudiation of debts, public or private,
must be rebuked by all men who believe
that honesty ia the best policy, or who
love their country and would preserve
unsullied our national honor.
SECTIONALISM ALMOST OBLITER
ATED. The country is to be congratulated
upon the almost total obliteration of
sectionalism which '. for many years
marked the division of the United
States in slave and free territory and
finally threatened its partition Into two
separate governments by the dread or
deal of civil war. The era of reconcili
ation, so long and earnestly desired by
General Grant and many other great
leaders, North and South, has happily
come, and tlie feeling of distrust and
hostility between the sections is every
where vanishing, let us hope never to
return. Nothing Is better calculated to
give strength to the national wealth,
Increase our power and Influence abroad
and add to the permanency and secu
rity of our free institutions than the
restoration of cordial relations between
the people of all sections and parts of
our beloved country. ,
If called by the suffrages of the peo
ple to assume the duties of the high
office of President of the United States
I shall count it a privilege, even in the
slightest degree, to increase the spirit
of fraternal regard which should ani
mate and govern the citizens of every'
section. State or part of the Republic.
After the lapse of a century since its
utterance, let us, at length and forever
hereafter, - heed the admonition of
Washington: "There should be no
North, no South, no East, no West, but
a common country." It shall be my
constant aim to improve every oppor
tunity to advance the cause of good
sentiat to our prosperity ana Happiness,
by joining most heartily In all proper
efforts to restore the relations of broth
erly respect and affection which in our
' early history characterized all the peo
ple and all the States. I would be glad,
to contribute toward binding In indivis
ible union the different divisions of the
Country, which. Indeed, "Have every
inductment of sympathy and interest"
to weld them together more strongly
than ever. I would rejoice to see dem
onstrated to the world that the North
and. South and the East and West are
not separated or in danger of becoming
separated because of sectional or party
differences. The war Is long since over;
we are not enemies, but friends, and as
friends we will faihtfully and cordially
co-operate under the approving smile of
Him who has thus far so signally sus
tained and guided us to preserve Invio
late our country's name and honor, ltj
peace and good order and its continued
ascendency among the greatest govern
ments on earth.
WILLIAM M"KTNLEY.
A MONEY CATECHISM. the sh.ver.te catechism.
SOME PLAIN ANSWERS TO IMPORTANT
QUESTIONS CONCERNING MONEY.
A PLAIN TALK TO JOHN SMITH.
In Which Be Is Shown How Free Coinage
Will Injure Him.
This means you, John Smith. It
makes no difference what your calling
may be, if you are a workingman the
the very greatest importance to yourself, ."TO
Why Gold Is Preferable to SUvm
. Bulky, and Business of Civilised World Is
Adjusted to It Laws Cannot Blake It
lVeas Acceptable Money Senator Stewart
- and Silver States Prefer Gold,
' - Question. What is money ? Answer,
any common medium of exchange which
is accepted as payment in itself.
Q. What is representative money? A.
any common medium of exchange
which promises to pay money.
Q. What is meant by primary money?
A, This is a new phrase introduced to
oonf use people by suggesting that there
is also secondary money.
Q. What is money of final redemp
tion? A. This is another late addition
to the American language implying that
there- are several different, kinds of
money. There is only one kind of money
In this country. There are several dif-
your family and your friends.
