VOL. XVIII.
OREGON PIONEER HISTORY.
SKETCHES OF EARLY DAYS. ---MEN AMD
TIMES IN THE FORTIES.
BY 8. A CLARKE.
Cop; right applied (or. Atl rlghti roicrveJ.)
NUMDKR XIII.
AMERICANS IN 0RE00N IN 1810.
From W. II, Gray's history it appears
that six of Cnptnin Nnthnnial Wyeth's
mon remained in Oregon uftor his on
torpriBO was transferred to tho Hudson's
Bay Company. Theso wcro S. II. Smith,
sergeant, Tibbotts, a stono cutter who
camo in 1832, and James A. O'Neill, T.
J. Hubbard and Comtney 31. Walker,
who camo in 1SS1. Thoro wns also Felix
Hathaway, n sailor saved from tho wreck
of tho William and Ann.
In 1831 Ereing Young and party camo
overland from California. They woro
Etving Young, John McCarty, Wcbloy
Hawkshurst, Onrmichacl, Joseph Galo,
John Howard, Kilborn, Rrnndywinc, and
Gcrogo Winslow (colored).
By tho brig Maryland, also in 1831,
camo Capt. John II. Couch, G. W. Lo
Breton, John McOaddau and William
Johnson. An English Bailor, Itichard
McCnry, found hiB way over tho Rocky
mountains.
Thcro also arrived in 1831, connected
with the M. E. Mission, Rov. Jason Loo,
Rev. Daniol Loo, Cyrus Shcpard and P.
L. Edwards, who bocamo identified with
mission work.
Tho following poreons, who camo con
nected with Wyeth's ontcrpriso, loft tho
country : Burdct, Grccly, Bull, St. Clair
Whitticr and Brock. Moore, also of
Wyoth'a party, was killod ly tlto Black-
foct, and Turnbull died at Vancouver of
ovor eating.
In 1835 tho only arrival was Rov.
Samuel Parker, who visited and explored
Oregon for tho American Imrd of for
oign missions.
In 1830 camo Row II. Spalding and
wlfo, Dr. Whitman and wife, and W. H.
Gray, missionaries of tho Amorican
board, and Rov. Mr. Boavor, chaplain
at Vancouver. No settlors camo.
In 1837 camo Mrs. Loo, Mrs. Shcpard,
Dr. Elijah Whito nnd wife, Alanson
Bcera nnd wife, Miss. E. Johnson, W.
II. Wilson and J. Whitcomb, of tho M.
E. mission.
In another company camo Rev. H.
K. W. Perkins, Rov. David Leslie, wifo
nnd thrco daughters, Miss. Margaret
Smith, of tho samo mission.
George Gay, John Tumor and Dr.
Bailey camo ovorland in 1837 from Cali
fornia. In 1838 camo Rov. Elkanah Walkor
nnd wife, Rov. dishing Eels and wife,
Rov. A. B. Smith nnd wifo, and Mm.
Mary A. Gray, of tho Amorican board.
From tho Rocky mountains camo
James Connor and nativo wifo nnd
Richard Williams.
In 1833 Bov. F.N. Dlanchott and Rov.
Domaros located at Vancouvor and
French Prairio.
In 1S39 Rov. J. S. Griflin nnd wifo,
Asahel Munger and wifo, camo for tho
Independent Protestant mission.
Thoro nlso arrived Robert Shortens, J,
Farnam, Sydnoy Smith, Mr. Lnwson,
Rov. Ben Wright, Rov. William Geigcr,
Mr. Keizor and John E. Pcckornell, a
Bailor.
In 1810 camo Mrs. Leo, Rov. J. H.
Frost and wifo, Rov. A. F. Wallor, wifo
and children, Rev. W. W.Konoand wife,
Rev. Gustavus Hincs, wife and sister,
Rov. L. II. Judson, wifo and childron,
Rov. J. I Parrish, wifo and three chil
dron, Rov. G. P. Richards, wifo and chil
dren, Rev. 0. P. Olloy and wifo, of tho
Methodist mission, and tho following
laymen : Goorgo Abornethy, II. Camp
boll, II. B. Brewor, W. W. Raymond,
Dr. J. L. Babcock, and their families;
also, Mrs. Daniel Lee, Mrs. David Car
ter, Mis. Joseph Holman, and Miss E.
