THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, OCTOBER 20, 1907.
3
LEADS SOUSA S BAND
Signor De Caprio Takes Baton
on Invitation of Master.
RENDERS HIS OWN MARCH
Compliment of Eminent Bandmaster
to Portland Musician Earns
Ovations for Both Prom Great
Audience at the Armory. . '
It would be liard Indeed to say
whether the fulsome applause which
vag rendered to Sousa, the March
King, or the unrestrained ovation that
was given to Signor A. DeCaprlo. com
poser of the "Portland Rose Festival"
march, was the conspicuous feature
of last night's concert at the Armory,
which 3000 music lovers attended. It
in also difficult to say whether loyalty
to a local artist did not have much to
do with the record-breaking crowd
which poured and Jammed its way ln
tlde the massive building of stone and
"brick.
DeCaprlo acquitted himself nobly,
that much cannot be gainsaid, for
when he stepped on the dais to which
Sousa had' led him, and from which
the eminent bandmaster had just re
tired, there was resounding applause
and salvos of spontaneous greeting.
DeCaprlo had labored long and ardu
ously arranging his "Rose Festival"
march for a full band of 65 pieces, and
had had only one rehearsal, but when
he raised his baton the house was
hushed and the three-score ot Sousa
artists swung gracefully Into tjie
march and carried it through to the
finish in accurate and rhythmic re
sponse to every motion of the leader's
baton.
DeCaprlo was compelled fo play the
march through twice and was forced to
decline a third recall, and when he
tripped down from the platform, Sousa
shook him by the hand and exclaimed,
"DeCaprlo, you are a master of melody;
you can't beat the Italians In that."
Huge bouquets of flowers were presented
to the local director and fully 100 people
jammed Into the " dressing-room, during
the Intermission, to tender thejr congratu
lations. Before the concert was ended,
Sousa announced that he would Incor
porate the "Festival March" In his pro
grammes during his present tour of the
country, and was lavish in his praise of
the composer's work as well as his in
telligent leadership during the rendition
of the selection.
As for the Sousa programme Itself, the
tremendous 'crowd would hardly let the
band rest between numbers, applauding
constantly. "Los Preludes," by Liszt and
the "Smithy Scene from Siegfried," re
ceiving the warmest greeting. Sousa's
suite, "looking Upward," a melange of
the catchy and classic, held the audience
spell-bound, because of its broad swing
through the vast range of human emo
tions, and because of Its delicate coloring,
its tremendous power, its force. Its vigor,
its gentleness and sweetness, all changing
with such easy transition and rapidity
that it carried the thousands of listeners
with It in silent rapture to the very end.
The cornet solo of Herbert Clarke,
the wizard of wizards on that Instru
ment, and the vocal solo, "Elizabeth's
Prayer." ,rom "Tannhauser," by M'iss
Lucy Allen, elicited encores until the
artists were obliged to decline further
response.
Miss Jeannette Powers showed mar
velous technique and fine feeling in
her violin solo, "Adagio and Moto Per
petum," but to most of the audience
the selection was entirely unknown
and especially to a Saturday-night
crowd. Interlarded among the regular
numbers on the long programme were
numerous encores of Sousa's own, and
they were greeted just like all old
friends are greeted when they return
after long absence.
Sousa, himself, remarked after the
concert was over that he hadn't re
ceived such welcome and felt that he
owed so much to any audience as he
did the one that listened to and ap
plauded him last night.
A large crowd attended the matinee
conceit In the afternoon. The feature
was a clarinet solo by Signor Joseph
Norrlto, who acquitted himself admir
ably and was enthusiastically en
cored". Signor Norrlto showed great
breadth of tone, splendid execution and
played with fine expression.
INSURANCE LINES CHANGE
Pacific Coast Department of Ger
man Companies Reorganizes.
CHICAGO. Oct. 19. (Special.) As a re
sult of visits to the Coast by J. A. Kel
sey. United States manager of the Aachen
and Munich, and President Warfield and
General Agent Howie of the Hanover In
surance Companies, the Pacific Coast de
partment of those companies has been re
organized. Caesar Betheau, who has
represented the two companies, is ndw In
the East seeking the representation of
a new company for the Pacific Coast.
Alfred R. Grim, who was Mr. Betheau's
assistant has associated himself with
Thomas J. Conroy, who represented the
Caledonian and its allied companies, and
as Conroy and Grim they will hereafter
represent the Aachen and Munich and the
Caledonian Companies on the Coast.
Pacific Coast reports say that the
agents of the Hanover In Oregon, Wash
ington, Idaho, Montana and Utah will re
port direct to New York hereafter, with
a special agent located at Portland, and
that It Is possible that the Hanover will
retire from California. It Is understood
that President Warfield has not com
pleted his plane.
PLAN MAY BE DEFEATED
Laggards Make Success of Savings
Bank Reorganization Doubtful.
