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About The Times-herald. (Burns, Harney County, Or.) 1896-1929 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 13, 1919)
T If M TIM m-MIHAliP BPHWH, O It IB 6 w Batuntar. Hr.ptrmhtr in, 1pf, TAFT OUTLINES , . LEAGUE PLAN 'Puts It Into Plain Language Frco From Legal and Diplomatic Verbiage, in Response to Re quest. MANY ARE CONFUSED BY PRESENT DEBATE ..Danger That People Will Lose r Sight of Baslo Principles Dur ; ing Discussion of Complicated Details and Technicalities. (By ex.Pretldent William H. Taft.) Tlio plnn for n Long. to of Nn lions Ih IhinciI on a few slmpln principles, which nro not hard to undcmtniKl when llflctl out of tlictnomssnf toclmlciil discus sion iitul freed from Iccul ntul diplomatic liiui;iiiij!C. A thu one imlhprlty bent uhlo to in font tlii'Mt point without par tlFiiti Mns, ox-l'rcnltlont Taft hns licod nuked to put thu league Idea Into n few plain words for tho benefit of million of AinorkniiH who ileal ro a hot ter umliTstiinilliiir of tho plan hut find themselves confused by tho dcliato In the United Ktntcs Venule. In response to thlx tiet ho has written tho follow InK article. Purpose of the League. Tlio chief purpose of tho I.oiikuo of 'Natlonn Ik to keep tho world In a Mule of peace. Another wtiy of ex IirvssltiK It In to nay that thu leaKtiu Ifl leslcnetl to prevent warn. Wo have Just HuInIkmI tho greatest, which In to hay tho moHt horrible, of all conflict between nntlous. Wo liave won n glorious victory. Hut that victory will lie wanted wiles thin war lins inailu tho tuitions ready to jiut nsldo their dlfferencea and co operate to end war forever. It Is not enoiii.li, however, to pro vide for tho prevention of warn and tho settlement of disputes after they linvo nrlscn. Wo must foresee ca lines of trouhlo and removu them before they have reached nn acute Mage. Ilcnco there must bo provision for fro orient consultations of members of the Irtigue for oxchanuo of Information, for agreement on common pollcleM and or tho gradual formation of mien of International law which at present are uncertain and Incomplete. Tho representatives of tho great free nations which won tho war have met at I'arls and, after long continua tion, have drawn nn ngrcement which they believe will accomplish theNu rndn. At the very leant It will wet In motion great changea which will re suit In universal benefit to all man kind. This ugreemeut lu railed (ho Covenant of thu League of Nations and It Ih a part of tho pence treaty. There will bo no league worth talk Ing about, however, unless the United States Ih h member. The decision ai to whether tho United Btutca shall join rests with our Senate. The .Sena torn, chosen by the people, will la tho nd roto us tho peojilo desire. For this reason thu people themselves will lecldo whether or not thu United Ulatea will Join the league. In thin question every citizen should have a voice. IIu or she can express opinion cither by writing direct to Senator, fey letters to thu newspapers, by peecheg In his lodge or local union or In conversation with friend. Methods of Maintaining Pence, Since tho prime object of the League of Nations Is to preserve peace -and to reap (he benefits of peace let um sco how tho leaguo will operate to accomplish that purpose In the llrst alaco It will seek to re move the main causes of wur. lly thu formation of an International court It will creato u means for the peaceful settlement of disputes between na tions. Then It will seek to compel tile nations to mnku uhu of this court. Tills h nothing nioro nor less than an application of thu lules and customs governing private Individuals In civil ized communities to thu relations be tween natlouH. (Secondly, tho Leaguo will seek to re movu a great temptation to war by tho general agreement to reduce thu ftlzo of armies and navies. This will lialt the race for military and naval aupremuey which was largely respon iillilo for the war Just ended, Tho mount of armament any nation may maintain wlU bo strictly defined, Thus It wHI be Impossible for ouu country to overwhelm Its neighbor by unexpected attack, lu thu wuy that jormnny enislied Ilelglum and would iiavo crushed Franvn had not tho other democratic nutlons gone to er aid. Thu Idea Ih that each country tuny kup an army and navy large wiotigli to en able It to fulfil Its responsibilities as a member of the League, but no larger, Tho United States, for example, prob ably would be expected to keep a check on Mexico and tho state of eon Dtnnt turmoil In that country would lie taken Into consideration In deciding bow largo an army wo should need, The third Important safeguard which the League will set up Is a sys tem of ponultles. This will niiilto an outlaw of any iistJvn ov group of na tions which goes to war' lit violation f the rules of the League. The out lawed nation will be boycotted by all tho other member of tho Leaguo and will find Itself cut off from both busi ness, and social communication -with thu rest of thu world. . How It Will Prevent Ware. It Ih not claimed that the Leaguo of Natlonn will do away Willi war alio gather, ..very posslblo provision tlmt human Intelligence can devise will he mado to settle International disputes peaceably. Itut should nil these meas ures fall and two nations go to wur, this In what will happen: x If both parlies to tho dispute havo observed tho rulea of the League, tho other nations will stand back and let them fight It out. War under such circumstances Is dllllcnlt to Imagine, however, because before the angry na tions will bo allowed to light III ac cordance with the rules of llu League, mi intitii time must elapse that lu all probability their auger will cool And they will reach tin amlcablu under standing! What wo have to fear In that some nntlou will go to war In defiance of thu League, and every precaution has been taken to suppress such a nation by thu Immcdluto use of tho united power of tho other nations. If Inter national boycott failed to bring her to terms she would linvo to face a combined International army and havy. The foundcra of tho Leaguo bo Hove that thu mere possibility of such a situation will prevent any nation from violating Km agreement. Does anyone think that Germany would havo begun war five years ago If she had known tbat nearly all thu other great power