Phillips, of tho Methodist Episcopal
Protestant mission.
Of the Independent Protestant mis
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY,
sion thcro enmo in 1810 Rov. Harvoy
Clark and wifo, P. B. Littlojohn and wifo
and A. T. Smith nnd wife.
James Moore, Joseph Holman, Amos
Cooko and Francis Flolchor camo as
settlers.
Father P. G. DoSmotcamo to tho
Flathead mission, a Jesuit priest.
Rocky mountain mon then in tho
country with nativo wives woro Wm.
Craig, Robert Newell, J. L.Mcok, James
EbbottH, W. M. Dougherty, John Lari
son, Gcorgo Wilkinson, a Mr. Nicholson,
Mr. Algcar nnd Wm. Johnson, author of
"Lcni Lcoti, or tho Prairio Flowor."
Mr. Gray Bums up that in tho fall of
1S10 thcro wns in tho country thirty-six
American settlors, twenty-fivo of whom
had nativo wivos, thirty-threo Amorican
womon, thirty-two children, thirteen lay
members of Protestant mission, nine
toon ministers (thirtcon Methodist and
nix Congrogational), four physicians
(thrco American and ono English), thrco
Jcauit priests and sixty Canndian
French, making, outsido of tho Hudson's
Bay Company, ono hundrod and thirty
soven Americans nnd sixty-three Canadi
ans, including tho pr!e.t.
While Mr. Gray's history has great
valuo, it is perhaps not infalllblo in mi
nor dotnils, ns I judgo from seeing Mr.
Kilbourn, who enmo with Hilman across
tho plains, credited as coming from Cal
ifornia with Ewing Young. Kilbourn
nftcrwnrds wont to California. Ho nlso
omits A. T. Smith and wifo from arri
vals in 1839. But ho says his.cnrofully.
prepared list wns lost nnd ho wioto from
memory. Wlintovcr criticism mov bo
mndo nn to Mr. Gray's work nnd however
mnny may diner from him in opinion,
it ennnot bo denied thnt ho has secured
for tho future many valunblo facts of
great general vnluo. His writings aro
diffuse nnd lacking in continuity and
clearness, so as to embnrrns tho student
of history and dotract from tho intorcst
his work actually posscssos, apart from
tho strong projudico it displays at times.
Tho history of tho sovoral missions is
proscrvod and genornlly well written up
by tho various intorosts they represented.
I shall not attempt in theso papers to
recnpitulnto thnt history, or to tront of
ilioir doings as missions, but may oc
casionally introduced facts and incidents
if thoy como within tho purview of my
object to delineato tho life o' "Pioneer
Days." While wo shull leave to others
to toll tho history of missions, wo innv
find occasion to notice tho acts and ex
periences o( pioneer who wero also mis
sionaries. Thorn mis many who enter
tain strong prejudice against tho mis
sions established long ago in Oregon, and
who indulge in unkind criticisms, but
no such sentiment will influence theso
writings; for thoy will manifest all tho
kindness consistont with truo history
for all who woro Oregon pioncor.
OCEAN TRADE OF HUDSON'S DAY CO.
In oarlier times tho Hudson's Bay
Company had regular communication
with tho world by tho ocean highway
onco a year. Thrco sister ships weio
built expressly for their trade. Ono of
theso was always on tho way from Eng
land, another was voyaging up tho coast
and back. Thoy wero named Columbia
Vancouver and Cowlitz, and worcabout
500 tons burden. Tho ono that, camo
from England discharged her cargo of
goods, machinery, etc., and then mndo a
journey as far north as tho fur company
had trading posts. Somotimoi they
wont to tho Sandwich Islands with car
goes of lumber. Tho third year it re
turned to England, It was a throe year
voyage. Tho voyago to and from Eng
land occudicd eight months nt thnt oarly
day. Their trado with tho Russians re
quired a voyago as far north ns Sitka,
where thoy carried flour and lumber.
It was a great timo when tho ship from
Englaifd camo in. Thoro woro letters
for all then, for that was tho regular time
to hear from homo. The ship was ' duo
in tho fall, and expectation ran high
when tho time approached. All tho news
they had from homo and from tho world
deponded on their ship coming in.
