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TTTi iTTT. L IMPLEMENTS d
A
illr'
I 6. HLNDEICKS.
The Army and the People.
From the S. F. Examiner.
Tho Constitution of the United
States declares that "a well regulated
militia is necessary to tne security of
a tree state." 1 he rnea of a perma'
nent standing army was very rcpug.
nanant to the minds of our furcfatn-
erf.. One of the articles of acocsation
against tho English King was that
lie had kept bero, among the colon
isU, standing armies in lime of peace,
The idea of a standinir army it at
war with tho genius of our republican
institutions. Ut late, however, a sen
timent seems to have grown up in
certain quarters, favorable to the
growth of this unrcpublican idea.
lho General of tho Army. Sherman,
has been quoted as libeling his coun
trymen by saying, in an after-dinner
speech, that "without the army, the
American people would be a mob.
When the wine is iu, the wit is out,
eaitu the adase: and perhaps this
may account for the Sbermauio re
mark. But hte events have been
used as arguments to prove that!Sher-
man was right. No people on earth
havo less ol the mob spirit than the
Americans, none less need tor do
meslio purposes a standing army.
Tho liadicals are the advocates of an
increase of the power, privileges, and
numbers of the Army. They say
that the recent disorders requiro a
hand stronger than tho State militia
aud stronger than the General Gov
ernment's military lorco to put them
down; that as we grow in population,
as the pubho domain is settled, popu
lation will bo forced back upon pop
ulation and disorders will increase,
which may result in anarchy, as Lord
Macaulay predicted, unless the power
F resent to prevent its development,
t is very true that regular troops
are moro reliable, if not at first more
effective, in suppressing local out
breaks than the militia; but that is no
reason why they should supplant the
latter. As ours is a government of
the people, by the people, and for the
people, it is most nt mat tne
people, that is, lho Government,
should to always in a way to protoct
themselves. Ino hurried appeals now
made for a hearing of tho opposite
doctrine, and the unrepublican ono,
are fortunately mado at a timo when
tbey cannot be either illustrated or
sustained by the facts. At tho time
of the recent outbreak, tho Federal
Government could not have been in
a condition to suppress it alone if it
had an army at its command of twice
tho ordinary number. Nothing but
local military service, directed by lo
cal authority, could have coped with
a trouble that appeared lo bo break
inr out in every quarter. Aud, more
over, the sequel shows that it was al
together an affair for local handling,
tho nresumntion always bcinjr that
the Federal authority was behind. It
was on lho very distinct ground that
the Federal power was only aiding
and sustaining the State Governments
that Gen. Hancock settled the dispute
raised by Col. trench, in rennsyl
vanis. by ordering bjm to turn over
his troops to the officer nei t in com
mand. Gen. Hancock knew that the
authority of the Slate had not been
led bv that of the Federal
Government but that the latter was
present only to aid and countenance
the former in its own legitimate
work.
In the leadinz Republican paper of
tho country the New York Times
a set argument m made lor ine supre
macy of Federal authority in sapprcs-
sine domestic disorder, While it ad-
mits that time will be nteaea 10 cor
rect by legislation the abuses insepar
able from the influence of corporations
over the Legislatures of States, it in
sists that there shall be "no delay in
the adoption of measure required to
impart to the Federal Government
sufficient physical force for the main
tenance of domestic order in any con
ceivable emergency. Ooly a strong
nnvsrnmpnt ran crarinle promptly
with the vaiicd forms of danger that
are now strewn thickly over one
third of the Union."
It was Jefferson's favorite doctrine
that a republican government is
stronger when it reposes on the direct
support of the people themselves.
He said, writing from Paris in 1787,
to James Madison:
"I own I am'not a friend to a very
energetic government. It is always
oppressive. It places the Governors,
indeed, more at their ease at the ex
nense of the people. Tlie late rebel
lion in Massachusetts ha given more
alarm than I think it should have
done. Calculate that one rebellion
in thirteen States in the course ol
eleven years is but one lor each Slate
in a century and a bait No country
should be to lonz without one. Nor
will any degree of power in the hands
of the Government prevent insurrec
tion. In England where the bsnd of
Dower is heavier than with us, there
're seldom half a dozen years witb-
I out an insurrection. In Franoe, where
' it is still heavier, but lcs despotic, ss
j Montesquieu supposes than iu some
'otler countries, and where there are
always two or three hundred tbous
Biiu luiu noujr iu viuou mnui reciiuus.
there have been three in the courso of
the three years I have been here, in
every one of which greater numbers
Were engaged than in Massachusetts:'
and a great deal more blood spilt.
