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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (June 4, 1875)
WILLAMETTE FARMER. m urn Test of American Iron and Steel. The Sundry Civil Appropriation bill, passed among the last acta of the late Congress, con tained an appropriation of $76,000 for tests of iron and steel, to be made by a Board of Engineers, who are to serve without pay, with the exception of the Secretary. The members of the Board have recently been appointed by the Secretary of War, aa follows: Colonel T. T. S. Laidley, Ordnance Department, TJ. S. A., resident; Professor B. H. Thurston, Secre tary; Commander L. A. Beardslee, TJ. S. N.; General Q. A. Gilmore, Engineer Department, TJ. S. A.; Chief Engineer David Smith, TJ. S. K.; W. Lovy Smith. 0. E. ; A. L. Hoiley, 0. E. A tes'ing machine is to be built, and set up at the Watertown arsenal, where the experiments are to be conducted. The Board will receive instructions from, and report to the Chief of the Ordnance Department of the Army. The members of this Board are all well inown engineers, several of whom have al ready distinguished themselves by their in vestigations of the properties of materials nsed in construction. It would be difficult to over estimate the value of their future experiments, if carefully conducted. To mention a single instance, it may be stated that the English formula deduced from Gordon's experiments is almost the only authority available to our engineers for computing the resistance of ma terials to compressive strains. Very few of our engineers could afford to make such experi ments aa they desired ; and when suoh investiga tions were conduoted by companies, the results were not usually available for general use. It seems probable, therefore, that the appropria tion, made by Congress for these experiments, will be productive of more good than many other items for whioh ten times the amount was allotted. Nw Mode or Tbeatino Belts.-A correspond ent of the Scientific American writes as follows: I have for the last 25 years, on every Saturday -evening, turned the inner aide of my engine belt outside, let the engine run slow.and washed the belt well with warm water and soda, applied with cotton waste. Next, I take a piece of sheet metal and scrape well the belt, next wash with clean warm water, and dry off. I colleot the waste oil from the shafting and apply to the belt as much of it as possible. The washing must be done as quickly as possible so as not to dissolve the glued parts. I let the belt stand on the pulleys till Monday, then give another scraping and turn the belt as before. I keep the pulleys very clean. I have long been sur prised at the economy I have effected with very little trouble. I have not bought a new belt for the last ten years. There is an engine next me, 11x36 inches (mine is 12x36). I have nearly double the shafting and belts, and my neighbor cannot run with less than 38 lbs. of steam when all the belts are on the loose pulleys. Mine will run at full speed with 5 lbs. These suggestions, adds our co temporary, will be appreciated by our readers. One must begin with a first class belt, made in the best manner, and nse considerable judgment, in following the practice of our correspondent. A New Heating f ubkace. A new inven tion has recently been made by Messrs. C. Reese, master mason, and Thomas Johns, su perintendent of the mill of the iron and steel company, at Ironton, Ohio. The improvement is practically a double furnace, having a grate at both ends, with the flue in the center, pass ing down between the two doors under the body of the furnace into the chimney on the other side. The inventors claim that this fur nace will do one-half more work, for the reason that the beater can be charging at one door whilst drawing at the other; and that it will cave largely in iron from the fact that the cold air passes directly to the flue before reaching the iron; that it will save greatly in coal, there not being so large a surface to be heated as in the ordinary furnaces; and further, that it costs Icbs to build and less labor to work it, doing away with the labor of pulling the flue piles to the bridge for sufficient heat, the last pile charged being the first ready to draw out. The furnace is said to be well suited to rail, bar, plate, guide and hoop mills. It is believed by practical iron workers that this furnace will prove to.be an important addition to the pro ductive capacity ot rolling mills. There will be one of them put in the mill of the above mentioned company as soon as possible. Absence of Oxyoen feom Abtesian Wateb. M. Gerardin, in a paper read to the Paris