In 1830 tho Denver camo out as a sail
ing vessel. Sho was rebuilt into a small
swam craft, for local' uso. She was put
together hero, and whon ready for scrvico
nn excursion wns given thnt included
nil pcoplo of distinction. It went down
tho Columbia to St. Helens, up tho
slough to tho main Willamette, thou
down tho Willnmctloand up tho Colum
bia to Vancouvor. Littlo Willio McKay
w.as a lad only 0 or 10 years old, nnd
wont on this plensnnt voyago. Ho re
collects it now as ono of tho sunniest
days in all his life; tho happiest time ho
has any memory of. Thoro wero aboard
McLoughlin, Danglar, McKinloy and
Work, and thoir families; nlso,Pambruu
Missionary Samuel Pnrkor, a companion
of Whitman, John R. Thompson of Phil
adelphia, tho ornithologist, Calvin Tib
botts, James Gorvnis, E. Lucionnd Ottcn
II. B. Emers. It was a most distinguish
od party. So tho Beaver mado hor trial
trip, and for tho first time a steam ves
sel plowed tho waters of tho Columbia
river. Tho noxt day sho towed tho ship
Columbia to tho company's saw mill, to
load lumber for tho Sandwich islands.
This was tho ocenn traffic of tho fur
company. As will bo seen, oven in 1830
thcro woro distinguished strangers in
Oregon who could bo invitod to mako
tho excursion trip on tho Bcnvor.
Tho great distanco from England nnd
tho danger of loss on tho ocean mado it
noccssary to tnku. mnny precautions
For this reason thoro wns always in store
in tho storehouses in Vancouver a full
year's supply ahead of all possiblo noeds
and requirements. Thoy had early ex
perience that taught tho need of this,
for thoy lost two vessels whon thoy had
no such surplus stock and suflerod great
ly for want of supplies. Tho ship Mary
and Ann wont nshoro on Clatsop nnd
nil hor crow woro murdered by tho Clat
sop Indinns. Wo hnvo described them
as murderous nnd treacherous, and tbon
thoy proved it by tho murder of tho crew
and tho stealing of all tho goods as tho
ship broko up. A boat load of tho crow
safely got oshoro to bo murdorcd bv
theso fionds. That occurred about 1830.
In 1835 tho ship Isabella went nshoro on
tho middle sands or wui lost on tho bar.
Both theso cargoes woro nearly a total
loss. Much stuff was pinked up by tho
Indians and tho company eavod n littlo.
So thcronfter thoy laid in supplies for
one year in advance of their nrode. It
seems sad thnt theso hipj, as so mnny
havo dono flinco then, mado tho voynco
half round the world to lay their bones
on Clat6op bocch and on Columbia bar.
Whoexlns la Pis.
Tanoent, Or. Apr. 10, 1830.
Kdltor WilUmette Farmer
Do you know what will euro my pig.
Ho whecica and has n stoppago in tho
head? J. E. Ji:.vkh.
Nori:--Your pig has ovidontly got n
cold or elso a sligh derragomont in tho
throat. You will find that sulphcr mixed
with tho feed is good. Uso your judgo
niont of tho quantity. Ed.
Eoware or Violent Pargattves.
Tako Simmons Livor Rcjiulator in
nniall doses until you find just how much
will suit your enso. It enn bo taken
with perfect safety by tho oldost nor-
son or tho youngost child, and nil those
whoso systems havo become debilitated.
.Mothors may gtvo it to their children
with tho utmost confidence in its enfety
and cflicaoy.
"I hnvo novcr soon or tried huoIi a
simplo efficacious, satisfactory and ploau-
am remedy in my nioas niinmons Livor
Rogulntor. J I. Haixek, St. Louis, Mo.
It is difficult for a mother to koop hor
boys from acquiring a tasto for liquors
or tobacco, if tho fathor indulges in them.
Wo advise euch to got a good school
Physiology, and in connection with this
atudy somo sciontifio work which tench
es plainly nnd exactly tho oflectB of those
poisons on body and mind. Get books
that have plenty of cuts to appeal to tho
eye, nnd study them carefully with your
children.