In Turkey, whero tho sole nod of tho
dospot is death, insurrections aro the
events of every day- Compare again
the ferocious depredations of their iu
s irgonts with the order, tho modera
tion and the almost self extinguish
n ent of ours. And say, finally,
whether peaco is bost preserved by
giving energy to the Goverrireut or
information to the people. This last
is the most certain and the most le
gitimate engino of Government. Ed-
ucato and inform tho whole mass of
tho people. Enable thorn to aoo that
it is their interest to preserve peaoo
and order, and they will prcservo
them. And it requires no very high
degreo of education to conviuco them
of this. They are tho only sure re
liance for the preservation of our lib
erty."
Such wero Demooratio principles
seventy years before tho present lie
publicau party was organized and
fbrmulatod a platform. They are the
principles of the Democratic party to
day, and that party is peculiarly tho
party of the people, whoso principles
aim to mako intelligent, law-abiding
citizens, to whom insurrection and
auarchy ar abhorrent, and lor whose
government a great standing army is
needless.
Tho opposite doctrino is tho one
derived from the Uid World, that
government is an organized power,
distinct from and aside from the ieo-
e. Happily it has never yet gained
footing on American soil, though
persistently advooalod since tho Con
stitution became' subject to two inter
prelations.
Alter tho recent war it was believed
by. many that a strong central Gov
ernment, whose strength should con
sist in its absorption of the powers
of the Slates, would bo necessary to
E reserve, protect and defend lho
Tnion which had been put in such
jeopardy; but twelve years of experi
menting in that line on tho southern
States were an excellent schooling
and clarification of tho public mind on
tho subject, and now this rocent
wide-spread trouble springs up to
impress tho sonnd and safe doctrino
of local self goveanment in an entire
ly neW way.
It teaches us as distinctly as any
thing can that it is of the first neces
sity to perfect and strengthen our
machinery of self protection iu every
town, city and county; that we keep
the weapons of defence in our own
hands, that can employ them with
the most discretion and effect: that it
is local forces, and not Federal, that
are needed to preserve the pcaoe aud
suppress disorder, that no possible
danger that can befall us from hold
ing this view is equal to what may at
any time threaten from a power
which is beyond our instant control.
More than all, tho sense of responsi
bility that gives weight and worth to
citixenship is fully retained by the
doctrino of local self-protection.
Take that away, and teach the peo
ple to lean on a power outsidejof them
selves for support and one of the
most villi elements of citizenship is
cone. Th Tvnet rests its reasons on
the theory that connecting lines of
railway which traverse several Stales
practically give the railroad system a
National character, to bo protected
by a Federal force. It might with
equal reason push on to the conclusion
that the General Government has
a right to seize these roads as soon as
they become "National" and op
erate them in ils own interest. We
hold that they who advocate a strong
government, that shall rest on mili
tary force, have yet the alphabet of
true republic tnism to learn; they are
by instinct distrustful nf -
and eager to sec them
not indeud to govern
selves. We concur wit
1'oiU in the conclusion that no event
iu our day has more conclusively
demonstrated the necessity of local
sell-goycrnment, with the military el
ement included, thsn these riots which
have been suppressed by local au
thority. s-SB--a.-sail m m S i.-l -.
Taniihing Delations.
From the fi T. Examiner.
Occasionally an article appears in
the editorial columns of the New
York Tribune thst contains a world
of suggestiveness, the more so on ac
count of its appearance in the
nsptr "founded by Horace Greeley,
and because of the peculiar revenges
lime is bringing about.' Treating of
'Uastian Delusions" the Mw xora
Journal says: "Hut rations, like sin
ners, must work out their salvation
with fear and trembling. Have we
not learned in America thst it is one
ibing to give a slave bis liberty and
another thing to make him an in
telligent and industrious citizen?
Kussis attempted far more than we
Lave done. She not only liberated
tie Serfs and endowed theis with the
rights of citizenship in tlio communes,
but put them in the way of beooming
landed proprietors. No nation ever
made so gigsntio an experiment in
social and political science. Freo la
bor has lod to the most .coaiplicatcd
agrarian probloms, and tho result has
fallen short of popular expeotation.
