VOL. XIV.
BUSINESS OPENINGS AND OPPORTUNITIES.
In a review of the general characteristics
and advantages of Eastern and Western Ore
gon and Washington, we have shown that
while the country cast of the Cascade range
offers inducements to a farming and pastoral
population, as it lies in a measure open for the
plow, that the western region, with its differ
ent climate and much of its area heavily tim
bered, also possesses great resources, 'that en
title it to be in time the seat of immense
wealth and prosperity of an enduring nature.
This journal naturally views this great field,
newly developing, with an eye to agricultural
advantages, and as calculated to invite and
support a farming population, but we propose
now to consider the inducements that exist
here for the fostering of all business enter
prises and manufacturing interests, as well as
the field that lies open for the investment of
capital in the development of our great na
tural resources.
TRADE OPENINGS.
Of course, it does not need to be said that
the settling up of new districts, and the con
struction of additional railroad lines, create
openings for trade continually. This retail
trade is supplied from wholesale houses in
Portland and Walla Walla. The opportunity
for business enterprise includes the establish
ment of wholesale houses at suitable potuts,
down to the opening of retail stor.s in the
remote districts of a country that possesses
more territory than the six New England
States and New "York and Pennsylvania all
combined, lucre is no portion of our conti
nent that to-day offers greater rewnids for in
vestment ot business capital.
COAL AND COAL USD.
Taking a more comprehensive view of our
dormant resources, it is apparent that capital
can find here a wide field for speculative in
vestment. This is not particularly advisable,
so far as the people heie arc concerned, but
reviewing the situation we see that such ia
the fact. A milling concern on Puget Sound
is said to have millions of capital. It owns
immense mills; has a fleet of ships to carry
the lumber these mills make, and has secured
perhaps a hundred thousand acres of the best
timber land adjacent to tho Sound. This is
only one company. Take the coal lands along
tho Sound: These are of immense extmt and
not practically located, but already some of
the greatest capitalists of the nation are secur
ing inteicsts in them and running branch rail
roads to develope them. The Villard interest
has secured much of these lands, is already
mining coal of good quality extensively, and
has heavy steam colliers engaged in carrying
coal to the markets of the Columbia river and
California. The coal fields of the Sound coun
try aro not by any means definitely located;
coal exists all along the coast of Oregon and
Washington, and probably of equal extent
and value along the Willamette, Umpqua and
Rogue River valleys; also an excellent quality
of coal is shown in this city, from near Hepp
ner, in Umatilla county, east of the Cascade
range. .We cite these facts to show that while
capital is on the jlti vive it has not by any
means exhausted the opportunity.
DEPOSITS OP IRON ORE.
Take the iron interest: Certainly any com
pany, with sufficient capital and experience,
that would commence manufacture of steel
and iron rails, and manufacture of iron gener
ally, suited to the needs of the Pacific region,
must succeed. There will be cheap Chinese
labor for the common woik, and skilled labor
can be brought here; we have illitiinate forests
to yield charcoal, and coal mines are almost
contiguous to the iron beds on the Sound,
while limestone, to use as a flux, also abounds
there. The iron worker has in his favor the
protective tariff, and the heavy freight charge
on all iron brought here, and it would seem
that this ought to lecure success for the man
ufacturer who comeB properly equipped for
the work.
SIllFBUILDINll.
Shipbuilding is successfully inaugurated on
Coos Bay, as well as at Puget Sound, and
whatever advantage the possession of the best
forests of ship timber give, we have an excess
of quantity, aud at practically no cost. If
wooden vessels can be made available in com
merce, then our western bays and harbors in
vite shipbuilders from Maine and Nova Scotia
to come here and .commence work under ad
vantages, such as Maine and Nova Scotia
never knew. We could recite the achieve
ments made and swift voyages accomplished
by ships built here, if it was necessary, but
the shipbuilder can appreciate the situation
from what we have' said, and can see, also;
that instead of having to make a five months'
voyage to come here for a cargo, the new ship
would find a good charter for a w heat freight
to Europe, waiting its completion.