Academy of Sciences descriptive of the artesian welh oi Grenelle, finds there is no oxygen present in the water from the lower hand atone of this locality, nor from the Billy gravel beneath the clay and at contact with the chalk (the water was obtaintd out of contact with air from various depths by means of a syphon invented by the author), nor from the Soissonais gravel. Ntithtr was this gas discovered in the water from the artesian well at Gonesse. M. Gerardin concludes that vater obtained from subterranean depths does not contain oxygen if kept from contact with the atmosphere. This precaution is essential, for in contact with the air it dissolves several cubic centimetres of oxygen. The author Una often found in the interior of the ascension tubes long white opaline filamentary algoc. These algto present the curious property that they remain white in solar light as long as the water is deprived of oxygen, but they become green the instant the water is the least aerated. Their sensibility to the actiou of oxygen is most delicate. The action of the alga) serves to confirm the chemical test with hyposulphite of soda. Oeiqin and Philosophy of Limestone Caves. Caves in limestone have usually had their origin in fissureB, through which water flows, or at one time nowea, at nrei siowiy per rnlatincr throuch them, and then, as they crad ually became larger and larger the volume of water likewise increased, uuiu ma unsure u came converted into a true underground river or water course; even in cases where no water flows through them at the present day it can plainly be seen that such was the case once. They are eaten out of the limestone by the solvent power which water charged with car bonic acid possesses. Ordinary water free from carbonio acid would be quite incapable of dis solving out the limestone, but all natural waters contain more or less of that gas, derived by the rain from the atmosphere and from the decaying vegetable matter which it meets with in its passage through the soil. All limestone caves usually retain more or less completely their original form of fissures, expanded, per haps, in parts, into vast caves and chambers of immense proportions, but again contracting a little further on into a mere crack or tunnel. Comparatively large rivers are received by such caves, which then continue their course under ground, in some cases suddenly appearing to the light of day again, but in others making their way beneath the surface right out to sea. Certain of the South Australian creeks are thus discharged. The Andes Gbaduaixt Sinuno. The highest foints ot the Andes are thought to be sinking, a 1715, when measured by La Condamine, Quito was found to be 9596 feet above the sea.' In 1803 Humboldt made it 0570 feet, in 1831 Boussingaolt 9567 feet, in 1867 Orton9520, and in 1670 Beiaa and Stnbel 9356 feet. It the earli est and latest measurement were exact Quito has sunk 240 feet in 125 yeara. WE AlE COMING! With, the "Very JFinest Sheep Ever Offered. For ale in Oregon ONE HUNDRED THOROUGHBRED Spanish Merino Ewes, And a, Few Choice Bucks Our Flock Stands as high as any Flock in the United States. We are constantly importing from the BEST IFXjOCIKIS I3ST THE 'EAST, And Breeding in California with so much care and success that our Flocks at the present time are acknowledged far' SUPERIOR TO ANY IN THE STATE: At the State Agricultural Fair last autumn we DREW TEN FIRST-CLASS PREMIUMS, Among the rest the Sweepstakes, $75.00 over any class or Breed. Those who buy of us are assured of purity of Blood and ha t the quality is exactly what it is represented. Due notice will be given of our arrival in Salem through the local papers. Expect to arrive about May 5 th. SEVERANCE & PEET. R, J. Trumbull, Dealer in aud Grower of SEEDS or Vegetables, TREES, Sm .CLiSISywR fire For tho O.RrI5N, FARM, anil MANSION, 437 Sanwiue Street, San Francisco. r Dei rlptlve Catalogues on ppllctlon. KM 1 i I I I HHIHh Horn. 337. 388 and 831 SaaaoaM Street, BAM FaUXCISCO. Hi FLOWERS. Shrubs, tTUK hhV IMI'IlOVED HOME SHUTTLE Sewing Machine. FXIOEJ, - - S4S.OO. WE ALSO BELL The Home Sewing Machine. These machines su a shuttle, straight needle, ud mass the Lock Stitch. They ere surpassed by none. They art the limplat and UgkUft-nmning no Aina i l world. Bend (or elrculsrs. Mme. Demorest Reliable Patterns. BEXD FOB A CATALOGUE. Bojral Cants, iM. E. W. HAI5ES. Agent. IT New Montgomery Street (Orend Hotel Billdloi), Bu rrsaciaco. SffaJ'tSSSCS' BULBS K (fi Isf . sTLY Published Quarterly. January Numheh Just issued, and contains over'lOO I l'Ati ra. 500 Enoraunos descriptions of more than 500 of our best Flowers and Vegetables, with