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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (July 14, 1907)
THE SUNDAY OKEGOMA.V, PORTLAND, JUL V 14, 1907. l"ai!nBtVEMN INDIA i f r:Wm -kW"- KILLED TREACHIR- S m?lf 0C OREGON REDSKINS 'm&;mi:0X- PmrmA early in the 5oh ONE of the roost picturesque charac ters in the Northwest is Bill Chance, who is spending the evening of his days In Seaside, content to let the strenuous life he has lived be only a pleasant memory. Bill Chance is a man of striking ap pearance, six feet two inches tall. and. although 77 years old, straight as an arrow. He is probably more familiar with the Indians and the Indian wars of this Coast than any man living, having been an active participant in almost every , war with them since he crossed the plains in 1S52. He speaks several In flian dialects and is as familiar with the Chinook Jargon as he Is with English. During the Rogue River Indian war he served as a volunteer, and participated In the Battle of Hungry Hill, one of the most sanguinary fights of all that cruel campaign. His description of the atroci ties he witnessed is so vivid that listen ing to them almost makes the auditor feel he was present. "I have seen," said he, "children wearing swaddling clothes, which the murderous brutes had taken by the legs and beaten their brains out asalnst a rock. And yet many people in the East, actuated by a feeling of senti ment and ignorance, have lifted up their ' hands in horror at the thought of whe men thirsting for the blood of those fiends. As a matter of fact the men who know the cruelty and bloodthlrstiness of On- red man have no more hesitancy In killing an Indian than they would a rat tler. Of the two, the rattlers are the less dangerous and most honorable: they al ways warn before they strike; an Indian, never. "Another thing you must observe. An Indian is always an Indian. No dlffer , ence how much of the veneering of civ ilization he may have acquired: no dif ference if taken when a pappoose. raised to manhood by a white family, without ever seeing one of his kind, latent lies the Indian traits, ready to burst forth In deeds of cruelty and hate, without a moment's warning. I may make an ex ception to this In favor of a squaw, but never with the bucks. "I belonged," said Bill, "to the Ben Wright expedition, and was one of the SO white men engaged in the so-called Ben Wrigbt massacre. Wright was se verely censured for this by the United States officials and stigmatised as a mur derer. A howl was raised throughout the Ha stern press, many insisting that he be courtniartialed and shot. "The whole secret of the killing of those 30 Indians lay In the Indians' treachery. We had these Moloquas (since known as Modocs) penned on a penin- HOW YOU One Woman Who Has Won "I WISH you would tell me how to get rid of moths, they are ruining nil my best clothes." "Cook them:" serenely replied her neighbor. ' "Cook them?" incredulously echoed the voice across the way. "How?" "Well," judiciously answered the model housekeeper, "there are just two ways that are absolutely sure to fix them, suf focating and cooking. As I have my house cleaning to do anyway, I prefer to cook them. You can steam them, or bake them, or boll them. Come over and I will tell you how. I want to rest a while anyway," and she sat down on the top step as the woman from across the way occupied a lower one. "In the first place," she continued, "you must give up all reliance on the common ly advocated methods such as moth balls, tar paper, cedar chests, tobacco,' camphor, sulphur candles, etc., or anything that de pends for Its efficacy upon odoriferous qualities, for the principal result of such proceedings is merely the Impregnation of jour .wearing apparel with an offensive aroma, which diffuses most noticeably when you meet some dear critical friend In a crowded streetcar. Moth Balls a Failure. "Of course, if a moth is penned up with moth balls, It is going to get as far away from any individual moth ball as It can, and so would you. But there is the point being penned up with the moth balls, it simply adapts Itself to the situation, and you have the Darwinian theory ex empltfted. Almost every one of ordinary intelligence knows now by expensive ex perience, if not by reasoning power, that moth, bails have no exterminating quali ties; and if a moth finds its chosen abode occupied by a inoth ball, it proceeds to locate in soma adjacent position not so highly perfumed. As for the tar paper the answer is the same. I have known of vigorous famliies of moths being incu bated and grown to maturity within the protecting confines and peace and quiet ude of tar paper bundles. Cedar chests are no more efficacious except