Tho Serfs have not been transformed
iuto sober and thrifty farmers. The
effort to oreate a third estate of intel
ligence has not been successful.
Many of the landed proprietors have
been ruined, and tow ot tho peasants
havo conducted, their farms profitably.
The economic and political results' of
manumission have disappointed both
tho educated class, and lho mass of tho
population. So impartial a writer as
Mr. Wallaco describes the great ma
jority of educated Russians as Buffer
ing to-day from shattorod illusions.
lho expectations which they enter
tained at tho beginning of lho transi
tion period have not boon realized.
Thoy have not escaped tho harsh ac
tion ot economic laws by which the
working class of other nations aro
weighed down."
Commenting on this paragraph tho
Augusta (Ga.,T Const it utionalint says:
If this is true of linssian Surfs, who
are of lho same blood and raco ns
their former masters; how much moro
true is it of tho freedom of the South,
whoso Bolo claim to what civilization
or rjligion they possess comes from
contact with the superior raoe, and
notably in consequence of slavery.
The people of lho North, by violent
ly interfering with the laws ot Uod
and man, have precipitated themselves
into commercial bankruptcy political
corruption, and social anarchy. In
lho case of Russia, tho experiment
was commondablo, becai.so it was
monBtrous apparently that slavory
should exist among tho pcoplo of the
samo raco and blood, and nothing of
tho kind could have survived as long
as it did except under an iron despot
ism. Hut even in this natural eman
cipation tho mistake was made of too
great precipitation. In the united
Stales, however, tho case was totally
different. Above all, the New Eng
land Abolitionists knew well enough
what had happunod in tho West In
dia oolonios ot Great Britain and
France. But Sumner and his fellow
crusaders determined to carry out
their holby at any cost Of blood,
treasure and tears, and tho result is
before the world. In the long run
tho South will be benefitted; but the
North can novcr more be what she
was before the war. The centres of
population and wealth will shift, just
as tho centre of political power has
already gravitated away from the
East. It may bo added that the
ccntro oi slavery has shifled from the
South to the North, from the black
man to tho while tramp. It gives us
much pain to make theso deductions
from a paper founded by Mr. Gree
ley, but the truth ot history must and
shall be preserved.
hi astounding DiirowT.
sssxxsx ,j . ,
Gov. Hampton went away from
Washington Oily, without being able
to secure auy Goveimxent arms for
his Slato milit:a. The critics who
cried out at Hamptou's coming bore
to secure arms for what they pleased
to call tho White League, will have
to chango their tono. Whou Hamp
ton made application it was thought
that his Slato was entitled to a largo
number of arms. The militia com
panies in his Slato are not able to
arm themselves; hence the application
On examination at the War Depart
ment tho astounding discovery was
made that South Carolina has already
rcceivud an advance of all anus to
which it is entitled for forty years to
come. It was also discovered that
this extraordinary issue of arms came
through Don Cameron, who, at tho
in stance of Honest John Patterson,
ran this load o ""
...-.v.. weie crying
out loudly at tho dangers arising
from tho prcsenco of tho White Leag
uers in South Carolina. This when
the negroes had twenty stand of arms
id one for the whiles, liesido this
great issue of arms, it will be remem
bered that a large boiiy oi iroops
was ordered into South Carolina.
Everything was done that could be
done here lo precipitate a color line
fight, but tho patience and coolness of
Gov.' Hampton and his peopio irus
trated this well-laid plan. Gov.
Hampton goes back without arms for
his Slato, but he is satisfied wfch the
reason, as it will help him explain to
the public the extreme means adopt
ed last fall by the Administration
people toward the South.
While Dr. Mary Walker was lect
uring in one of the rural towns lately,
it is said a youth cried out, "Are you
the Msry that had a little iamb?"
"No," was the sharp riply.but your
mother bad a little jackass.
A " strong central government
prodnres such ruler, as Belknap,
Ias" Shepherd, Babcock and Ba-
dcau. '
The Tramp Printer's Story.
. It was in tho palmy days ot the art
typographical, when, ono cvoning, in
tho com p. room of the paper, Pitts
burg, tho famous "Ouo-Eyed Jorsoy"
arose from his scat ou tho lower rail
of the framo on which ho was subbing
for tho night, and observed in roply
to a remark dropped by one of tho
boys:
"Yes, you bet, us tramps seo some
queer adveuturos. But I must toll
you ot a trip 1 took with 'Dirty Shirt
Brown.'"