The fate of the plan to reorganize
the Oregon Trust & Savings Bank will
be known within the next few days.
The depositors' committee, which is
working day and night to effect the
reorganization Is' almost discouraged
and is likely to abandon the campaign
by the middle of the present week un
less a better spirit Is shown on the
part of laggards who have so ar failed
to sign up. Unless all come In and
take telephone bonds and bank stock,
the reorganization will fall and the
court will proceed to dispose of the
assets through the receivership.
The total amount signed up when
the committee stopped work last night
was $719,000. Practically $300,000 re
mains to be subscribed. "While the
light holds out to burn," the tardiest
depositor may subscribe, but the cam
paign will be dropped very soon un
less the laggards come in faster with
their subscriptions.
"I have not the slightest doubt that
the telephone bonds are perfectly
good," said Receiver Devlin yesterday,
"but owing to unfortunate conditions
In the financial centers during the past
few days In regard to bonds and the
decline of all securities, only a very
small part of the amount originally
expected from the telephone bonds can
be secured provided they are thrown
on the market by me as receiver, and
disposed of at once. This course will
entail a very heavy sacrifice. I am
sure that the only way the depositors
will ever recover any considerable part
of their money Is by backing the re
organization plan.
"I do not care, personally, whether
the reorganization goes through or
not, for it is not the reorganlzatien I
am after; It is to get the money for
the depositors, and the reorganization
is the only way I know of doing It.
Depositors should not hesitate. Every
banker, every financial authority that
has been consulted, warmly Indorses
the reorganization plan as the only
way that depositors can get back any
thing like the amount they had in
the bank when It failed."
President Day and Secretary Rich
mond, of the Depositors' Association,
who have done a great work In car
rying on the campaign for reorganiza
tion, are well-nigh discouraged and
will not continue the work unless
more encouragement Is given. They
declare they are greatly disappointed
in the subscriptions and that they will
not continue to urge depositors to do
anything against their own wishes.
"The perversity of human nature is
shown,' said President Day last night,
"by the ' fact that depositors In the
closed bank have to be urged to ac
cept S per cent security in return for
a part of their claims, while in every
other bank failure a depositor who
was able, through Influence with the
receiver or otherwise, to get a 4 or 5
per cent security counted himself ex
tremely .fortunate."
END BFliS TRACK
WRECKERS AT WORK ON FAM
OUS RACING PLANT.
Site Soon to Be Transformed Into
City Building Lots and Im
proved Streets.
Within a few days the Irvington race
track, so far as Its huge grandstand and
stables are concerned, will be a thing of
the past. The ruthless wreckers will get
in their work and Instead of-the wild
din of human voices, shouting "They're
off!" there will be. the sound of the ax
and the crashing of falling timbers.
When the courts took a hand in closing
the famous old racing plant. Its swan
song was sung and in the years that are
to come homes will be erected In the field
and cutting across the long oval track,
where the flying feet of many horses
flashed In their mad flight for the wire,
will be city streets and sidewalks. Chil
dren will romp on the spot where thou
sands of dollars have been won and lost
and only those who were once promi
nent in the palmy days "of racing at Irv
ington, will recall the days gone by.
ine passing or Irvington track marks
an epoch In the progress of Portland.
When the city began to grow arid the
Last Side began to expand, the broad
acres inclosed by the high fence around
the track, became valuable. Homes and
churches began crowding close to the
track. This set the seal of doom upon
the place as a racing plant and It Is
doubtful, even If the game had not been
molested by the far-reaching digits of
the law, whether racing would have con
tinued there until the present time.
Since the property, by virtue of the
conditions of the lease held by the Mult
nomah Fair Association, became the prop
erty of the association, it was decided
that the racing plant was to be cut up
into lots and thrown on the market. The
association has completed its work of
platting the property and early this week
a force of men will start tearing down
the grandstand, stables and fences.
A. R. Diamond, president of the Multno
mah Fair Association, Sanford Hlrsch
and several other officials of the old rac
ing association, visited the track the
other day and took a last look at the
plant. No tears were shed, yet at the
same time before the mind's eye of each
member of the group there passed In re
view scenes of former days at the track.
The big grandstand stood silent and
ghost-like. Still fastened to one of the
huge uprights was a placard bearing the
legend, "Beware of Touts."
When Mr. Diamond's eye caught sight
of the card he told the story of a prom
inent business man, who unfamiliar with
the racing game, on reading the sign one
day, turned innocently to Mr. Diamond
and asked: "What is a tout, that the
public should be warned?" Then the
group fell to telling stories of the good
old days.
Warehouse .Falls With Crash.
ROSEBURG. Or., Oct. 19. (Special.)