in point of density than tissue paper, "And cold storage? I really believe a moth would survive a trip to the North pole if transportation there Is ever established. It is claimed that a low temperature renders them tem porarily dormant. My experience nas been it also renders their progeny more vigorous. Three years ago 'I unpacked some things from a box that had been stored away at the old home, not giv ing much consideration to a few moths that fluttered, away as. the garments were opened out, foolishly thinking that removing the box would remove danger from the pests. I put it out on this r.orth porch and left it In cold storage all Winter. In the Spring, when their regular hatching period came, I found moths in every room In the house. "I congratulated myself that I had at least raved the contents of the box, which had been in a temperature be low the freezing point most of the BILL CHANGL sula that ran into a lake, near Lost River, about two miles this Side of the California line. Escape was impossible, so they sent a messenger, under a flag of truce, asking for a peace conference, to be held at 12 o'clock the following day, which Wright immediately granted. The significance of the hour did not oc cur to him. At the noon hour the men would be engaged in eating dinner or attending to their horses, thus being en tirely off their guard. "During the night a squaw came into camp and informed Wright that the In dians would all attend the' council; that they would wear their blankets, under which their firearms would be con cealed, and. at a given signal from the chief, all the whites were to be mur dered in cold Wood. This, you observe, after promising to come unarmed. "The next day - everything in camp went on as usual. The most wary In dian eye could detect nothing in the white man's camp to indidcate any knowledge of the premeditated treachery. "At the appointed hour, while the whites were apparently engaged about their camp duties, the Indians marched solemnly Into camp, and fell Into such positions as enabled them to observe every -man in camp, with the chief fac ing Captain Wright. "When the crucial moment arrived, Wrigiit raised his hand to his hat, when instantly 30 rifles, in the hands of as deadly marksmen as ever pulied a trig ger, poured a storm of lead into that MAY GET RID OF MOTHS Undisputed Victory OTer the Insects Discloses Her Effective Method. Winter. Upon examination 1 found there the largest and most active moths of my entire stock, those In the warmly heated rooms being small and delicate In comparison. I was almost frantic. I took the advice of every one I knew who had ever harbored one of the genus, used moth balls, cam phor, tobacco, tar paper etc.; singly and collectively, with the result that by wrapping up all surplus wearing ap parel I lessened the chances of such promiscuous colonizing as had taken place the Summer before, the prin cipal survivors being from some of the eggs that had been in seams or l:n ings, where my vigorous brushing was unable to dislodge them. Birth of the Idea. "One day while pressing a garment that had been rolled in tar paper all Summer, yet showed signs of moths that I knew were not there when I so carefully brushed them and put them away, the idea came to me as the hot steam from the wet cloth next to the iron went through the coat to the ironing-board, that any moth egg or larva underneath that iron surely would be cooked past any reviving, and all at once a certain solution of my difficulty came to my mind I would cook them. Hence, steamed moths were first on my menu. I got out every article of wearing ap parel that could be touched with an iron and steamed them thoroughly with a wet cloth laid over them, pressing with an iron hot enough to drive the steam through to the ironing board. For my velvet carpets and rugs I tore an old sheet In half, wet it." wrung it lightly, and Ironed over every inch o the carpets as they lay on the floor, after they bad been thoroughly dusted and cleaned for the Summer. I even took scraps of cot ton, silk and woolens, left from cutting out garments, and passed a hot iron over them; for, if a moth can't find a woolen place to lay eggs it will use soft cotton or silk. To make sure, I went over everything, for one moth can ruin a $50 garment. "They seem to have a cultivated taste for the most conspicuous place on the garment. , "In collecting the things to be steamed I found some that could not be ironed, such as millinery, velvets, old gloves, shoes and various odds and ends, yet by laying on papers in a carefully heated oven, could be subjected to a degree of heat sufficient to disintegrate animal tis sue without harm to fabric. Thus I had baked moths.' Washable' Material