Ilayiug fillod and lighted his pipe,
ho proceeded :
"You all remember what a tough
timo it was just tflor tho Indianapolis
strike: , Well,' n't that time 'Dirty
Shirt Brown' and myself took a mag
nilioont parade out of Detroit dead
broko, ot course but wo beat print
ing offices and freight trains till wo
got to Ashtabula, Ohio, when wo
struck everything doad Sunday
evoning, print shops lookod up, and
no chance to mako a freight train. So
wo started for Erie on foot in the
midst of a cold, drizzly rain. We
got thero tho uext morning about
i ... . . r . . ..
sun up ot a com moruiu in ucccui
bor both hungry ns wolves after our
two days' fast, when 1 ospiod a lino
mansion iu tho onvirons, surrounded
by an elegant lawn, and an idea
struck me. . i ,
"Say, Browny, you squat against
yon big trco, and I'll slriko tho old
bondholder up in tho big huuso for
some chuok, lor I am about faiuit-h-od."
. . . if-
"Hurry up, then," ho growled; for
"Dirty-Shirt Browu" is the most woe
begone; disconsolate wretch ou a bqrd'
trump you over saw.
I bounded across tho lawn, up to
tho door, aud gavo tho bell a pall,
which brought a neat Irish servant
ffirl to the door. I inquired for tho
udy of tho house, whou tho girl
respectfully invited mo to go
iu until bIio called tho madamc. In
view ot my dilapidated appcaranco I
declined tho unexpected honor and
waited on tho threshold until the
madamc, a ch'eofy, comfortablo look
ing body, made her appearance I
briefly stated my wants (saying noth
ing of Browny) whou she exclaim
ed: "Why, certainly, my poor boy;
walk in r tho tablo is not yet cleared
off I" and sho led mo a not uuwilling"
march to an clogant dining-room, sat
mo down to tho woll loaded table,
poured me out a huge cup ot ooffoe,
aud bid me to out hearty. I noodod
no further encouragement so to do,
and tho kind lady took her sewing
aud sat down by tho fire pluuo and
talked of how hard it was to bo away
from borne aud out of work. But I
was not so busily engaged in outing
that I failed to notice a pretty child,
a little girl of some six summers, who
was alternately building block houses'
and listening to her mother. Proa
ently she got up and left the room,'
and just as I was finishing she return
ed. Coming up to my ohair, ao mod
est and bashful like, she timidly placed
a new silver quarter bc-Bide my plate,
and without saying t word ran and
buried her face iu her mother's lap.
Boys, I've soen a heap of the ups and
downs of lifo, but novor did I have,
anything go straight to my heart aa r
that simple act of this sweet little
child. The tears sprang to my eyes,
and involuntarily I exclaimed :
"Bid her take it back, ma'am ! Bid
her take it back 1 Hardened as I am
I caunot take money from one so pure
snd spotless from the wicked' world.
Do make her tako it back V
"Oh, no, indeed, air," exclaimed,,
the kind ludy, "you must keep the ,
money. In your present distress it,
will do you more good than it oven
will her :' besides f wish to teach her
suoh little acls of good kindness that
.u. - -up a good Christian
Vcrlilb." i
ed, with many heartfelt
..- I . . I . 1 n . . i n jiAin liAtv.d
lUUiias X pivaeu uy i.ijv win.
mvself out of the house and nasienea ;
- . . l T I ,
to rejoin lrowny, wnora i Knew
would be cursing my delay from the
bottom of his misanthropic heart.
Hastily brushing away all tears, 1
got up within bailing distance, when
he yelled at me: . ,
' ..... . . ii
"Why n u 11 didn't you stay an
winter ?"
Not venturing to betray my past
agitation by attempting 10 repiy, i
advanced to where he was sitling,
when be asked with the air or a man
m tioexDccts nothing and would not
be disappointed for anything:
- - r - . . . ,
"Well, what luck, old pard v
Without saying a' word I held out
the new quarter-dollar, tresu ana
bri"ht from her pure litllo hands.
Tlie effect upon Browny was clectri-.
cal. He same to His icci wuu one
bound, and with eyes nyited on my
outstretched palm, he ejaculated :
"Jee whiz I iiuiiy lor you, jersey:
Twenty-fire cents! )Ihj,juA en-
wjh JvT drinks I
Young ladka in Vermont, strewed
eigh't to at-vt-u flower in the pathway
of Hayvs.
r