would combine against her? Doing the World's Work. In addition to fettling Internutlonnl disputes peaceably thu League of Nations will provide means for doing much of thu world's work more syn tematlcally and effectively than can bu done now when each nation Is working only for Itself. Tho peoplo you know best and like best aru those who work with you on the mimo Job, It will bu thu sumo way with thu nations of thu future. Tho more they work together, the sooner they will come to understand and llku each other. Kor example, tho League will estab lish nn International organization for thu bettering of labor conditions In different countries, for thu protection of women and children and tho native Inhabitants of civilized and seml-clvll (zed countries. Ouu of (leriuuny's greatest crimes has been her barba rous treatment of the helpless people In some of her colonies. One of the chief tasks of thu League will bo to look after peoples that are not strong enough to protect themselves. Thu league will appoint commis sions to lake charge of various Inter national undertakings so that they may be carried on, not for thu benetll of any one nation, but for the heuellt of thu whole world. Provision will bo mado for promotion of fair and equal trade conditions. These are only n few of tho benefits tho world will derive from the U-aguo. As time goes on wu shall Hud more and mure tasks at which thu nations con work In common and n greater number of opportunities to remove causes which stir up Jealousies and animosities between races and people. Objections Answered. Of course we cannot hopu to make tho great changes such as tho League of Nations will bring about without opposition. Fortunately the war has taught us the great advantages of International co-operation It was only by good team work that tho free liberty loving nations were ablu to whip Germany. The treaty which the United States Semite Is debating obligates thu mem hers of thu proposed League to pro tect (ffio another against attack from enemies outside their own boundaries bent upon couipiest. Although this agreement (Article X of thu Cove nant) Is vital to any arrangement which seeks to prevent war, it has been attacked on thu ground that It would draw tho United States Into wars In various parts of thu world and forco us to send our boys to light In quarrels which did not concern us. Wo should remember, howuver, tlja (ho mala purpose of Artlclu X s,to frighten nations tempted to wars of conquest from yielding to thu tempta tion, by the certainty that they will bo crushed If (hey begin such a war by a universal boycott and a union of forces of tho world against them, If a big war breaku out again, thu United States will bo forced to luki) part In It whether wu linvo a Leaguu of Nations or not. Wo tried hard enough lo keep nut of thu war with Germany hut found wo couldn't. A littles war contrary to the League rules could ho handled by tho powers close nt hand, Certainly It would not bo necessary to send American troops to suppress an uprising In thu Unlkans when prompt action by thu armies of Italy or some other nearby powerful nation could suppress thu fracas be foro American troops could oven gut started. Qreat Gain for Small Loss. Wo hod to muku many sacrifices to win tho last war and wo mndu them willingly because wu know they were worth while. It will be thu same In a smaller dogree with a Longuo of Nations, When men form a business partnership each ono has to make concession to tho views and opinions of thu other members of the firm. Whon wo enter tho Leaguu of Natlonn wo may havo to glvo up'cor tain privileges, but thu losses will be small compared with tho prqllls, The United States will not havo to saciiflro her Independence or light t make her own decisions. He Has Ha4 His Day The council,' tho chief governing fcody of the League, c.nimt tnke action without unauliiioiis decision of Its metnbeiH and since iho United States will havo u repnetitatlvo lu tho Council our Interest will be pro tected there. We hrar It said that th'i League Is formed for the beuetlt of Great llrllalii or Japan or some other one nation. This In not true, Ail the nations will gain by It, not only thu great nations such us the United Stales, Great Hrltaln, Trance, .lapsn and Italy, but thu Utile nations which In the past have been oppressed by their I Ig neighbors. The lutcmiitloiinl court v III glvo an opportunity for the settlement of obi grlevau th which have long troubled tJie people of thu world, It bus been Mild that tin- Leaguo wilt Inlerfeiu with tho Monroe Imic trine, but the League Covenant ex pressly protects Ibiti Poctrlno. In fart, through tho Covenant the Monroe I sic trine receives recognition throughout tho world and its principles become forever established, Tho patha of advertising load but to success. Teddy tho Second does not like tho Ilolsunvlkl. Ho has adopted tho sin Kan of "Meof'F.m Head On." The strenuous efforts being made to recruit up tho regular army arn prodiictlvo of at least ono beneficial result strenuoHlty In olllclaldom. Tho recruit himself is u shy bird Just now. High cost of living? You butt Llfo is Just one expensive eat after anoth er. Tho open door to opportunity is Invariably open, but most peoplo pro fur to crawl In through tho kuyliolu. WI8B AND OT1IKUW1HK. Aliens of anarchistic tendencies nro not needed In this country. Jail or hull is the beat place for them. Knrly and provident advcrtlslnn is tho mother of bank accounts. A sweet temper and n sunny din position make any woman attractive. Facial blemishes and form defects uro seldom noticed in ono who radiates good cheer. "The world Is looking to America to roplonlsh' Ita food supplies," says a news dispatch. Of course, Thu world sits on Its pants and looks to America for ovorythliiK. It In Hio popular International pastlmu. Tho most trying featured of war aro thu learned articles from unlearned heads that flood tho country whon thu scrap Is ovur. "Tho only pearl I over found was my wife," remarked a local citizen tho other day. Can you namo him? Wo sucgest in tho Interest of econ omy, tho elimination of tho periods lu tho 11. C. L. Llfo is Just a continuous grab for ono dollar after another. And with some of us there Is nu agonizing 1 If foruneo between grabbing and gutting. 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