Boiled. "All washable cotton materials were simply immersed in a vessel of boiling hot water for two or. three minutes, and there were my boiled moths." "It was quite a lot of trouble, but as I did It at regular house-cleaning time, the extra 'work was small in comparison to the relief of being free from the harass ing worry of airing and brushing all my clothes every time I would see a moth fluttering to the light, then chasing it to some shadow, perhaps catching it and as often not. 1 actually got so that the very sight of a moth would turn me sick in distress at the thought of the surprised body of Indians, who had come to kill, and instead were killed. Not one of them escaped, and so sud den and unexpected was the attack and so fatal in its results, that not one of them had time to remove his blanket or raise his gun, and they all had their guns -concealed under their blankets. "This," continued Mr. Chance, "is the true story of the so-called 'Ben Wright massacre.' It was simply a question of killing or being killed, and Wright took the only sensible course and killed. Who, I ask, under the circumstances would have done otherwise? And echo questions "Who?" " "The most daring act of bravery I ever saw," continued Mr. Chance, "oc curred at the Battle of Hungry Hill. A man by the name of Miller had his leg broken by a bullet, and when the troops retreated under the galling fire of the Indians, Miller was left lying on' the field. David Inmcn went back to Mil ler, picked him up. and amid a raging stwrm of bullets carried him to a place of safety. Marvelous as It may ap pear, neither of them was touched by a bullet." Bill Chance is serenely passlna- over 1 the last part of the road leading to the "Great Unknown." He has helped to make the history of . the Wc3t, and although nearing the last milestone, his wit is rapier-like in its keenness and his soul is as full of music as mocking birds at mating time. He will leave the world better for having lived in it. anxiety and labor in store for me of go ing over the clothing the next day It grew to be a standing joke, with my family that I was 'seeing things' when ..j wuuiu oDserve me Wildly dodging about in fnllnn:)., u . ; " . -- --- - ' 'p. . v cuaut cuurae o I a moth in my endeavors to catch it. It " "iccn (easingiy suggested that a mental examination should be instituted in order to control those strange out breaks. " 'But,' sighing reflectively, ."all that is over with, now that I have learned how to cook them. It has been a year since I have had any trouble from them, and so far in my house-cleaning I haven't found one this Spring. The only precau tion I took last Summer was to wrap all woolens In fresh, clean wrapping paper, carefully tied and labeled, so I knew Just " "". o in eduu pacaage, ana I reel X have saved enough money by preserving good clothing to pay for my subscription to two newspapers, several magasines, and a few theater tickets." "What about the suffocation method?" "Well that is a scientific operation, is more expensive, and somewhat danger ous. Try cooking them, and if you don'i have success then, as a last resort, apply the following heroic treatment: Troublesome and Dangerous. "As I said before, the suffocation plan is troublesome, an?i a little dangerous. T would advise you to try every other method first. If you give your furniture a thorough beating, and clean the lint from every crack ' and crevice (I have known moths to nest In sewing machine drawers, and the lint that gathers under the foot of a stove leg), going over things thoroughly once a month through June, July and August, which is the moth's principal hatching time, you can keep them under control. But first heating everything heatable, as I told you last week. You can send overcoats, suits and large cloaks to the cleaners, and have them put through a hot steaming process with a rubber hose. The subsequent pressing can be done in the fall. Then by wrapping every superfluous garment in wrapping paper or sealing them up In pasteboard suit and hat boxes you will greatly lessen conditions favorable to moth propagation, besides saving those same garments from possibility of being ruined. "There are ways of trapping moths which I have not yet described and which I have never heard of being used till I reasoned them out myselt Every moth trapped miens the elimination of a vast progeny. You know their fond ness for animal matter: also that a light at night excites them to fly toward it, then quickly dart to" some dark shadowy corner. If you set a plate greased with any arlmi.i fat un der the bed. dresser, wardrobe, side board, or. other large piece of furni ture, you will in time catch many of the butterflies while