WOODEN WAKE.
The world uses an immense quantity of
wooden ware, and our vast forests offer an op-
pirtuuity, in conncctfon with our abui.dan'.a
and convenient water powers, to establish
factories on a large scale, and furnish, such
wares to the world at large. Wo have won
dered that such an enterprise was not com
menced here long ago. On the Sound we hear
of a stave factory that does a great business,
which is carried on by San Francisco capital
Hoop poles, also, are abundant; the manufac
ture of barrels could be made an immense
business, and the product shipped to all parts
of the world. Our woods consist of pine,
cedar, ppruce, fir, tamarck, hackmetuck,
hemlock, oak, alder, maple, balm or cotton-
wood, ash, and still other varieties, in great
abundance. Our uhe, oaks, maples, myrtles,
and laurels, aro among tne most beautiful of
woods used for furniture. We havo three fac
tories in or near this city that turn out furni
ture of beautiful design, much of it made from
native woods, and sash, blinds and doors, etc.,
are made throughout the w hole region from
pir.c, cedar and other woods.
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY.
This country imports enormous shipments
of wagons, carriages and agricultural ma
chinery, while we also have growing establish
ments that make carriages, wagons, plows,
etc., using Eastern hickory for carriage at.d
wagon work. The success of these estab
lishments proves that whenever a great estab
lishment shall start here for manufacture of
agricultural machinery on a large scale, it will
be a success. We have all the timber neces
sary fir making plow beams and every part of
cultivators, reapers, harvesters and threshers;
our iron of home manufacture is equal to the
best Swedes or Norway. It is not possible,
with native woods at such tniall cost, and iron
of such quality, home-made, that such a man
ufactory, on the largest scale, could not be
made to succeed by using our domestic pro
ducts, and be kept successfully at work to
supply the harvest fields of this coast. There
would be ample protection in the heavy
freight charpe, and a loyal spirit would induce
our farmers to welcome and sustain tuch an
enterprise.
HIDES AND LEATHER
California tanners have put an end to our
manufacture of leather, almost entirely, by
discriminating against us in sale of leather.
Now, nearly all our hides are sent to San
Francisco, and they sell them back to us as
leather. Here is a great opening for a tanner
with enterprise, and money to back it. Hides
sell here at the rates we quote in our price
current. A tannery, on a largo teale, well
conducted would be a success, and connected
with a boot and bIioo factory, would be a still
greater success. As it is, we import harness
leather for the use of our harness makers, for
that is a branch of manufacturing that is ex
tensively and successfully carried on. Abut
the only tannery of any extent, in the coun
try now, is at Astoria. Its proprietors carry
on the manufacture of boots and shoes with it,
and have had to enlarge their business of late
years to supply the increasing demand for
their goods.
WOOL AND WOOLENS.
Woolen manufacture has had fair success
here for many years, and as we grow ten mil
lions of pounds of excellent clothing wool
(medium grade Merino,) it would be possible
for a large woolen factory to procure, at pi line
cost, wools of the leveral qualities needed to
sustain any ordinary business. The Oregon
City mills, under close management and using
Chinese labor to some extent which is tract
able, leliable and efficient, and obtainable
when white labor sometimes cannot be had
is successful and finds a market through the
Pacific States, and as far East as Montana,
Colorado, Utah and New Mexico. This con'
cern makes up a great deal of clothing of all
kinds, and so workb up a trade under all pos
sible advantages. There are excellent water
pow era to be had on the line of Willamette
Valley railroads, and an experienced iranufac
turer will find capital here ready to assist him
if he can show that he has experience, and
capital of his own that has been made in that
business.
(LAX AND LINENS.
Thin country is as naturally adiptcd to flax
culture as Ireland, and its flax sent back to
.Belfast factories is .pronounced of the best
fiber. We have an oil mill that manufactures
linseed oil at a profit, and also have a twine
factory at Albany that works up the fiber, but
the time is to come when the growing of flax
and manufacture of linen will be at distinct a
business as it is in the North of Ireland. Our
climate and soil produce a fiber of such qual
ity that'it can be woven into delicate fabrics.