With a terrifio crash and a noise heard
over a good portion of the town, a ware
house belonging to T. R. S.eridan, George
Kohlhagen and Kruse & Newland col
lapsed today about noon. Only a few
days ago the Relss carnival was held
alongside the structure, and hundreds of
people lounged about and under It. and
only an hour before the accident one of
the drays was on the approach for a
load. Twp carloads of prunes were un
loaded this morning, and that constituted
the added weight that caused the fall.
The building was erected Boon after the
completion of the railroad to Roseburg in
1871
NEW CLUB
JSC- - 4
M. G. Mil illy, Prenldemt.
The new East Side Improvement
Association, which was organized at a
meeting held Friday night. Is an out
growth of a Ninth ward club. The old
name was dropped for the reason that
It limited the scope and membership to
that ward, and It was desired to have
an organization that would cover the
R
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I
3
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t-Wnti mini ft-tny yi-----'" -
RESORTS TO NOOSE
Despondent Prisoner Attempts
Suicide in City Jail.
USES TOWEL AS A ROPE
John Morenoos, Ex-Convict, Arrest
ed for Grand Larceny,, Has No
Thanks for Those Who
. Cut Him Down.
Despondent over his arrest by Police
Detectives Price and Hellyer on a
charge of grand larceny, John More
noos, an ex-convlct from Minnesota,
last night tried to hang himself to a
bar in his cell on the top floor of the
City JaiL His struggles were heard
by Police Matron Simmons, who called
for help, and Captain Slover and the
station staff, hastened to the scene.
They succeeded In cutting the man
down and saving his life, though his
condition for a time was critical.
After being defeated by the officers
In his desperate attempt to destroy
himself, Morenoos was removed from
the cell In which he had attempted to
take his life to another on the ground
floor. He refused to make any state
ment as to. his reason for the act, ex
cept to say that he preferred death
to prison again.
The police are inclined to believe
that perhaps Morenoos is guilty of
some serious crime, and fears that it
will now be brought to light. They
are Investigating his record and hope
to establish a more satisfactory motive
for his deed of last night.
Morenoos was arrested about 7
o'clock in a room in a lodging-house
at First and Clay streets, in company
with William Wren, a morphine fiend
and ex-convict, after Price and Hellyer
had overheard a damaging conversa
tion between the pair, having con
cealed themselves in an . adjoining
room for the purpose. The officers
knew the men they were after were
criminals, but had no direct evidence
against them until they heard their
plans discussed through the thin wall
that separated them from the pair.
The prisoners were planning how to
dispose of a watch that Is said to have
been stolen from C. A. Blakely, fore1
man of the Union Laundry barn. Price
and Hellyer walked into the room at
this juncture and took both men Into
custody. They found the gold "watch
the two had been speaking of, and it is
held as evidence.
Morenoos wept on the way to head
quarters, and pleaded innocence, but
having been caught with the stolen
watch in his possession .and having
been overheard in the damaging con
versation, he was booked on a charge
of grand larceny, and was later placed
in an upstairs cell.
When Jailer Endlcott took supper to
the prisoners, he had to return to the
ground floor for bread, and it was be
tween the time he descended in the
elevator cage and his return to the
cell that Morenoos nearly succeeded in
committing suicide. The Jailer was In
haste to get through with his work,
and called to the prisoner several times
to come out and get his food. Matron
Simmons then Investigated,, and saw
the prisoner hanging by the neck.
He had used the roller towel In the
cell for a rope.
Morenoos has been working in a
local coffee house, and It is alleged
that he has been disposing of watches
and other goods stolen by Wren, who
is known as a pickpocket.
In' Reply to Judge Hatton.
ST. HELENS. Oct. 19. (To the Edi
tor.) As The Oregonlan correspondent
I desire to comment upon County
Judge Hatton's statement in The Ore
gonlan this (Saturday) morning. I
gave the amount paid at $18,000. The
Judge, to use his own words, says:
"We desire to state that the County
Court has only paid out $17,000, and
further, that the County Court of Co
lumbia County has generally got value
received,' and this course will be no
exception to the rule." The records
show Columbia County paid Nease
$17,262.99, and to John Cheldelln, for
checking up on Nease, $598.70, a total
of $17,861.69, and I believe Mr. Chel
delln still, has a claim against the
county. '
The Judge's statement that he does
not depend wholly upon the District
Attorney either to "draw our contracts
or defend the ones we have" In the
light of recent events is undoubtedly
correct. E. H. FLAGG,
Oregonlan Correspondent.
Old Man Dies Aboard Streetcar.
TACOMA. Wash., Oct. 19. (Special.)
Gilron Slach, about 80 years old. died
on a South Tacoma car today. Conduc
tor Roberts says Slach, who appeared
very feeble, got aboard the car at the
Northern Pacific depot with the assist
ance of his son, who is a telegraph
operator at the depot, and expired sud
denly after the car had gone a few
blocks.