This question is: Will you, John
Smith, vote for the candidates who favor
the free and unlimited coinage of silver
at a ratio of 16 to 1? You are asked to
do so on the ground that free silver will
make you more prosperous. You know
that you would like to get higher wages,
have a better house to live in, wear bet
ter clothes and be able to provide more
oomforta and luxuires for your wife and
children, and, being a hardworking
man who has not had much time to
study financial questions, perhaps you
are inclined to believe that there's some
thing in this talk of cheap money for
the workers. If so, here are some points
for you to think over:
. This free silver agitation did not start
with you, John Smith. It began with
the owners of the silver mines, who
wanted to get a higher price for their
product. They were cunning enough to
see that the people would not listen to
a barefaced scheme of special favors to
one small class, so they went to work
to convince the farmers that prices of
farm products are too low. To them
they said, "If prices were measured in
cheap silver dollars, you would get twice
as much money for what you selL"
They did not tell the whole truth, that
the farmer would also pay twice as
much for everything he buys, and so
they soon found themsleves with a con
siderable number of followers. Then
they tried the workers. To them they
said: "Free silver will give the country
more money. More money will give the
workingmen better wages. . If yon want
more wages, vote for free silver. "
In the first place, John Smith, you
will notice that when the silver mine
owners and their agents are talking to
the farmers they don't say anything
about increasing wages. This is because
the farmer wants to get his labor as
cheaply as possible. Then, when they
talk to you, they keep mighty quiet about
raising prices. This is because they
know you don't want to pay high prices
for what you buy. Yet it is as certain
as that two and two make four that if
goods are measured in 60 cent silver
dollars your bread, meat, flah, vegetables
and everything you eat, your clothes,
your furniture and everything for which
you spend your wages, will be just twice
as dear as they are now. This is not gold
bug lies. It is what the silverites say
when they are talking cheap money to
the farmers.
Now, John Smith, do yon see what
free silver means? And do you want a
system under which the price of every
thing you buy will be at once doubled?
Are you willing to vote for a certainty
of being paid in cheap dollars which
have only half of the purchasing power
of those you now get? The 16 to 1
shouters will tell you that your wages
will be doubled and that if your em
ployer does not at once give you twice
as many dollars per month or week you
will simply have to ask for more pay.
Do you think you will get it, John
Smith? You know how hard it is for
the workers to get even a slight advance
In wages. You know that there are
many Idle men who would be glad to
take your place If you' went on strike.
Can you afford to take chances with a
scheme which is certain to double your
living expenses for the sake of the bare
possibility of higher wages? Think it
over, John Smith, between now and
November. Talk it over with your fellow-workmen
and vote according to
your own best interests.
Inevitable Consequences,
The experiences of all lands and of
all ages utterly exclude the possibility
that any one should profit by a depreci
ated currency except an exceedingly
small minority of money dealers and
successful speculators in publio dis
tress. In the spirit of gambling that is
thus engendered in an epoch of depreci
ated currency very few of these persons
are permitted to enjoy their innings in
the long run. When the prices of prod
ucts nominally rise, the balance is re
dressed by a rise also in the cost of pro
duction and In the wants of the pro
ducers. Every rise in prices under an
inflated currency, as well as under a
sound -system of money, is followed by
increased production and by a depression
of prices through increased competi
tion. But a violent disturbance of busi
ness through a sudden change of the
monetary standard to a silver dollar
containing only 63 cents of bullion
could not be made without causing
widespread distress. The only adequate
explanation of the course of the advo
cates of free silver coinage is that they
are but dimly oonscious of the conse
quences that would follow the adoption
of their policy. Philadelphia Record..
A Sixteen to One. Xown.
"Is this a 16 to 1 town?" asked the
drummer.
. "It air on Sunday," answered the
native. . .-
"On Sunday?
Q. Give examples of each. A. Gold
coin is money. Everything else that
circulates, whether of metal or of paper,
is representative money.
Q. Is silver coin representative
money. A. It is.
Q. In what way does the government
promise to redeem its silver coins? A.
By the act of congress of June 9, 1879,
it promises to redeem all coins smaller
than. 1 when presented in sums
not less than f 20. By the act of Feb.
28, 1878, the government promises to
. receive silver dollars at par in all pay
ments to itself. By the act of July 19,
1890, it declares it to be the policy of
the government to keep the two metals
at a parity with each other. By two
different acts the secretary of the treas
ury is authorized to purchase coin and
to issue the obligations of the United
States therefor.
Q. What is the indispensable quality
and first requisite of money? A. That
it should be universally acceptable.
. Q. Is there any kind of money uni
versally acceptable but gold? A. There
is not
Q. Would not silver be equally ac
ceptable if it were equally legal tender?