At the Mechanic's Fair, held in this city last
fall, Mr. Molwn showed a rope-making ma
chine in full operation. We should produce
the hemp and jute here to make what rope
and cord we require, and to supply the mil
lions of bags needed to convey our grain and
vegetables to market.
PORTLAND, OREGON, FRIDAY, MARCH 31, 1883.
WHEAT AM) FLOUR.
Our country abounds in water privileges
that arc convenient to water ways or railways,
and offer every convenience to those who need
cheap power to drive machinery; which fact
must be borne in mind by all who contem
plate entering upon an industrial career in this
region. East of tho mountains there are sites
for the location of flouring mills, and prob
ably there is no business that will afford more
reliable returns than flouring thovwheat of
the newly developing wheat-grow ing districts,
a good flour, that obtains a merchantable re
putation, if produced in greater quantity than
is needed for the home market, can bo shipped
to Europe at a profit. We know a miller in
this valley, who says he sends his flour to
England, and docs better than when he sells
in this market. The great merchant mills of
Oregon, that depend on the foreign trade and
send off whole cargoes, cleared about twenty
cents per bushel on the wheat shipped during
the harvest year, that ended July 1st, 1881,
which we know to be the fact in at least two
instances.
FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS.
In the city of. Portland there aro several
large foundries and machino shops; some of
these wcro started by industrious but prudent
men, who had hardly enough capital to own
their tools, but who now own large work's and
have heavy interests in real estate to show
their positive success. There aro smaller es
tablishments thraugh the country. Stove
manufacture has become a successful branch
of iron working, and is carried on here, at
Gcrvais, and at Salem, so that we are inde
pendent of foreign work in that respect. Iron
manufacture in all its branches is but in its
infancy, and the situation here is so new and
favorable that it invites the attention of those
who have the means at command, and have
gained the experience uccessaiy to carry on
such business successfully.
PAPFU MANUFACTURE.
There is one paper mill in the country,
which does a fair but not heavy business.
Most of our paper supply, for newspapers,
comes from the East. Tho present need of the
country is for a complete paper manufactory
that will turn out a supply of all kinds of pa
per suited to this growing trade.
PIMI AND FISHERIES.
Enterprising steamboat men could find a
field for energy and capital here as there aro
many bays and streams that need small boats,
and the greater rivers aud Puget Sound have
a growing commerce that requires more and
better facilities. Our fisheries furnish a topic
that cannot easily be exhausted. There aro
scoies of great canning concerns along the
Columbia and still more are contemplated, but
there are small streams putting into the bays
and ocean, that have not yet been tested, that
would pay well if canneries could bo placed
there. It is not probable that any great
length of time will elapse before these streams
are all occupied from Mount St. Elia to San
Francisco, but the ocean furnishes a field for
enterprise that cannot be easily occupied, or
monopolized, and which to-day invites the at
tention of those who have prosecuted the
same business on the northeastern coast of
our continent. It is safe to say that the North
Pacific deep sea fisheries are fully as extensive
as those oj the North Atlantic, and far more
inviting to the fishermen, and those who own
the fishing fiats, because they present few such
dangers as arise from storms along the North
At'autic seaboard. Here, there is never, or
scarcely ever, a wind or storm that cannot be
weathered on the open sea, or danger that a
vessel will be driven ashore. The frightful
loss of life that we so frequently hear of as oc
curring there need not cccuron this coast, and
the fish supply will answer nil tho demands
upon it for all time.
We have touched casually on many impor
tant topic, so that Eastern readers may form
some idea of the ii.ducements our Northwest
coast and its iuterior ofler to labor aid capi
tal. We have magnified nothing, and, in
fact, have not done anything like justice to
the topics we have treated, but have only
aimed to present the crude outlines of matter's
that the intelligent reader can fill up as he
reads. These topics are of scope and mag
nitude far beyond the capacity of ordinary
journalism to treat in full.