they are seeking a place to deposit their eggs. They fly so erratically and drop so rapidly that when they strike the plate they are unable to rise from it, their wings be ing greased. Chicken or goose grease Is best because thei,- odor wiil attract through the moth's instinct for feath ers, which every housekeeper knows is quite pronounced. Another good way Is to hang some large dark woolen gar ment on the wall in the most unfre quented corner of the room and once a week in day time take it outside and search thoroughly. With an ela blue skirt I have caught dozens in that way. Once in two weeks you should thor oughly steam-It, pressing a hot iron over a wet cloth, to kill any eggs that may be deposited or you will find your self running a. moth Incubator rather than an exterminator. A Fur Importer's Method. "F'or your furs, one of the largest Importers of furs in this country told me the method they weed was the only safe way so far discovered. They use a handful of slender switches like wil lows, carefully skinned nd all rough places carefully smoothed down. These they tie firmly together and carefully, yet thoroughly, bent and whip t!:e fur, shaking well to dislodgV. any loose eggs and hairs; then "go all over it with a medium-toothed comb, one that will not pull hairs, yet la fine enough to catch anything! like webbing or spawn. Wrap each gaiment separa tely-In some mothproof- receptacle, yet where It can be examined every four weeks. 'Following this treatment I packed my fur-collared automobllu coat in an extra large tailors' suit box, first open ing it out flat and ironing it all over with a hot iron to kill any .'ggs that might be in the crevices. I steamed the coat as I did the blue skirt and folded It in such manner as to make it least ' wrinkled when taken out in the Fall, and pasted all around the. sides p.nii ends of the box a strip of strong paper wide enough to cover every open ing. The plan proved a perfect suc cess." Salt-Water Sharks in New York Waters NOW that the seashore resorts are again in full swing and the thoughts of many turn to surf-bathing, it is of in terest to inquire what sharks ar found in ".he. wners near New York City, but not on cccount of any danger, for the stories tbout man-eating sharks In this latitude are mostly fictitious. "Although seme of the largest and fiercest species are ocealor'ally found in these waters, the most timid bather need give no t.iought to them; except in the way of curiosity and interest In New York harbor and the adjacent waters are found 29 species of sharks and skate, although some of these are rare, and only occasionally allow them selves 13 be sighted so far from tropical sens. Tht rarest of all is called by the Portuguese name of "peixe carago," and only twf. specimens have ever been found tine on the coast of Portugal, and one, almost ten feet In length, which was washed ashore dead on Long Island, 24 years ag-. One rff the commonest sharks is the little three-foot dogfish, which persists In getting caught when anglers are after edible fish. When numbers of these are captured, a valuable oil Is ex tracted from the livers, and the fish ther.'.sclves are useful as fertilizers. The tier or leopard shark is a wan derer :.-ora tropical 'waters, one of the fiercest of its class, and though here abouts it but seldom reaches a length of ten feet, the full-grown ones are said to measure 3C feet from the point of the great upper tall-fin to the tip of the snout. It is yellowish-gray in -color, with brown spots and cross bands, and the tail tin is one-tfcird the length of the entire body. The dusky shark is called the "nian-eu'c-r," in Great Egg Bay, and measures from two to 12 feet.. It is quite common throughout the Summer. The. snouc is prcnounced, and the eyes are large and round. One of the strangest sharks, and. in deed, one of the oddest looking creatures in the world, is the hammerhead an ex cellent name, for its head is cylindrical, with a w!dth two or three times as great as the length. The eyes are set at the outer angle: of the head, and can thus look up and down at will. There are three rows of triangular white teeth in each Jaw. This veracious fish reaches a length of IS feet, ana though there is little dan ger of its attacking a living swimmer, it will at least devour a dead body. One, 11 feet long, which was killed at Sag Har bor, had eaten portions of a man and his clothing. Small hammerhead have been caught '.n Mew York Bay and several four-foot specimens in Hell Gate. The ground or sand sharks are common r.eur Urn city. They are from four to 12 feet Ions. The teeth are lang and awl shaped, a;d the food lsjnackerel, herring and other small fishes. The color is bronze &iay, with