D.rectlons for Culture, Lolokeu Plate, etc. The most useful and elegant work o' the kind in the world. Only 5 cents for the ca Published in English and German Address, JAMES V1CK, Rochester, N. Y. ,fe, $g$rMiGx& HPSZlfc 4$gg&&m 'FLOWER GA I will send 12 Flowering Plants for Ons Dollar rourcnoieerrom lou sons), by XAIL, OK r.xruiXH. MY ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, aeierlbei the culture of PUati A Heeds, to rtntamtrf freci other lOe. Address HTCII, 646 Warren it., Boston, Mass. 20 FINE VERBENA8 FOR $1. Anvof Ihefollowlritr named tiUntltent by mall, postage paid, at 10 cen 1 1 rath Any three aorta for 25 centi, or llfleeii fur SI No order received fur leu than tint a Fucfirlms. Merauluirii (Double Zonale, H tnti l and lm, Ueionlai, Ca mat loin, flUKl. ldlLoirea, iftftrt rimttmt sngciuiitiu, A bullion, Ailoruntbui, Culeu. C'aunas,Ciir)Mii' theinuint.. Mainly fblox. CuiiLea. kuiwtortuniiv Btevlit, feverfew, Mellotrtvoei, netenMentrum, Llijuhla, MahernU, P.lea.timlUx, DouMu J'rtunUi, HoIariumCapalcatirtim, Veronica One (jacket A ler. lUtain, Petunia, Phlox and Vcrtn-na tut JEJ centi My Illuitralid Catalogue of Srw Plant Seed for 187. and any two ia(ket of tbe auuve bewla tent 00 reo-lpt of 10 centi. Addreu C. A. BKZ8BK A CO . Krto, Fa. HEALtfS "BUSINESS COLLEGE I SIN FRANClSCnPIEBJ kVaaalt: Vid RQYEr jsM&es' (Mil 4mB!m vit? mm nli E. VOW DEWEY Jt CO., American & Foreign Patent Agents, The best, speediest, and surest method for yon to obtain patents, file caveats, or trnnsaut any other Important business with the Patent Office at Washington, or with foroign coun tries, is through tho agonoy of DEWEY A CO., PUBLISHERS OP THE MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS, SAN FHAN CISCO, an ablo, responsible, and long-estab. lished firm, and the principal agents on this side of the continent. They refer to the thous ands of inventors who have patronized them, and to all prominent business men of the Pacific Coast, who are more or less familiar with their reputation as straightforward jour nalists and patent solicitors aud counsellors. We not only more readily apprehend the points and secure much more fully and quickly the patents for our homo inventors, but with the influence of our carefully read and extensively circulated journals, we are enabled to illus trate tho intrinsio merits of good patents, and seoure a duo roward to tho inventor, besides serving the publio who aro more ready to give a fair trial, and adopt a good thing, upon the recommendation of honest and intelligent publishers. To Obtain a Patent, A well-constructed model is generally first need ed, if the invention can well be thus illustrated, It must not exceed 12 inches in length or hight. When practicable, a smaller model is even more demrablo. Paint or engrave the namo of the article, and tho namo of the inventor, and his address upon it. Send the model (by express or other reliable conveyauco), plainly addressed, to "Dewst & Co., Mining and Soikntitio Pbkss Omen, San Fbanoimco." At tho same time, send a full description, embodying all the ideas and claims of the inventor reHpooting the im provement describing tho various parts and their operations. Also send $1G currency, amount of first fee of the Government. The case will be placed on our regular file, the drawings executed, and the documents mode up, and soon sent to the inventor for signing. As soon as signed and returned to us with the fees then due us, it will be sent straightway to the Patent Office at Washngton For designs no models are necessary. Dupli cate drawings are required, and the specifica tions and other papers should be made up with care and accuracy. In some instances for design patents two photographs, with the negative, answer well Instead of drawings. For further information, send a stamp for our illustrated circular, containing a digest of Pa tknt Laws, 112 illustrated mechanical move ments, and Hints and Instbdotions regarding tho mouth and pbivilkoeh of inventors and patentees, which will be furnished post paid. Also a copy of NEW PATENT LAW of 1870. When the invention consists of a new article of manufacture, a medicine, or a new composi tion, samplos of the separated ingredients, sufficient to make the experiment (unless they are of a common and well-known char, acter), and also of the manufactured article itself , must be furnished, with full description of the entire preparation. For Processes, frequently no model or drawings are necessary. In suoh case, tbe applicant has only to send us an exact description, an what is desirable to claim, AdMreet DBWKV 4c CO., Fpsmibtm, Patxr Assam us buurui,. Ho. m Baaaeia stmt, S. I