From Cottage Drove.
A correspondent writing to us from Cottage
drove, uiulfr date of March 15th, says :
Last week we had asnow storm here, heavier
than we had for years before; the snow was
eight inches deep in the valley, aud is said to
have been five feet where the road crosses the
Caliapooya mountains. This week the giound
is in good condition for the plow and is get
ting a lively stirring.
Surgical Appointment
Owing to change in steamers the surgeons
of the Pacific Surgical Institute have fixed
their appointment for Portland on April 4th
and 5th, when they will be pleased to meet
all their old patents at the St. Charles Hotel,
and such new one as may desire treatment.
ThU Institute will establish a permanent
board at Port! nd next all.
QorrcfyvmUntq.
What a Frland Has to Say.
Crow lev, Polk County, Or., March 10.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
Permit me to write a few lines in commen
dation of the Willamette Farmer as a farm
ing journal away ahead of all others. We
find items and leaders in the Farmer that
to us are worth the whole year': subscription.
Take, for instance, the leader on 'iCitiznship"
in No. 2, of Feb. "4, 18S2; it contains more
solid truth than many political hacks will
publish. Please republish at least the follow
ing portion beginning at : "As snowflako falls
upon the sod" to cud of sentence, "If any
man wants office nominate someone else."
But rather give us the whole article; it will
make the Farmer many friends. We also
find a valuable article in No. 4, March 10,
with the heading "Assessment and Taxation."
But we think, "Mr. Editor, upon further reflec
tion, that you would hardly agree with Mr.
B. in "believing it inexpedient to assess notes
and accounts, which are mere representatives of
value," etc. Now, Mr. Editor, what is money,
if not a representative of value? And would
you not tax cash in hand ? In my opinion it
would be a law in harmony with many other
bad laws wo have to carry in favor of the rich
aud against the laboring farmer. It used to
be the watchword ,of our lathers, "Protect
the poor, capital is able to protect itself."
But how do we find it now ? Capital combines
ami crushes honest labor throughout tho
United States. Manufacturers can coinbino
under our present high protective laws and
charrc exorbitant puces lor their goods, but
tho piodueer can "grin and bear it." Time
wrs, when wo had but two or three million
aires in the United States, that all worked
smqot lily alone together, but now, when we
hae millionaires by tho hundreds, things
grind and cause friction. It takes no prophet
to see what this will fiuully cud in. Some one
has said, "unrestrained liberty is licentious
ness," and that is precisely the disease capital
suffers from, or will sutler from. It is so og
gicssivc that it will finally accomplish its ow n
destruction. But, Mr. Editor, theso remarks
are getting too lengthy, and I will close.
Yours truly, Geo. II. Kii.fus,
Assessment ana Taxes.
Junction City, Or., Ma'ch 1C, 18S2.
Editor Willametto Farmer :
I see in your last issue some amendments
to the assessment laws of Oregon suggested.
While I am free to admit that there is still
room for improvement, 1 do not think the one
proposed would be just and equal; that is, to
"assess all property .wherever found, at its
full cosh value, to the persons in whose hands
it is found, allowing no exemptions except
notes and accounts, which would include
mortgages and all paper representatives of
value." Now this, to my miud, would work
a great hardship to all poor enterprising mon,
as it would force them to pay from 1 to 2
per cent, more on all the borrowed capital
they would employ, and at tho same time ex
empt their more wealthy neighbors almost
entirely from taxation; as, for instance, A,
is worth $40,000, ha lives in town, has a com
fortable city resideuce valued, we will say, at
$4,000, on which he will pay tax at 2 per
cent., which would amount to $80, which
would be all the taxes he would havo to pay;
while on the $30,00) loaned out he would
make (or save, which is the same thing) at
the same rate $720 in addition to hi stipu
lated interest, which amount the poor but
enterprising farmers who had this money bor
lotted would have to pay. I think this would
be a serious drawback to those who might
wish to purchase or iinrroe firms, while tho
inducement to Joan money would be increased
to the detriment of all enterprises that would
require borrowed capital, without reducing
the rate of interest or taxation ill a com
mensurate proportion. Now, as to the valua
tion of property, no doubt in many instances
it is undervalued; at the same time those
who loan inouey would not take-property at
its aixisttl value in liquidation of their de
mands, which goes to show that tho dis
crepancy in valuation is not so great as gen
erally supposed. I claim that Uxation should
he based on intrinsic values. Now, if a man
has $100 dollars in cash, he knows just what
ho I as; but if ho has a horse that ho paid
$100 for, he must find a man whose circum
stances demand such a horse before he can get
his $100 back for it (and generally he don't
find him). The same way with a farm. The
necessity for every man to have a home, places
a commercial value on land far above its in
tiimic value, taking the ttmsrtl value of a
farm as its intrinsic value. Then we will
take a farm valued at $10 per acre, which
may have a-commercial value of $20 per acre.