A. Silver dollars are legal tender. Give
any man the option of taking 100 of
these pieces or 10 goldpieoes of $10
each and he will choose the latter.
Therefore they are not equally accepta
ble. Q. Is the difference In weight tne
only reason why gold is more acceptable
than silver? A. That is not the only
reason now, but it was the main if not
the only, reason when civilized nations
made their choice between the two.
Q. What reasons exist now that did
not exist then? A. A variation of 60
per cent has taken place in the value of
the two metals. In addition to being 16
times as heavy, silver has lost one-half
of its value during the interval
Q. Are there any other reasons why
silver is . not equally acceptable with
gold? A. Yes; although a limited
amount of silver (and also of nickel and
copper) is used as a medium of ex
change, it is now a commodity in the
markets of the world subject to the same
fluctuations as other commodities. Peo
ple do not like to use a fluctuating com
modity as money, and will not if they
can get anything better.
Q. Have you mentioned all the rea
sons why gold is acceptable as money
and silver is not? A. The most decisive
reason is that the civilized world has
adjusted itself to the gold standard dur
ing a long period of tima All business
is bottomed on it It is an accomplished
fact coextensive with the commercial
world. To change to another standard
would be literally turning the commer
cial world upside down.
Q. Can such a change be produced?
A. Absolutely impossible. In a conceiv
able oase one country may turn itself
upside down, but that feat would not
make gold less acceptable or silver more
so, even in that country. Acoeptableness
is a state of the human mind which
laws cannot change.
Q. Is the preference for gold uni
versal? A. It is universal among civi
lized men. Even the silver advocates in
the United States prefer gold in their
business affairs, that is everywhere ex
cept on the stump. Senator Stewart of
Nevada makes his mortgages payable in
gold. When he was reproved for this
bad example, he said that he merely
followed the universal custom on the
Pacific coast, where he lives. So we
have his authority for the statement
that in the section of the Union where
the demand for silver is most vociferous
everybody prefers gold in his private
business.
Q. Can you give any other examples?
A. The territory of Arizona brought a
bill before congress two or three years
ago, asking authority to issue bonds
payable specifically in gold, on the
ground that the money would be bor
rowed at a considerable lower rate of
interest than if they were payable in
dollars without specifying the kind of
dollars. The state of Utah is negotiating
a specifio gold loan now for the same
reason. Yet both Arizona and Utah are
politically for silver.
Q. What do these acts signify? A.
Two things: First, that gold is prefer
able to silver in the general estimation
of mankind; second, that payment in ,
gold is an advantage to borrowers.
New York Evening Post
Za Which Free Coinage Theories Are
Plainly Stated.
What is money? Something made out
of nothing by government
- Is there any limit to the amount of
money which government can make?
Only the capacity of the printing presses
of the country.
What kind of money is the best?
That which has the least value. '
What does "cheap money" mean?
Money that will buy very little wealth.
Why are some people poor? Because
the money they get in exchange for
their products or their labor will buy a
large amount of goods.
How can the poor all be made rich?
By stamping 60 cents' worth of silver
"one dollar" and thus decreasing the
nurchasincr cower of monev. .
What is a capitalist? A wicked sinner
who has worked hard and saved np a
little property.
What is a patriot? A man who covets
his neighbor's property and wants to
get hold of it by law.
What does "repudiation" mean? It is
a simple scheme for readjusting the in
equalities between the men who worked
and the men who have not - "
What is the golden rule of the silver
ites? Do others as they would not do '
you.
What are we to understand by "hon
esty" and "good faith between men?"
That creditors are to be cheated out of -one-half
of their property whenever the
debtors control congress.
Why not benefit debtors still more by
repudiating all the claims of creditors?
That will oome later. The publio must
be educated into silverism by degrees.
What is a creditor? A fiend in human
shflriA Who lnATlftri 100 mnf. rlnllava nnrl
doesn't want to be paid in dollars worth
60 cents.
How will free silver help the farm
ers? By causing the withdrawal of all
loons, paralysis of industry, stagnation
of commerce and idleness of millions of
workers who now buy farm products.
