WW
VOL. XVI.
Ihirluc tlieao llnnl Tlmtt tlio tendency to re
trench ti try itrong and try proper. Let the tanner
alk hlmiclt, howo'rr, II Im con afford to illtpcme
with the onl) journal In the Stato tint ticlongi to Mm
ami rcprcicnt hit Intcrcitt? Tlilttcen cara nio c
purchaicd tlioWiLLAMmr. FaRMFR mullnietteil In It
all our meanj Mid tho beat jcnriol levcnl llui. Can.
ilJcr, frlcnJi, whether It U not more rciuonablo at thli
time, (when ou know liov hard tho time, muit pinch
tho pnhlliherot jour own Journal) to. go out ami col
lect a imall club ot new iiibicrlben M tho low price
ottered rather than thloV of "pconomlilriK" by tloln.t
ultliout tho icnlctaot friend of audi Ion eundlnjf.
orrcomlcncr.
NASAL OLtET.
Saijsi, Or., Eob. .'), 1885.
Editor Willametto farmer:
Agrecablo to promise 1 will give your
readers tho cause nnd symptoms of tlio
Nnsnl Gloot in horses that is 'destroying
a number of lsorscs in our Stnto. My
nttontion is called to nn article published
in the Faumek, partly describing tho
disoneo, giving tho semiology or symp
toms of tho disease But I will endeav
or to givo tho etiology, pathology nnd
semiology, eo Hint tho rendor can have a
better understanding of tho question.
Semiology. First stngo tlicro will bo n
general dullness nnd stupidity como
over tho animal; the facial sinews will
becomo clogged, inflamation in iU first
stngo lias arrcstod itho secretion that is
usual in health; thoro is also lots of
appetite. The nasal membranes nro
hot, dry, nnd sometimos tumefied.
Thoro mny bo nlso symtomntic fover,
with chills or rigors, nnd n hard pulso
with dilllcult (nonfiling. Xoxt comes
tho moist stngo when thoro is n discharge
from tho nostrils of n thin character,
gonorally attended by sneezing nnd
moro or less weeping from the eyes.
After a lnpo of few days tlio discharge
will chango to thick creamy fluid,
which chows puea has been formed and
mixed with tho nbnoimnl secretion. At
this stngo of tin dweaso it yields vory
readily to medicinal ngontR. But not if
allowed to go on to tho second stngo or
tho chronic form of catarrh. It is now
called nasal gleet. Symptom. In tho
majority of cases thoro is an irregular
dischargo of a muco-puruient puee of a
very offensive smoll from ono or both
nostrils. If from ono nostril only it is
indicative of thn sinews of that sido only
nro affected, This dischargo will nlso
vary vory much in its quality, according
to tho nnturo of tho malady, tho tin ra
tion of tho disease nnd tho structuro
that may bo involved. Tho sub-maxil-lary
glands will bo tumified, but loose
in tho cellular bod ; or, on tho other
hand, hard nnd ndhnrant to tho pcri
ostrumof tho jaw; tho eye on tho side
of tho hend affected will look quito dim,
and tho uppor lid will very often droop
n littlo nnd thoro may bo a rough appear
anco of tho hair ovor tho part affected.
The animal's broath from the nostril of
tho sido diseased will bo very offensive,
indicating disease- of tho bono or moro
or less decomposition of tho matter con
tained theroin. Tho power of mastica
tion may bo moro or loss wanting, n de
fect which points to tho teeth. If tho
disease is of long standing nnd tho sin
ews full of puss, or tho diseaso peculiar
in its nature, there will bo moro or less
enlargement ovor tho nffected sinows ;
or, if tho diseaso bo of nn inflammatory
nature, thero will be pain nnd perhaps
pitting of tho parts upon pressuro and
tho submaxillary or temporal nrteriea of
tho sido nffected may throb moro or
less. Theso symptoms are diagnostic of
disease of tho sinows of tho head, and
nro I think, sufficient to induce the prac
titioners to seek for tho precise cause
which has produced them (Varnell).
When tho sinews, pr a division of them
are filled with puss percussion npplied to
the outer walls, will cause a dull sound
to be emitted, and by comparing tho
sound of the sido affected with tho
healthy ono a distinction can be drawn
that will bo of material assistance to
correct diagnosis. In some instances
there will be a bulging outward of the
ifeiyi' Thi iLiyvi!rviitf1 'ifoo '(
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY (J, 1885.
banes over tho Bpot rontnining tho puss.
Tlio causes of nr.snl gleet aro numer
ous, among which nnsalcalnrrh or cold
in tho tlrst stages is vory common with
young horses that nro for tho first timo
brought from fiesh pnaturonnd put in
hot,filthy,iIly ventilated stnblos. Tho hot
nnd foul air in such stables causes irri
tntlon nnd iuflnmntion of tho delicate
muscles of tho nostrils nnd other nir
pnssnges. Cntnrrh often results from
exposure totho rnin nnd sudden changes
of temperatures during spring nnd fall.