Now I will venture the assertion that not
more than three in five of the farms in Lane
county will pay interest and taxes at cuneiit
rates on the intrinsic value, (or assessment).
Now this is proven by the statement of many
penons, that it don't pay to rent out a farm,
as the rent will not pay interest and taxes.
Now, if these statements are true, I think
they prove that real estate should not bo
taxed at more than 60 or GO per cent, of its
commercial value, which would be about
equal to its intrinsic valuo. Another evi
dence of this is the fact that capitalists Will
not loan more than 40 or 50 per cent, of the
commercial value on any farm. My motto i,
equal and exact just'eo to all; special favors
to uone. J. C. Jenmnhk.
Kedhllllan on Butter.
Sheridan, March 10, 1882.
Editor Willamette Farmer :
Reading on article in your issue of the 3d
inst. entitled "What is the Matter with tho
Butter!"' I would say that Mr. Knapp has
j;ood advice on the butter question in general,
and what I want to speak of is in behalf of
the country and the country butter. The
poor price arises from various causes, but I
don't blame the Portland buyers for any of
them. Of couno Boino farmers' wive? make as
fine gilt edged butter as is made in any dairy
in the State, while it is true that some make
the pooerest. It all goes to the country store
together, where all are in debt from one year's
end to the other. Tho store keeper piles it up
in buckets, pans, boxes, or anything that is
handy, and it lies aiound in the dust for a
week or so, when it is shipped to Portland,
and looks bad, smells bad and brings a bad
price. I have known butter to be brought to
the store by well-to-do farmers' wives that
was in such a bad condition that when they
had done their tradinn and had gono homo,
the merchant would take it out of doors and
throw it away. He dared not say anything
about it or he would lose customers. Of course
he did not have many such custoine s. I know
of some women who only work their butter
once, mold it out and take it to the store;
there would be lots of milk and water left in
if. which would soon sour anil spoil tho but
ter. They also let the milk stand until it
is funky, in order to get the last drop of cieain
from it. Tins is how a'great deal ol the coun
try storo butter is managed, and it spoils the
talc of the co id country s'.oro butter, as it kll
goes to Poi tland together. On the other hand,
if farmers who mako butter to sell would do
as Mr. Knapp soys, have a creamery wneie
tho neighboihood could put their milk to
gether, or make the best they can themselves,
and send it fresh to Portland to some good
firm that is prepared to handle it as J. II.
Knapp does, and get the best cash price, and
take tht cash and do their trading on the cash
system, farmers would certainly rea'ie more
satisfactory results. The same rule w ill also
apply to the management and marketing ol
any other kind of faun products. For exam
ple : While potatoes aie selling in Portland
at from 80 to 05 cents per bu hel, the couutiy
buyers hero nt Sheridan are only paying from
50 to CO cents per bushel. Chickens, when
they aro quoted in Poitland at from $1 to f!i
per dozen, wcro only selling hero for tiado at
$3 per dozen; but if sugir goes up a few cents
wo get tho benefit of that. So, hoping that
all the farmers will make a hotter quality of
butter and manage it so as to get the Inst
market price for it, I lcmain yours truly,
A Rkdiiillian.