APRIL 1, 188CJ.
INSECTS AND THEIR ENEMIES.
Tho Relations or tho .Fanner Thereto. -How
thoy Originate and How to Doposo Them.
11V V. 8. MATTE80.W
Flies: A country proverb says: "Fllos
liko dirty people." I prcsumo bocauso of
tho abuudnnco of food nnd breeding fa
cilities nflbrded them. The houso-fliea
tloposit thoir eggs in nil kinds of mnnuro
whero it is Bufllciontly warm nnd moist.
From tho egg hatches a white maggot,
which lives for a timo upon tho mnnuro
juice.-', goes into chrysalis form nnd
comes forth n perfect lly to join with his
fellows in being n nuisnnco about tho
houso. Sovoral broods nro produced in
ono season, and tho Inst brood, in tho
fall, hybcrnntos in tho chrysalis until
spring. Tho lly is a Bcnvcngor, but his
powor to mako himself n nulsanco iB
greater than his usofulnoss in removing
offonsivo mnttor. Ho procures his food
by suction, nnd imbibos only liquids.
Dry substances ho moistons with saliva,
and sucks oir what ho can thus obtain.
His food is greatly diversified and nearly
ovcrything ho finds about tho houso ho
partakes of. Ho is particularly fond of
Hwects, nnd ndvnntago is thus takou of
him with sweetened solution of arsenic.
An unsafe prnctico.
Various dovica nro resorted to to rid
houses of his undcsirnblo prosonce. Be
sides poisons n vnrloty of "fly traps,"
mostly constructed on tho mntrimoninl
principlo of bring onsy to got into nnd
hard to got out, nro used with indifferent
success, lib' Tuny bo "prolty ofleclually
oxcludcd from tight rooms by tho uso
of wire Kcroons nt doom and windows,
but thoso nro bothcrsomonndoxpousivo.
A dovlco I hnvo tried thnt is cU'ectual, if
no' "tony," is to tako a largo bunch of
nsparagiiB tops, whon thoy aro well
branched out, nnd hang up in tho center
of tho coiling, Evory fly in tho room
will go on it to roost. In tho early
morning put n thimbleful of gun-powder
on a picco of paper, sot tho edgo on
fire and by tho othor odgo hold under
tho asparagus protty oloso up. When
tho powder flashes it will burn oil' tho
wings of ovory fly. Swoop them out
doors and that lot is done for. Rupont
daily; tho fly hns many cuomics. A great
many of the wild bird eat hi u ; toads,
frogs, hornets, wnsps and spider help to
thin him out; pigs nnd fowls ro.a and
scratch over manure and eat him in tho
lnrvie nnd chrysalis, and tho ducks nnd
turkeys gobblo him at ovory opportuni
ty. At farm housoi prevention is a go id
remedy. Lot tho farmer haul out his
manure and spread it upon lliu field
ovory fall and spring, nnd thus obtain
benefit of iucronsod crop nnd decreased
flios.
Tho blow fly (llosh fly, bluo-bottlo fly)
differs from tin houso fly In his turgor
sizo, brightor col r, nnd subsisting and
depositing eggs for nniinnl substnnccs
usually putrid. If he would only con
fine himself to putrid llosh ho would be
deomod usoful nnd receive n voto of
thanks, but ho prefers to ho obnoxious
and execrated. Ho lovos fresh moat,
and after sucking all tho juieo they oau
hold the fumnlo lays her eggs upon the
moat, which in thrco or four days be
come maggots ami feed upon tho meal
juices, and in eight or ton days they are
grown and retire into tho earth or other
moist cool hiding place to undergo their
transformation and como forth perfect
flies. They probably hybornato in the
ground in winter in the chrysalis, but I
don't know.
Tho only practical rmncdy is to koop
meat away from him, or him away from
meat, by eorcouH, smoke, darkness, etc.
Ifo is subject to tho samo onomios as the
house-fly, but not Iteing ho prolific is not
so numerous.
If thoso urtiolc. woro illustrated with
prints of tho various insects describod
much information would be easily nnd
quickly convoyed, ronderlng different
spocicoi readily recognizable that
words cm givo only in long tedious and
unsatisfactory description for which I
NO. 10.
havo not spneo. Yet I hopo, with brlof
doscription, to render tho booties, of
which I shall treat, rendily rccogniznblo
by thoso unacquainted with thorn.