Also by putting horses to uuusunl hard
work after which they nro stabled as
nbovo stated. Tho nbovo is tho most
common cnuso of nasal gleet, hut it
may nrriso from numerous other causes
such ns external injuries, carries of the
upper molars, diseaso of tho superior
maxilla, from olongated inferior inolnr
tooth, nlvcnlor abccBses, hyperthrophy
of tho fangs of tho teeth, of ditenscsof
tho fncinl loues, nnd of cnlcnrious con
cretions in tho submaxillary sinews and
from Wood clotB in n state of decompo
sition. In homed cattle and sheep from
tho lodgement of the Inrvcn of cstrus
bo vis.
Xnsnl gleet is not contagious ns a
grout many think, for I linvo known of
horses to nffectod to work nlongsido of
other hones for over n year nnd yet they
necr contracted tho diseaso. It will,
however, finally degenernto Into tho
glanders by neglect. It is nlu'.ost as
badns glanders in ono gensoof tho word,
ns an animal so affected for n long timo
is worthless to work nnd is in mot cases
incurablo without incurring consider
ablo expense.
I will any, nlso, that farmers having nn
nnimnl .villi a chronic dischargo from
tho nostrila, should havo it isolutod from
contact with other animals and nil
blanket!, combs, brushes mid pnils used
in cleaning, feeding nnd watering, bo
kept from others until they nro Mitisfiod
of tho naiuro of tho trouble, and if it
should U) glanders havo it destroyed at
onco and either burn or bury deep in
tho ground nnd disinfect tho stable
thoroughly, whitewash cvory thing and
rcplaco tho mangers by now ones. I
would nlso adviso tho stockment to bo
careful about employing men that aro
travolingovcr tho country and claiming
to bo vcterinerjr surgeons, for whenever
you seo a mnii that hns to tnko to tho
road, hunting hero and thero for sonio
poor animal to .doctor, you can put him
down ns n man who don't understand
veterinary science. A good doctor can
locnto in any small town nnd work up n
good business in discuses detrimental to
our domesticated animals.
In our far nwny now country qualified
practitioners nro but few, nnd within
reach of but n few, and in tho absence
of a good practitioner tho best treat
ment is to pay particular attention to
tho comfort and wants of tho horso in
regnrd to diet, comfortablo clothing,
bandaging the legs if cold, laxativo food
(if costive) such ns grass, roots, bran
mash, cooked food with n cool (if in tho
summer) airy box stall, with plenty of
clean dry bedding, Givo no medicine
unless first knowing what you nro giving
it for, as no medicine will occupy neu
tral ground, and will either do good
or harm- Therefore, givo no medicine
but let nnturo do its own repairing nnd
you will euro moro sick horses by so do
ing than if you had a complete drug
store at your hand.
Not wishing to tako up too much of
your vnluablo spaco I will close this
alreeady too long article, with a promise
to givo you at somo future timo nn
article on glanders. Yours,
C. W. Jeffreys, V. S,
FENCE OR NO FENCE.
Futro.v, Or., Jan. 1st. 1885.
Editor Willamette Farmer s
Through tho columns of your much
esteemed paper I desire to call tho at
tention cf tho Honerablo Legislature to
tho subject of Fence Legislature.
This is a subject of much importance J
to great numbers of our citizens, direct
ly nnd seriously affecting their rights
nnd interests, especially of those who
havo lecontly settled upon the prairies
of Eastern Oregon rcmoto from timber.
In order that wo may moro fully realize
tlio extent, fertility nnd agricultural im
portance of this region, wo have but to
consider that it is much tlio larger pro
portion of the State, containing territory
enough to mako a State larger than
many of the older commonwealths, nnd
embracing choico farming land- with nil
tho necessary natural conditions of soil
nnd climnto for ninny tlioiisauds of hap
py homes. Theso lands will compare
favornblo with thoso of "Westorn Ore
gon, in fertility, producing good yield
and quality, not only of grass and grain
but also of fruits nnd vegetables nnd
general farm crops on high rolling
prairio without irrigation ; nnd where,
but a fow years ago, it was considered al
most n bnrron waste, fit only for stock
to grnzo upon.