How will the 16 to 1 scheme benefit
the working classes? By making them
pay twice as much for everything they
buy, while giving them little or no in
crease in wagea It will also confiscate
half of their savings bank deposits.
What is a silver mine owner? A good,
kind, unselfish citizen, who doesn't
want higher prices of silver so that he
will ffefc rinh. hnfc simrtlv IwnnnM Iia
loves his fellow man.
Does his love for ' the workers lead
him to pay more than market rates for
his labor? Not much. Business and
sentiment are two different things. Be
sides he doesn't have to.
What is a sound currency? Dollars
with 60 nenta' worth of Hi Ivor ntiil SO
cents' worth of fiat or paper dollars all
fiat
What is the chief duty of a good citi
zen? To hate everybody who is indus
trious and thrifty, and to meekly swal
low all the nostrums of the cheap money
office seekers.
How can the people be made prosper
ous? By setting class against class; dis
couraging the investment of capital;
contracting the currency by ruining em
ployers, driving out gold and over
throwing our sound financial system.
Whidden Graham.
The Grand Army of Creditors,
Tho gentlemen who think that they
have made an attractive bid for votes
by proposing a 60 cent dollar for debtors
to pay their debts with are reckoning
without thoir host Every state of the
Union is full of creditors, and they will
never consent to defraud and cheat
themselves.
Among these creditors are:
All persons who work for wages, sal
ary or by the piece.
All members of building and loan
associations.
All depositors in savings, national,
state or private banks.
All holders of life, fire and accident
insurance policies. . -
All members of benevolent and fra
ternal insurance orders.
All holders of industrial insurance.
All widows, orphans or wards de
pendent wholly or partially upon the
income from investments.
All educational and charitable insti
tutions dependent wholly or in part up- .
on the income of their endowments.
In fact, the 60 cent silver dollar
would be of advantage to few persons
in the long run save the speculators,
who would gamble on the inevitable
fluctuations in its purchasing power and
in the price of commodities. Exchange.
Some Things Monody Can Do.
It is idle to "hurl defiance" and boast
of what this great nation can da It
never has been able to maintain bimetal
lism under free ooinage of both gold '
and silver, even when the conditions
were far more favorable, than now.
This nation is unquestionably "broad
enough to legislate for its own people
without waiting for the aid or consent
of any other nation on earth, ", but this
nation tried for over 80 years to secure
bimetallism under a legal double stand- '
ard and completely failed. And as this
nation, "broad" as it is, is not able to
work miracles, it can no more perform
such a feat now than it could in the past
Louisville Courier-Journal.
government by promoting that spirit of i xas o"en goes nsnm to one go-
in to i
forbearance and iustlce which is so ea-"
i church. " Cincinnati Enquirer.
Sllvente Vampaicn uim.
The platform adopted by the silverite
wing which controlled the Democratic
national convention contains abundant
material for stirring campaign mottoes.
"Free Silver Inflation," "Debt Repudi
ation," "Property Confiscation" and
"Commercial Stagnation" are brief and
truthful statements of the aims of the
cheap money Democrats and the certain
results which would follow their success
in November. Shouting these cheerful
strains, the silverites can march to the .
certain defeat which awaits all move
ments based on sectionalism, greed, ap
peals to prejudice and hatred of property
rights. ... ... .
The Freaent Standard Beat For All.
The present currency standard should
be maintained because it guarantees an
honest dollar to rich and poor alike. .
The farmer is sure of full value for his
products. The laborer knows that his
services are paid for with honest money;
If the currency maintained on the pres
ent gold standard is the "money of the
wealthy, ". as the free silver advocates
assert to awaken the prejudices of the -common
people, by the same token it is
acceptable to the poor. The wisdom of -the
present basis is seen in the fact
that individuals prefer a gold standard
dollar every time, and what is best for
individuals is best for the nation. De
troit Free Press.
The ratio of summer girls to summer
men at the seashore resorts is 16 to L
McKinley is the choice of the people.