HAS WIDE
W. C. North, Vice-President.
district between Sulllvans Gulch and
the Columbia River. Councilman R. E.
Menefee and W. T. Vaughan both par
ticipated in the organization, and there
were over i0 representative citizens
present at the meeting. Its first act
was to appoint a committee to co
operate with the other clubs toward
securing 'the erection of a stone high-
J", - f I 't ' '
BUBONIC PLAGUE SCOURGE OF MANKIND
- t T " 1 1
FROM EARLY TO MODERN TIMES THOUSANDS HAVE SUCCUMBED TO RAVAGES
WHICH ARE NOW CHECKED BY MODERN SCIENTIFIC METHODS.
BY. DR. MAX AXBL.ROOD.
SINCE the Interview which appeared
in last Sunday's Oregonlan, describ
ing my experiences during a plague
epidemic in Russia, I have been asked by
many to give further observations on the
epidemic as well as details of the diagno
sis and treatment of the disease.
Plague Is called any destructive pes
tilence, especially a specific acute and
malignant fever, which often prevails in
Egypt, Syria and Turkey, and has oc
curred epidemically at different times
and places In the large cities of EJurope.
It is attended with nervous disturbance
and usually accompanied by buboes, or
swellings of the Inguinal or other lym
phatic glands, and occasionally with car
buncles, pustules, spots and petechiae of
various colors and distributed In differ
ent parts of the body. There are vari
ous" kinds of plagues, as for instance:
"Black plague" the plague which rav
aged in Europe in the 14th century.
"Bubonic plague" an epidemic con
tagious disease of great virulence, which
has prevailed in different parts of the
world from a very remote period. It
begins with slight fever and thirst and
within a few hours swellings appear in
the axillae or groins, or upon the neck,
or In two, even in three, places at once.
Delirium and unconsciousness rapidly
follow an Intense fever and pain.
"Cold plague" a malignant .form of
blllious pneumonia.
"Hunger plague" Indian plague, "a
contagious adynamic fever, met with in
India: also called "Mahamory."
. "Levantln plague."
"Lung plague" the contagious pleuro
pneumonia of cattle.
"Plague in the guts" a malignant
cholera which was known in India in
the 17th century. ,
"Swine Plague," or hog cholera.
"Syrian Plague," or Aleppo boll, or
Aleppo button, a cutaneous disease, ob
served in Syria and other countries of
the Levant.
So far as to the lexyeology or the
meaning of the word "plague" and of
the different kinds of plagues.
Causes of the Disease."
Now a short account as to its etiolo
gy, or causes of the'dlsease. The pre
disposing causes can be summed up as
follows: The . malady can only exist
when the surroundings are favorable,
notwithstanding the fact that plague
is' a germ disease and cannot arise
spontaneously. Badly ventilated rooms,
crowded dwellings, the accumulation of
decomposing animal and vegetable ma
terial are the conditions most frequent
ly found where the plague exists, con
sequently unhealthy surroundings, and
in consequence of it the low physical
vitality of the Inhabitants of such dis
tricts are potent predisposing causes
for , such scourge. In this particular
the history of Egypt throws some light
on the causes of the . plague In that
country, for since the fourth cen
tury, when the custom of embalming
bodies - of' the dead was discontinued,
the advent of Mahometanism two cen
turies afterward reduced the Inhab
itants to the lowest stage of civiliza
tion. The dwelling-houses, small. Ill
ventilated and crowded, were surround
ed by putrefying masses of animal and
vegetable matter, including the hu
man dejecta, from which arose an
overpowering stench. The cottages
had simply an earthen floor, and a few
feet underneath were buried the dead
bodies of the previous occupants. This
also emitted a horrible odor. The In
habitants lived on most unhealthy
food, and that often in insufficient
quantities. The same unsanitary con
ditions existed in the villages as well
as in Cairo, a city of 200,000 inhab
itants, and it was always found that It
was only under such conditions that
the plague existed in its most violent
form, and there Is no wonder that
nearly all the medical authorities are
unanimous in the opinion that Egypt
and Turkey were the breeding places
of the bubonic plague.
Marshy districts, such as are found
at the mouth of rivers, are favorable to
the spread of Hie disease. It is also fa
vored by moderate warmth and damp
ness. It will interest to mention that
the devastating epidemics of the sixth
century were accompanied by unusual
seismic disturbances which lasted for a
period of over 50 years. It commenced
from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius
with the destruction of Catania, then
followed a great many earthquakes, the
most fearful of which destroyed Antloch
(Anno 626), where 250,000 people perished.
In the year 551 another earthquake trav
eled In a bow-shaped line from Constan
tinople to Alexandria, devastating on its
march the shores and Islands of the
Aegean Sea, on' the eastern shores of the
Mediterranean. In 554 another earthquake
visited Constantinople, the ferocity of
which can only be imagined. According
to the historian Agathius, the last sub
terranean shakes were ' felt on the 90th
day from the commencement. Among the
unusual atmospheric manifestations of
that period the historians Trocoplus, Te
ophanus and Kadras tell us that the sun
lost her brightness and was obscured
for over a year.