This region is boiug settled nnd im
proved by a clans of people most of
whom nro poor in purr, but are intelli
gent, industrious nnd enterprising, of
ten enduring hardships nnd privations
littlo though of or coinprehondcd by
well-to-do peoplo. In tho faco of strong
opposition nnd great hindcrnncc, legal
nnd otherwise (fence law Includod)
thousands of people hnvo settled in this
country upon land which, prior to their
advent, could not have boon sold for fif
ty cents nn acre. Each succeeding step
in its dovolopomcnt has been mot by
-this Mine oposition nnd by tho report
Clint tho land, for tho purposes of culti
vation, was worthless. Tho settler pro
meted in his offort to mako him n homo
here. Tho result has becu to increnso
tlio value of these lands many hundred
prr cont. in somo ensci changing hands
at twenty nnd thirty dollars per acre
nnd over ; nlso to canto the lands to
yield thousands of tonsof grain nnd other
products, for market as well as for
homo use. To build up village mid
towns of considorablo mportancc, with
their business nnd tindes of various
kind', tlsoir rouunorco nnd transjwrtn
tions, nil indirectly nffected by what di
rectly nuects tho fnrnicr. If ho prospers
nnd hns much to sell thoro is much to
transport nnd ho can buy much of tho
merchants, vc, nnd nil prosper. If ho
has littlo or nothing to sell thero is littlo
or nothing to transport, tlicro is littlo or
no traffic with tho niurchnut, nnd nil
suffer. Thoy nro tho hard-handed till
ers of tho soil who feed nnd support
earth's hungry millions, onrich n Stnto
nnd aro civilized man's great depend
aucc. A farther effect of the settlement of
tho country hns lwon to provo beyond n
reasonable doubt that tho vast rolling
plains of Eastern Oregon aro destined to
bo used for ngriculturnl purposes, nnd
aro capnblo of maintaining an addition
al populntion of mnny thousands, nnd
adding many millions of dollars to tho
wealth of tho State.
It is in behnlf of such interests ns
theso that the nttontion of tho Lcgisln
turo is now sought.
This people's great legislative need is
tho ropeal of an oppressive statutory
fenco law, which was probably passed
with an enormous idea of tho character
of this country; new developemcnts nnd
a new order of things require a new
rule.
This now law should be repealed or
modified :
1st. Becauso its rcqurcinents aro un
reasonable and impracticable to a largo
number of our citizens.
2nd. Because it discriminates against
somo classes of ponons and property
and favors others.
:)rd. Because it is financially bad
property. J. D. HroNi:. .
"William Johnson, a farmer, who was
recently shot by a desperado called Tang
Smith, died of hU wound. Smith runs
loose and no one U anxious to arrest as
be is well armed.
Rail Road Farco.
sk-io, Eeb. 2, lc-85.
Editor Willamette Farmer!
In the efforts of tho Legislature to
regulate rates nnd fares on railroads
tho first thing to bo done is to fix a
babis or standard to guldo them, and
every railroad would have to lie ruled
by tho percentage of piofit on the costs
of construction and operation, nnd if it
were to bo left to the average votes I
fear that tho percentage allowtd would
bo rather small.
Hut ny that wo allow live per cent,
over operating expenses, would not the
Stnto insist on a plan of operation that
would equalize the benefits of tho rail
ronds ns much ns possible nnd to gain
that object would make nearly n uni
form price regardless of distance.
Tho complaint of discrimination
would bo made against tho State, and
concessions would hnvo to be made to
points independent of tho railroads, ns
the gicator amount of busincHs done,
tho cheaper it could bo done collectively.
Tho farmers of Lnno county would claim
that they could raise wheat no cheaper
than near (icrvnis, nnd if thoy had
legislntivo inflncnco would enrry thoir
demand into effect.
They could legislnto imjediinciit on
tho river so ns tomnko"thn short hauls,"
help to pay for "tho long hauls," Irro
sjiectivo of tho justice of it, nnd tho
snmo features would exist if tho Stnto
owned tho roads. 11. 1'knti.ani.
8ujar Eeets and their Growth.
DeI'AKTMKKT AoillWl.TUKK. "
Was.iiim.ton, I). G, Jan. Ill.i
Editor Willametto Farmers
At tho suggestion of fc'onator J X.
Dolph, I would llko to say it word to
nny of your readers who nro interested
in tho culture of tho sugar beet
Lately I have made n study of tho
sugar licit industry in California mid
find the conditions of soil and climnto
favornblo to beet culture. I beliovo that
in Oregon and Washington Territory,
these couditiousnro equally as favorable.
I hopo soon to make n careful inxesti-
gallon of tho soil mid limale
of the Northwest Pacific toast
with cqwial reference to establish
ing an indigenous sugar industry there.
To this end I should like to have a
number of farmers in that region try
experiments in beet culture.
IJy adducing Hon. Geo. I). Luring,
Commissioner of Agriculture, Washing
ton, J). 0. packngo of licet seed will Ihj
sent to all who desire them.
A postal card sent to me will also
secure h copy of my .rcpu.i '
sugar bctt in Calisornin an soon n
published.
I am suro that tho possibility of
building iii a new and profitable agri
cultural industry in the Northwest will
bo enough to interest progressive farmers
in tho enterprise. Respectfully.