brown blotches. The mackerel shark is greenish in color, and a spe?;men nine feet In length has been caught near the lightship off Sandy Hook. Most voracious of all Is the great white shark. It is sometimes 30 feet long and weighs two tons, and each jaw has no fewer than five rows of large, serrated teeth. It 's fortunately rare near New York. Of a 12-foot specimen captured, it was said: "When f.rst seen it wasswimming in about ten feet of water. A boat's crew having given chase, a harpoon was thrown Into It. when it instantly turned toward tbe boat and seized it with great ferocity r.ear the bow, in which act sev eral of its teeth were broken off. It was evertually killed by being frequently lanced. One captuied in Callfornlan waters had eaten a ycung sea lion weighing 100 pounds. The last o the true sharks and the largest is the basking or elephant shark. Its greatest recorded length Is 40 feet. It la oecafe'orally caught in the lower har bor of New York. Skates end rays are sharks which have become adapted to life on the sandy bot tom, and in consequence have devetoped Into flat, ficunder-IIke forms. The "com mon ray Is well known, but the torpedo or cramp fish is rare. It has a well-developed electric battery within its body, and the shocks from this, passing through a metal harpoon, are severe enough to knock a man down. The sting ray Is much dreaded by fish ermen, as the slime which gets into a wound made by the sharp spines on the back Is intensely poisonous. The cow no3d ray comes Into our bays in droveB and root? Into the mud flats after soft clams. These fish fly rather than swim through the water, flapping their great lateral appendages as a bird does its wings. The empty egg-cases of skates may be picked up by the score along the Coney Island beach dark, oblong objects, with n. tentacle curling outward from each of the four corners. At Oyster Bay. The woodpile crashed and shivered. The blows fell loud and fet, The air cHee out and quivered, A thousand chip flew past, "What means this mighty chopping-?" I asked In great surprise. The natives Bald: "It's only Ted. .' A-cettin' exercise." Tbe hayrick, rearing proudly. Shook sudden to Its heart; I heard a voice yell loudly: "Stsnd ready with the oarti" I cried: '"Who's that beneath it? Will he not come to harm?" The native ild: "It's only Ted. A-llmberin' hi arm." The firm ground started rocking, And shaking to and fro; It trembled till 'twas shocking. From many a far. strange biow. I moaned: "The earth Is Quaking! gee how it starts and squirms:" The native said: "It's only Ted, A-diggln' flshln'-wormsu" Adown th lane came dashing A heated, eye-glassed man. Whose large front teeth were gnashing O'er warm thoughts as he ran. "Whv speeds he so?" I ssked thero . "That sweater round his chest?" The natives said: "It's only Ted, A-lakin' of hta rest. R Ida mo ad Times-Despatch. When General Greely Fought Sioux NEW COMMANDER OF DEPARTMENT OF COLUBIA TALKS OF THE TIME WHEN BUFFALO BILL WAS A HERO II J if" ft 5." J ) 1- 1 - i V- !AJon-(iL;EriAL mfHE." Major-Ueneral A. W. Greely takes charge at Vancouver Bar racks, the Department of the Columbia will have one of the most dis tinguished department commanders who have been stationed here in recent years. Probably nine out of ten people to whom the name General Greely Is men tioned will Immediately recall him as the commander of the famous polar expedi tion of 1SS1 that established the "farthest north"- record 83 degrees 14 minutes, which stood for so many years. But among Army officers and the of ficials of the War Department the nawte of General Greely stands for much mora than an arctic explorer, says Frederick North Shorey In the Chicago Inter-Ocean. This, In reality, was but an incident in a career which has extended over 46 years of active service in the Army, through Indian wars, the War of the Rebellion and the Spanish-American War, through civic riots and disturb ances which required the prompt and decisive action of the military for thtMe suppression, and in negotiations which have saved the Government millions of dollars. General Greely today holds the unique record of being the first volunteer sol dier out of 2.000,000 who entered the Civil War to attain the rank of Major-General in the regular Army, and has the longest record of active service of any General now on the rolls of tiie Army. Despite his long and useful career. Gen eral Greely does not appear a day over F.0 years old. and that he possesses an indomitable will behind the exterior of a country gentleman was evidence by his prompt action a year ago when he took charge of San Francisco after the chaotic condition resulting from the earthquake disaster. In his early days as an officer