The Plague in China.
Dr. Buchanan, Director of . the English
Medical Board, Nelten Radcllffe, authors
Lyanblygien, N. Wendt and Chinese Cus
toms Official Emlle Rocher observed the.
epidemic in Yun-Nan. Guy-Chow and
Pack-Choi, near Tonkin, in 1882. Their
SCOPE
I,. K. Sanvle, Secretary.
school building on the three-acre tract
recently purchased in the Patton ad
dition, and another committee to aid In
persuading the County Court to make
arrangements to keep open a portion
of the Burnslde-street bridge while re
pairs are being made.
The officers are: President, M. G.
Munly; vice-president, W. C. North;
, r7r"' ' 7" """"""
description of the symptoms of the plague I,
are , remarkable in -their accuracy. Dr.
Ayers, the chief colonial doctor in Hong
kong, and Dr. Bennle. of Canton, gave
very valuable accounts-' and pathological
symptoms of the plague In Canton In 18S2,
where 60.000 coffins were used In a short
period of five months in a city of 1,500,000 !
inhabitants. In April, 1S82, the plague
appeared in Hongkong, but ..was not rec
ognized as such in the beginning and only
when in the hospital Dun-Wa entered a
number of patients who thavlng been ap
parently well) suddenly fell sick with a
105-degree fever, severe headache, rest
lessness, stupor, with swelling of the
lymphatic glands In the armpit, etc.
Temperature sometimes fell a few de
grees, the patient became' unconscious
and died on the second day, if not sooner.
Dr. Lawson, the inspector of the city
hospital In- Hongkong, went" to Canton
and on the 23d day of April visited with
Dr. Bennie the pest-rldden districts and
the Chinese hospital, where they found
that from 36 patients who entered the
hospital on the 22d of April 22 died. He
returned to Hongkong satisfied that the
Hongkong cases were identical with the
cases he saw in Canton, and only then
they adopted proper measures to stamp
out the scourge. At a meeting of the
city and sanitary officials In Hongkong
(April 28, 1882,) while the discussion was
going on about measures to fight the
plague, Dr. Ayers took the situation op
timistically and said: "I don't see any
reason for being alarmed, since the
plague Is such an ordinary disease In
Asia as the tetechial typhoid fever Is in
Europe." From that the writer has a
right to conclude that we were mistaken
In looking for the hotbed of plague in
Egypt and Persia only, as we have it
nearer home in India and China.
Facts About the Plague.
From the above we can come to the
following conclusions:
1. Plague Is an acute contagious dis
ease, originating from a specific exciter
plague bacillus. . .
2. On the globe there are several
places where the plague exists, so to say,
permanently, or endemic. For Instance,
several districts in the southwest part
of China, as Jun Nam and the neighbor
ing provinces: the province of Gurval
Kumaon, In West India, on the southern
declivity of the great Himalaya Moun
tains, and several localities near Ker
bel. In Mesopotamia.
3. In ,the above localities the plague
contagion exists in the soil, on account
of the superficial burying of the dead
from plague, and saturation of the soli
with decomposed organic matter.
4. In places where the plague exists
endemically the , disease oftentimes
breaks out In the form of an epidemic
and is then exported, so to say, to neigh
boring, far-away countries.
5. The most favorable agents to the
snread of plague epidemics are: Famine,
wars and other misfortunes which
weaken and act deleteriously on commu
nities;
6. The plague is extremely contagious
and spreads mostly through human com
munication and exchange or commerce,
even through the mail.
7. The contagion is communicated to
Die healthy by the sick and from the
dead by this scourge, as well as from
clothing and other articles which were
used by the sick or with which they
came in contact. . .
8. The contagious elements are con
tained In the pus of the buboes. In the
blood, viscera and different organs of the
body of the afflicted with the plague,
and of those who died from it: also in
the discharges of the patient and in the
atmosphere surrounding him.
9. The contagious elements, once they
adhere to various materials (for In
stance, to linen, clothing, bedding, car
pets, silk mufflers, even ropes), can
exist there a long time for months, even
years, without losing their virulent char
acter. For Instance: In 1829 an epidemic
of plague broke out in the monastery.
Saint Jean d'Arc, after they opened
boxes and trunks containing clothing of
persons who died from plague two years
before.
In 1553 a plague epidemic broke out
which was traced to the handling of the
clothing and other articles which did
belong to people who died 11 years before.
Trlnkavelll cites a case where an eplT
demlc broke out after ropes, which were
used to bury the dead from a plague
epidemic 20 years before, were taken out
from a trunk.