II. AW Win: v.
Chief Chemist U. S. Dipt, of Agri
culture. Oooieberrles
Salmi, Or., Jan. 21, J6oT.
Editor Willametto Farmeri
I haohad a great deal of experience
in growing goosebcrriis. Years ngo I
grew only tho English goohclHrry.
Having tried some ten or fifteou kinds
I with much reluctance had to dig them
up and burn them. Thoy all mildewed
and a fungas tough substanco grow
over tho whole berry. After discarding
them, ono by one, for years, at last I sent
for tho Iowa Red. This was small
healthy, not productivo nor of largo
growth in bush. I tried Downing,
Houghton, Smith nnd somo others, but
even their American sorts mildewed
somo seasons. I concluded this was a
bod climnto for gooseberries. Finally
I got on tho boat and went down to East
Portland and purchased, of that excel
lent nursery innn, Mr, rrettyman, ono
NO. 52
dozen of his Champion gooseberry. "I
struck it rich."
I hnvo grown it for uonio years, it
"pans out big." It is healthy, vigorous,
and cnoriuouscly pioduetive. Tho ber
ry is largo nnd of good quality. I es
teem it highly.
Tho new ncqusition "Industry" goose
berry of Kllwanger and Barry, Booh
ester N. Y., is now receiving a big push
as being "all we want in n gooscborry."
It is n foreign root, but is claimed to do
admirably, is vigorous large, immenso
yiclder and does not mildew. Well,
that may ho so there, hero it may mildew.
Who will try it? Somebody must. I
suppose I may as well test It iih not.
The Champion, with me, is worthy;
and I'll grow it till I find something
hotter. Worms nro becoming injurious
having holos in tho berries causing them
to rot. Thero is a worm nlso that cats
in tho roots nnd kills the plant. It
ficcms, therefore, nn over watchful busi
ness to grew gooseberries, or indeed nny
kind of small fruits.
Annual pruning, good land, plenty of
manure nnd culture ; kill tho worms and
you will havo Champions sure.
A.F. I)AVU)ON.
Onions.
Sai.iim, Or., Jan. 20, 1885.
Editor Willamette Farmeri
Thero nro used or sold In tho Salem
markelH every year fully 2000 bushels of
dry onions, nnd the most of them nro
shipiwd hero either from near Portland
or from California. "Why not produco
them hero; very lino onions grow nny
whero if good seed is sown on properly
prepared ground. And littlo enro tnkon
of them while growing keeps them clean
of weeds, and thoy certainly pay much
better then wheat. If ono i'h going to
coiumcwc growing onions, who knows
untiling of their culture, it is better to
procuro n treatise on "onion growing," ns
well as consult with Fomo one who litis
had Home experience in this line, and
got somewhat posted beforo commenc
ing operations, mid when onco begin
stick to it nnd don't neglect it to attend
something else, then say thoro is n.i pro
fit in it. I fr one am going to raiso u
few this year, for tho Salem market, if I
don't fail. Who else will seo what thoy
can do. I)i:vn:it Fiki.h.
Weather Report for January, 1888,
Eou, February 1, 1885.
I-Mitor Willametto Farmeri
During Jan., 1S8S, thero worn I'Jilayn
during which ruin and snow fell, nnd
nn nggregnti) of 1. 1(1 Inches of water,
1 clear, 7 fair and 1 1 cloudy days other
than thoso on which rain fell.
T'h- tnnnn temperature for tho month
wasilti.OMltg.
Higheit daily mean tcnqcmtuto foi
the mouth, .12 deg. on tho IlOth.'
Iiwcrt daily mean temperature for the
mouth, 27 ileg. on the loth.
.Mean temperature for tho mouth at
2 o'clock l'. M., 10.01 deg.
Higheit temperature for tho month, 02
nt 2 I. Ji. on tho .'liNt.
I.ouet temperature for tho mouth, 21
deg. at 0 I-. M. on tho lht.
Frost occurred from thn 21st to tho
28th inchihUe.
Tho prevailing winds for tho inontn
were from tho noith during 21 days,
south 0 days, bouth-wont 10 days.
During Jan., 1881, thoro wcro 10 rainy
days and IMfi inchos of water, 11 clear,
nnd fl cloudy days.
Mean temperature for tho month,
30. ill deg.
Highest daily mean tcnicraturo tor
tho mouth, 51 deg., on tho 1th. .
lowest daily mean temperature for
tho month 28 dog. on 21th.
T.'Pkaucb.
An Italian fish dealer was arrested for
selling mountain trout, but ho bent for
nnothor lot and thoy wcro caught in
Pugot Sound, twenty miles below
Tocoma whero thoy tako theo fish in a
Bcino together with smelt, herring, cod
and bounders. Not much mountain
trout there.
;