The Owl as an Exterminator.
Turner, March 22, 18S2.
Editor Villamettc Farmer:
In your issue of the 17th inst., Mr. J. S.
Churchill, of Mohawk, undertakes to gite
what he calls "the other Bide" of my article
on the owl.
I take up the question, because I believe it
to be an important one, and well worth dis
cussion, not only to farmers, but to those of
all ranks, grades and callings, being one
which afreets the wel'arc of people, State and
nation; and I shall bo very ghd of correction
if I fall into error (which is not unlikely), as
tho truth of the mattci, and not any one's pet
theory, is that which should be established
Very few persons deny the usefulness of the
insectivorous buds, and yet very few indeed
have any adequate conception of tho extent of
their usefulness to mankind, But this fact
can bo fully demonstrated, not only that tin y
are veiy useful, hut that they aro practically
iiulinpensibla to uur welfare. It follows there
fore that an exterminator, or even a dewiarcr
of tho birds under coinideratio'n is an enemy
against whim "we should invoke the aid of
our law makers in an aggressive warfare of
extermination" in our own defense.
And now, Mr. .Churiliill, please read my
article again, and more caiefully. I think
you will find that instead of my saying that
tho owl "very likely destroys 1,000 or 1,'JOO
7if during the year," I said, "Supiewiiir
Mr. Owl lived exclusively upon quail, ,'10,'i of
these would be destroy od each year; but
counting the egg unil young destioyed, J as
sume that there would bo 500 less each year. "
Then I go on to my . "But as tho owl does
not confine himself exclusively to quail, hut
eats every grouse, pheasant, plover, sparrow,
thrush, lark or other useful bird that he can
catch napping, from the egg in the nest to tho
full grown bird, it is very probable that 1,000
or 1,200 useful birds are annually sacrificed to
keep one large owl in good condition." Tins
is what 1 did say, and what littlu observation
I havo had, and what little thought I have
L'ivcn the nubiect. boars me out in mv conclu
sions. A neighbor of mine, whom I const It r
reliable, told mo ol a nest ot hawks, ol a van
ety which build on the ground, whosu young
were killed by a hail storm, when tho old
ones. annearifiL' not to understand tho situa
tion, continued to bring food to the nest for
two Mays, ami In that time (hey hail accumu
lated nearly thirty youii'j grouse, nltasauU
and quiil. Nothing elie was brought. And
I onto. had a pet hawk that wouldn't eat a
NO. 7.
mouse if he could get all the birds ho wanted.
Now, as to Mr. Churchill's side of the
arvumeii'.
"Owls fly during tho night." "Rats, mice
and gophers are likewise out at night, conse
quently it is more likely that the latter ani
mals make up a greater portion of the food of
owls than quails, grouse, &c." Wrll, let us
Bee. Owls fly at night and can see well at
that time, also. "Quails, grouse, Ac," can't
see, and as they roost on trees w here the owl
can see them, while they can't Bee him, and
as he flics noiselessly, they are not warned of
his approach while they are asleep with their
heads under their wings, "consequently it is
more likely that the latter" birds "make up
a greater portion of the food of owls" than
do "-rats, mice and gophers," which, although
"out of nights," can see well, are very likely
on the alert, and from their habits, and facil
ities for h ding, for escape or defence, it is
not probable that owls get many of them.
Another thing which tends to favor my
theory, is that owh kept in captivity appear
to prefer birds to rats, mice, &c, as food.
But I am open to conviction or criticism;
and if my views are correct, our Legislature
ought certainly to "lend its aid to an aggres
sive war of extermination on owls," hawks,
crows, jays, etc. ; only please read my articles
carefully and quote tlictn properly, and 1
won't complain. Naturalist.
Blackleg Causes and Possible Remedy.