According to the eminent epidemlolog,
Fracastora, a plague-infected fur over
coat was used successively by 25 differ
ent men, and every one of them suc
cumbed to the plague. In Egypt a muf
fler was used successively by ten sol
diers, and every one of them was laid up
with the disease.
10. The bubonic plague contagion
can enter the body through the skin
as well as through the inner organs
lungs and gastro-intestinal canal.
11. Depending from the surface of
Inoculation of the contagion, the dis
ease manifests itself, or in the form
of superficial localization mainly In the
lymphatic glands, "bubonic plague."
or in the form of Internal localization
In the lungs or Intestines, "black
death."
12. The plague attacks not only hu
man beings, but also animals, mainly
rats and mice, pigs, hogs, goats, buf
faloes, snakes and insects, as, for In
stance, flies and ants.
' 13. Rats which are Infected with the
plague contagion are very dangerous
distributers of the. contagion, and so
EAST SIDE IMPROVEMENT ASSO
CIATION PLANS BIG WORK
R. K. Li. Simmons, Treasurer.
secretary, L. E. Sauvle; treasurer, R. E.
L. Simmons. The executive committee
will be appointed at the next meeting
of the association, which will be next
Friday night. Revenues of the club
are from .voluntary subscriptions. All
working committees will be appointed
and are not named in the constitution
and by-laws.
are flies. They have to be done away
with at any cost.
14. The most effective means to
check the spread of the plague are:
r lrst, rigid quarantine and enforced
isolation of all the sick from the
healthy; second, the Improving of the
sanitary conditions of the lnfocted
places; third, to watch the inhabitants
as to the appearance of the first light
symptoms of the disease.
15. T,he best individual prophylaetlo
(preventative) measures against the
plague are: First, to keep away from
the source of contagion: second, to
avoid everything that can weaken the
system, as for instance overwork, men
tal or physical, worrying, fretting,
over-indulgence In food or drinks,
sleepless nights, etc.; third, to observe
the strictest cleanliness of the dwell
ing, clothing and body; fourth, to bathe
or wash oneself repeatedly during the
24 hours, and to cover the body with
some oily or fatty substance, for It
was observed by ancient (Dr. A. Langer
and Dr. Alfanus in 1575) and moderu
scientists that water-carriers and ven
dors of oil were not attacked by the
plague.
I mentioned before that the plague
can be carried by clothing, bedding,
etc., which have come Into close
contact, with persons suffering from
the disease, consequently It is impera
tive that wearing apparel, linen,
bedding, carpets, furniture, even pic
tures and books, used by plague-stricken
patients or were in their immediate
Vicinity, should first be thoroughly dis
infected, or better still, destroyed,
burned up, and not burled underground.
Dangerous Scourge to Mankind.
That the bubonic plague is the most
dangerous scourge which can befall
humankind and that vigorous prophy
lactic and preventive measures must be
adopted to fight the disease was known
to physicians and authorities in the
middle ages. I quote some truly inhu
man barbaric measures adopted by
Barnabo Visconty, the Herzog of Milan,
in the fourteenth century during the
panic of the plague. He ordered the
destruction of all the buildings in
which pest-rldden people were found,
and killing off the sick and even the
people who nursed them. 'The order of
killing the sick was afterward changed
to an order to drive out the sick from
the towns and leave them to their fate
without care or shelter, so that many
dying and dead were found on the
highways. Only in the sixteenth cen
tury they commenced to make use of
isolation of plague-stlcken people and
plague-stricken districts. The way of
accomplishing the latter, however, was
not less barbaric and Inhuman than
the prder of the Herzog of Milan, name
ly, any city where the plague ap
peared was surrounded by a strict cor
don and as no other means to fight
the scourge was known at that time,
the locked-up people in that city were
left to their own fate. Verllied and
suspected cases were dragged by force
into so-called Desthounen hv on Oflnl o rv
pointed bverseers, with the result that
really sick, suspected sick and over
seers died one by one from bubonic
plague or from starvation, and those
who tried to break through the cordon
were shot down. In 1629 the bubonlo
plague broke out In Italy In a city
of 10,000 inhabitants. Immediately the
authorities forbade the inhabitants to
leave the city ! under a death penalty
and when attempts were made by some
of the citizens to leave secretly, the
order was given to destroy the place
and everything and everybody in It by
fire. This order, however, was not
carried out, as the plague had already
spread to the neighboring cities. With
what strictness quarantine measures
were adopted in the nineteenth cen
tury, I will mention the bubonic plague
in Naja. Italy. When the bubonic
plague appeared in that port in 1815
the city was immediately surrounded
by three cordons.; between each of them
were dug out deep trenches; nobody
dared to cross the second cordon under
the penalty of being shot. The first
night after this order was given an
unfortunate sick tried In his delirium
to run through the second cordon, but
was shot by the guard. One of the
citizens threw over from the city a
pack of playing cards to a soldier on
duty on that cordon and both were
courtmartlaled and shot, and only by
such vigorous measures was the dis
ease prevented from spreading outside
me city ot in a j a.