of the Army, just after the Civil War, General Greely took part in the whirlwind cam paign in the western part of Nebraska near the borders of Colorado, when General Carr wiped out the Sioux In dians in that state and made It habitable for settlers. The campaign ended in the battle of Summit Springs, wherein more than 199 of the Indians were killed and Buffalo Bill laid the foundation of the fame that has stood him in good stead as a showman ever since. His exper ience of Indian fighting in that cam paign General Greely regards as one of the most exciting incidents of his car eer. One day last week, while engaged in his preparations for moving to the Coast. General Greely fell into a reminiscent mood and recalled some of the incidents of the expedition which led up to- the battle of Summit Springs. Like mos Army officers. General Greely is not given to discussing his own experiences, but his recollections of the episodes of those days form an interesting addition to the lore of the frontier, which enterprising showmen of the Buffalo Bill type are at tempting to make realistic. "In reality my experience as an arctia explorer was but a small Incident In my Army career." said General Greely. In answer to a remark concerning his experience on the frontier. "In 46 years of active service in the Army one is likely to run across many experiences of a varied nature, but I sometimes think my connection with that expedition or General Carr's was one of the most ex citing experiences that T ever went through. Of course. I wu but 25 years old then, and perhaps more impressiona ble than I am now, but the recollection of those days is very vivid and pleas urable. "It was In that expedition that I first made the acquaintance of Buffalo Bill, who was our chief of scouts, and I be came very welt acquainted with him. It was in I860 that General Carr started out with his expedition against the Indians in Western Nebraska from Fort McPher son. I was then on the staff of General Augur, and Buffalo Bill, as I said, went along as chief of the scouts. General Carr took six troops of cavalry and a number of Pawnee scouts as well as some civilians. We struck right out into the Indian country, and finally we went into camp in an oxbow of the Repub lican River. "I remember very well going on a buffalo hunt with Buffalo Bill, which finally- resulted In the discovery of the Indian trail that led to the battle of Summit Springs. The day that I went out with Cody on the hunt was a mem orable one to me. The country was so desolate and wild that I recall we had difficulty in ascertaining where we were. We came upon the buffalo in almost countless numbers. There were prob ably 40.000 in the herd that we found. They seemed to extend In every' direc tion. Coming In I left the hunting party and rode away by thyself, and it was on this lone expedition that I ran into the dry camp of Indians., which gave us the first Intimation of the trail that was 4 ' -X ' i. it 1 vS. , & f a. w. urkeli. afterward followed. I informed Buffalo Bill of the dry camp where the Indians had been, and later the expedition de cided to follow up the trail. "One incident of that expedition stands out most vividly in my mind. Toward night the mules that were attached to our wagons had been driven down. Into the water of the river, when suddenly there was a great shouting from the bluffs above, and I knew that a body of Indians must be trying to stampede the mules. I was in such a position that I could see them plainly and there was as much excitement as one could wish for a time. The Indians were finally driven back after considerable firing. "But to revert to the discovery of the Int'lan trial. General Carr decided to follow it. as there- was really nothing else to do. From the indications there was small hope of catching the Indians, they seemed to be moving with such speed, and had It not been for the fact that they halted they would never have been caught. The- result of It was that when they were come up with they were so completely surprised that their defeat was easy." The following short but graphic ac count of the battle is given bV Cyrus Townsend Brady in his book,. "Indian Fights and Fighters." . "Cody, having discovered the location of the village, returned to General Carr and advised him to take a wider detour, keeping his forces concealed among the hills, so that he could approach the In dians from the north, a direction from which they would not be expecting at tack, and whence they might be the more easily surprised. The advice was fol lowed, the command made its encircling march without detection, and formed up ln line of troops, each troop two abreast, in the ravines about 1200 yards from the