Tho booties (in tho vornaculnr "bugs")
nil havo ono distinguishing character
istic, that of having horny covers for
thoir wings. Tho click-booties (snap
ping bugs) havo n peculiar mechanism
in thoir nooks, by whioh thoy can, whon
turned on their backs, spring into tho
nir usually alighting on their foot. Thoy
also snnp ns if thoy would brenk thoir
necks when cnught nnd hold. Theso
nro parents to tho wiro-worm, n whilo
or yellowish worm an inch and a half
long nnd ns big around nn n darning
noodle, nnd tnporing off nt both ends.
His skin is smooth and hnrd, ho hns no
legs or feet, and lives In tho ground nnd
lives upon roots of plants. I am more
particular in this description as I lately
saw tho millipodo described and illustra
ted as a "who worm." Whilo tho mllli
pedo is harmless, oating only dead nnd
decaying vogotntion, tho wiroworm cats
tho living roots of many cultivated
plants and is injurious according to its
numbers.
Tho wiro-worm winters in tho ground,
and is aotlvo nil wintor, and undergoes
his changes and comes out a porfect
bug, in spring. I know nothing as to
where tho click-bootlo lays hor eggs, or
how many, or how long it takes thorn
to hatch ; but I think there aro two, if
not thrco broods during n season ; and
thoroforo ono click-bootlo killed, is equal
to several hundrod wiro-worms dos
troyod. I havo no remedy to suggost,
except to encourage tho insect eating
birds, and thus provont thoir increase
I mako it a point, whilo working
among my berry plants or nursory stock,
to kill ovory wiro-worm, out-worm, or
chlek-bootlo that I como across ; espec
ially at this RoaBon of tho yoar, whon
nuo killed moans sovoral hundred less
liter on. And a fow dayB ago I killed a
cut-worm in tho body of which woro flvo
or six larviu of some sort of parasite, of
tho sizo and npponranco of smnll mag
goto. This is tho first instanco I havo
observed of this, and I hnvo failed, nftor
some dilllgeuco, to find anolhorjbut it
proves thnt thoro is a cut-worm para
site enemy with in. May ho increase
Tho I'fln-wovil is nn Oregon institu
tion, and "buggy poa" nro a rulo with
very few exceptions. Twonty-flvo yearn
ago, it va unknown here, and bounto
oils anil profitable crops of poas woro
raNed on every hand.
Hut the littlo brown bug is too much
for the Oregon farmer, nnd tho jwa as n
fluid crop, is nb.iudoiied. Tho poa-wevll
is n Hort of mi Intermediate betweou n
bug nnd a fly, but will best class with
tho bugs. Ho is threo-sixtoouths of an
inch long, and of a brown, or blaoklsh
grey color. Ho propagates in tho young
poa while it is growing in tho pod. Tho
female thrusts her ovipnilor into tho
pea through tho pod, and deposits hor
egg, one in each pen, just under tho
rind. Tho ogg hatches nut a littlo white
worm which is fat and plump at greon
pea timo, and tho good pooplo of Salem
probably eat a half bushel of them every
summer. Tho worm lives in tho poa,
subsisting upon its substance, eating out
homeroom for himself, and under going
his transformations, ready to como out
a perfect insect in tho spring, and bo on
hand to perpotuato hlm-elf when young
peas are ready ugain. No local remedy.
Homo tny that pons planted nftor Jho
first of Juno will escape tho hug; but
that is unsatisfactory, as Ien8 planted at
that Into season, usually fail to mako u
profitable corp. Tho Japan pea, (called
also wedge-pea,) is bug proof,nndngood
pea not only for tho pens, but ns liny j
but it uppenrs to bo undeservedly neg
looted.
Tho damago to Oregon fnrmors by tho
loss of this crop is vory groat. What n
blowing it would bo now, during tho
present depression, if tho farmor could
raiso pens as of old. Rut ho is helpless.
This "army of occupation" holds undis
puted possession of tho torritory it has
overcome, with no probability of ovneu
ation or dislodgmont.
To t continued