Plague In Odessa.
In September, 1837, the Bubonic plague
was imported from Constantinople, to
Odessa by a merchant vessel. For a
whole month the disease was not recog
nized as such, but as soon as the physi
cians became satisfied that It was the
plague, Odessa was completely Isolated
from the outside world. Churches, ad
ministrative offices, stores, cafes, liquor
houses,, etc., were closed. The use of table
cloths and napkins was forbidden In
hotels and restaurants. Tableware and
money were received through vinegar and
water.
The Governor-General of the province.
Prince WoronzofT, ordered the. immediate
division of the city in small sections, the
houses of which were inspected by offi
cials specially appointed for that task,
and daily cleaned and disinfected. The
inhabitants of infected houses were taken
to the quarantine, while their dwellings,
watched by . sentinels, were fumigated,
aired, and all rubbish and belongings
destroyed by fire. The sentinels were
strictly forbidden under a death penalty
to communicate with anybody or to ac
cept from anybody, or to touch anything
while, on duty. They were also warned
not to step on rubbish or straw, but to
step on a narrow path covered with a
mixture of sand and lime. Citizens were
supplied with provisions from the sur
rounding, farms by special appointed
commissioners and only one driver to a
long string of wagons with food stuff
was permitted to leave the city, while
the empty ' wagons and horses were
washed and scrubbed with sea-water at
the city gates (city limits), before the
sentlneis let them pass. By using
such vigilance and strict measures, to
which the citizens gave, willingly their
aid and hearty and energetic co-operation,
Odessa, a city of 60,000 inhabitants,
lost In four months only 108 by death
through the plague, and the Immediate
vicinity was saved from the scourge.
. Diagnosis In the earlier stage of an
epidemic it Is often difficult to make
a diagnosis, as the "disease in such
cases does not run a typical course.
While the plague Is at its height the
diagnosis is usually clear. Although
the lesions differ very much In dif
ferent cases, yet there Is a similarity
in- the whole course of the disease.
It may be confounded with typhus,
malignant, pustule, and pernicious in
termittent fever. The principal diag
nostic points are the great hebetude
and collapse, the presence of high fe
ver and the appearance ct buboes and
carbuncles.
Prognosis Plague is an exceedingly
fatal malady. Milder cases occur at
the commencement and toward the end
of the epidemic. There are also milder
epidemics, in which the prognosis is
better.
At the height of the Invasion, when
the poison exists in a condensed form,
many patients die within 24 hours aft
er they are attacked. In such cases
death ensues from collapse. Suppu
ration of the buboes Is a good sign, in
that It demonstrates that the patient
has passed through the most dangerous
stage of the disease. Death often comes
later from pyaemia or septicemia.
The presence of carbuncles, when they
show limitation. Is not a bad sign.
In the course of the disease, heavy
sweating, remission of fever, return
of the natural appearance of the coun
tenance, and cessation of the nervous
symptoms, may be considered as fa
vorable signs. When buboes occur In
the neck and petechia on the skin, and
muttering delirium, suppression of
urine, 'and severe diarrhoea are pres
ent, the prognosis Is grave.
Treatment of the Plague.
Treatment. There Is no specific for
plague. Like other severe fevers of a
low type, it Is best treated by support
ing measures. The patient should be
moved Into a pure atmosphere. Clean-
liness and good ventilation should bo
enjoined. Good food of such a character
as can be easily assimilated should be
given, together with stimulants. Alco
holic stimulants have been of great
service. Quinine has been given In
large doses with some success. All
forms of lowering treatment, such as
mercurials, blistering, purgatives, etc.,
have been found injurious. There are
other curative means for people afflicted
with bubonic plague, which, I am satis
fied, are known to the majority of phy
sicians, and therefore I deem It un
necessary to mention them here.
' The event of the breaking out of the
bubonic plague In 1894 In Hongkong Is of
immeasurable value to the science of
medicine and to human kind. The Jap
anese Government sent in the Spring of
the same year a scientific expedition,
at the head of which was Professor
Aoyama. for clinical, and Kitasato, for
bacteriological Investigations, and to
study and investigate the scourge. The
commission arrived in Hongkong on the
12th day of June, 1894. A few days
after their arrival they made a post
mortem examination of a bubonic plague
victim, and they found In the contents
of the swollen glands In some of the
Inner organs, as well as In the blood, the
exciting cause of the plague a short
rod with rounded , up ends. The
presence of this rod was also established
beyond any doubt in the blood of plague
stricken people during life. This dis
covery was also confirmed at 15 con
secutive autopsies, and by 25 out of 30
sick people, They made of these rods
a culture, and without much difficulty
succeeded in infecting with the serum
(or cultures) mice, rats, guinea pigs and
rabbits. All these animals died between
one and four days with all the typical
symptoms characteristic of the plague.