Blackleg or malignant anthorax is prob
ably the most dreaded disease that exists in
this North Pacific country. It may bo inter
esting, as well as profitable, to BOino of your
readers to know what the disease really is,
and how its ravages may possibly bo miti
tatcel. Anthorax is a blood elisca.u duo to a
parasitic gei in (bacillus) which comes in con
tact with tho blood, either by contagion or in
oculation. Animals that aro subject to a sud
den access to plcthoia, or thoso that aie
thriving and growing rapidly, arc in a predis
posing condition which renders them very
susceptible to the disease. It spreads among.
heids principally through animals that are
in a favorable condition to contract the dis
ease, coining in contact with tho exudation of
animals that have recently elied from tho dis
ease. It is also conveyed by insects that per
forate the sk:u, caused by their first dipping
their perforating apparatus into some diseased
product, iwd then carrying it with them to
inoculate other portions of the herd. If the
germs are exposed to the open air for a she 1 1
length of time they become devitalized, owing
to putrifaction, which dcsUvys thoir vitality.
Somo soils aro very favorable towards retain
ing the vitality of tho germ, especially wet
soils of a .rcteiitivo character, tho impervi
ous tubsoil, p. eventing natural drainage, aud
also excluding tho air, for whenever the germs
become embedded in such soil, they retain
their vitality and multiply for an indefinite
length of time; such lands, until thoy aie
thoroughly uudcrdrainod, uro u intinuously
infecting herds tlmtraro pastured on thorn. If
it were not for insects, tho best way to di.s
p ise of diseased carcasses in tho summer time
would be to luy them on the surface of an en
closed dry piece of ground until putrifaction
takes place, which destroys the vitality of the
terms. As I have already said that animals
in certain conditions aro very susceptiblo to
the disease I will endeavor to point out those
conditions, and how thoy might be obviated.
Stock men who have had the disease In their
herds have undoubtedly noticed that it was
almost invariably tho fattest and most thrifty
calves mid yearlings that became victims to
the disease, or animals that were thrivmgvery
rapidly at the time; also they possibly have
notice.! that the disease wa very prevalent
on bottom land. Tho most rational preventive
would be to prevent tho animal's tystom be
coming in a condition that is favorable to the
development and reproduction of tho germs
when introduced into tho system, by chang
ing them to ilric- and leas luxuriant pastures.
Small doses of sulphite of soda or iodide of
potash, giviii daily, aro sometimes servicea
ble. 'I'lio giving of medicine is totally im
practicable on large cattle ranches, The bust
jiieveutive, and one that can be iifcil by nil
stockiueii, is tho insirtiou of n setou in the
lew lap, which piodii in a heuvy Hccietiou of
pus, consequently inatei tally b'sjens the ten
dency towunls a plothouo condition. The
material used should bu three strips of strong
tape, about a foot long, braided together and
soaked in tin pontine or nocture f cautharidis
for seveial days before using. Tho operation
consists of running a riiarp knife or setou
needle through the dewlap, just in front of
the- knees, then pass tho tapu through and
fasten to each end a piece of stick or a round
pice of leather, lario enough so that the orifice
will not admit of its passage through, iusuit
tho scrou lietwccu tho skill and tho flush, ami
lit it remain until it drops off
James Vitiiicumu, V. S.
Bridging the Willametto.
Citi.cns of Albany and icinity met at the
Court House last Friday to consider the pro
position of tho Ore-gon Pacific Railroad Com
pany to put a railroad and wagon bridge acrosu
the Willamette at some jioiiit within the cor
porate limits of Albany. After stirring
speeches delivered, on motion, tho chair ap
pointed I,. I'linii, It, ,H. Htrabau, T, Mouteith,
Jason Wheeler, John Crawford and P L.
Hackle-man, a committee to confer with the
railroad company and learn what was net-en.
saiy to 1st done to secure tho building of tho
bridge. The sense of tho ine'etiiig favored
contributing $20,000 for that purposo, and a
committee, consisting of N. Ilaiiui, O, F
Simpson, I). 11, Mouteith, J. 11. Foster Jr..
and A. Pierce, wcro appointed to solicit'nib.
scriptious. It is thought that sum can be
raised,
:2I
ill
f
.
i
t