Gnawing animals were Infected even
with the dust taken from rooms occu
pied by plague-stricken people. Kita
sato was the first to give us the bac
teriological foundation to fight the
plague by means of disinfection as well
as by other means. It was proved that
the micro-organism of the plague 1s not
very stable, for it was shown that the
drying out of this little rod ' kills it
within four days, the direct rays of the
sun within three and four hours; In
bouillon cultures the micro-organism of
the plague perishes at 212 degrees Fah
renheit within 30 minutes, and at 257
degrees Fahrenheit in shorter time still.
A one per cent solution of carbolic
acid kills this bacillus in one hour's
time, and a one-half per cent solution
In two hours. A one per cent solution of
lime kills the bacillus Instantly. Shortly
after the arrival of the Japanese com
mission at Hongkong came also a
French scientific commission, headed by
Professor Yersin, who also made bac
teriological Investigations, the results of
which he published in September, 1894
(Yersin La Pest Bubonlque a Hongkong.
Annales de l'Instltute Pasteur, 1891.)
Plague Bacillus Discovered.
Independent from Kitasato and Ao
yama the French bacteriologist suc
ceeded In making a culture from
corpses of plague-stricken people and
found the same bacillus, studied Its
properties and came to Identically the
same conclusions as the Japanese sci
entists. He also succeeded to Infect
mice and rats with the above serum
and also noticed that the Infected ani
mals being placed In one cage with
healthy ones infected the latter. Yer
sin also discovered a little rod. Identical
with the plague rod, nve centimeters
deep In the dirty soli of Infected
places during the height of the epi
demic as well as during its abatement;
although It possessed only a very
slight degree of virulence In compari
son with the rod taken from the In
flamed glands of plague-stricken peo
ple. At the present day the whole
medical world Is satisfied that the Im
mediate, existing cause of bubonlo
plague is this specific short rod with
rounded ends which was discovered by
Kitasato and Yersin. As to the rela
tionship of the plague bacillus to oxy
gen It was found that It can develop
where there Is an access to air or not.
I already mentioned that the bacillus
perishes In high temperature, that ex
plains why as it was observed, the epi
demic of bubonic plague declines in
very hot and dry weather.
It Is worthy of notice that before
the breaking out of an epidemic there
is always a great mortality among
rats and mice, so that In India the
inhabitants abandon their homes and
flee to the mountains, as soon as they
notice mortality of the rodents. The
discovery of Yensln of the plague ba
cillus in the Infected soil counts for
the infection of mice and rats, they
In their turn, having the plague ba
cillus in their system, leave the germ
of the -bacilli with their excrement in
the grain and flour and other food
stuff; this Is one way how we can
count for the appearance of the plague
bacillus in the human body. Among
domestic animals dogs, cows, swine
and horses are also considered to be
carriers of the Infection with the ex
ception , of cats. Flies, mosquitoes,
and ants are also good carriers of the
infection. The. infection can also be
transmitted through the skin, but In
that case the skin has to be somewhat
broken, abraided; as it was noticed in
former epidemics that people who went
barefooted, like, for instance, Chinese
coolies, were easier Infected than Jap
anese who wear wooden sandais. Now,
we understand why all authorities (for
instance Grleslnger) recommended an
notnting the body with oil as a
profllatic and curative measure during
plague epidemic.
To be able to appreclte the value of
the discovery of Kitasato and Yersin
to humankind, I will say this, that as
far back as the fourteenth century the
Pope Clement VI. ordered to send him
the statistics of the number of people
who succumbed from bubonic plague
all over the world and the answer was
"43.000,000."
Since the discovery of the anti-bubonic
plague serum by the above
named scientists and the Haffklns
prophylactic, there were a great many
thousands Inoculations made with that
serum as a curative and preventative
measure. In one city of Bombay the
serum was inoculated to 2341 persons,
of which number only two were at
tacked by the plague and even those
did not die. There were a great many
physicians who subjected themselves
to the inoculation of the antl-bubonlo
plague serum. Among the first
ones were: Director of the school of
medicine In Bombay. Dr. Hatsch: Will
lam Hume Henderson, of Karatchi;
professor of pathology. Dr. Dadalanchl;
members of the Russian scientific ex
penditlon Dr. W. K. Wisekovltch, Dr.
D. K. Zabolotny. Dr. E. A. Redroff, Dr.
Chawkln.'
Old Morris Mine Is Sold.
GRANITE. Or.. Oct. 19. (Special.) It
Is reported here today that Grant Thorn
burg, of this place, has sold to a Kansas
City syndicate the old Morris mine. The
Morris mine Is one of the first mineral
discoveries made in that section and in
the past has produced very rich silver
ore.