village. "They were between the Indians and the Platte River. The "camp was located at Summit Springs. Colo. Every prep aration having been made, Carr ordered the bugler to sound the charge. The man was so excited that he was unable to produce a note. Twice Carr gave the command. Finally Quartermaster Hayes snatched the bugle from the agi tated musician and sounded the charge himself, and the whole regiment rushed out into the open. "The Indians made for their ponies and advanced to meet the charge. The rush of the soldiers was too threatening, however. After a hasty fire they broke and fled on their horses, the whole par ty. soldiers and Indian scouts, following after at full speed through the village. The attack was a complete success. Fifty-two Indians were killed and 274 horses and 145 mules were captured. The soldiers 'had one man wounded, with no other casualties. "In the camp 'were found the bodies of two unfortunate white women, who had been captured. Swift as had been the dash of the soldiers, the Indians had taken the time to brain one of the wom- 'en with a war club, while the second was shot in the breast and left for dead. She was iriven every possible attention by the soldiers, who took her back to Fort Sedgwick, and her life was eventu ally saved. Her sufferings and treat ment had been beyond description. Fif teen hundred dollars in money in gold, silver, and greenbacks strange' to say. had been found in the camp. This sum tbe soldiers, by permission of the Gen eral, donated to the poor woman as an expression of their sympathy for her. "According to some accounts, Tall Bull, who was chief of the camp and one of the head chiefs of the Sioux, was killed In this attack. Buffalo Bill tells another story. .The day after the fight the vari ous companies of the Fifth Cavalry which had remained in camp all the en suing day and night, at the insistence of the plucky commander. In spite of the pleas of some of the officers, who, fearing an attack in force, suggested re tiring immediately separated In order to the more effectively pursue the flying In dians. Several days after the surprise the detachment for which Cody was ruide was attacked by several hundred Indians. The soldiers fought them off. killing a number. The chief of this par ty was believed by Cody to be Tall Bull. "Buffalo Bill crept through a ravine for several hundred feet, unobserved by the Indians, until he reached an open ing whence he had the savages In range. Watching his opportunity as the Indians were careering wildly over the prairie, he drew a bead on the chief and shot him dead. Whether that was Tall Bull or not, one fact is clear that he was killed either then or before, for he was certainly dead thereafter. "When the troops were following the Indian trails on the march to Summit Springs, at every place where the In dians had camped they found marks of white women's shoes. It was this knowledge that gave additional deter mination and fire to their magnificent attack." "The account given by Mr. Brady Is .-.: ' 2 as accurate as any that I know of." said General Greely. "and the result of the figiit was certainly decisive. Buffalo Bill In those days was one of the handsom est men and certainly the most efficient stout I ever knew. The people of today have little realization of the conditions that existed in those times. "1 know that IS years after that battle 1 went over the same ground in Nebras ka that we hud traversed on that expe dition, and It would have been impossi ble for m to recognize the country had I not known It to be the same place. There were two railroads running along the trail where we had ridden, and the country all about was built up. The entire country Is changed and the days of the frontier are over. "The personnel of the Army today Is far different than It was In those days," continued General Greely; "the requirements for the soldier are great er also. Of course, then the Army had passed through a long war, which is always demoralizing, not only to the habits of the rank and file, but also to those of the officers. Personally, I believe tha the Army in the United States should be greatly Increased. When you consldet that 4S per cent of the Army Is on foreign service the necessity for this is obvious. Our troops will not get out of Cuba until 1909. The great trouble with our Army at present is that you cannot get men to Join it. as the Inducements are not sufficient. When the average wage of laborers is from $1.50 to $2 a day, and the pay of a soldier is but J13 a month, even when you consider the rations and clothing furnished besides. It will be seen that the lite of a soldier does not hold out alluring prospects. "The pay of both enlisted men and officers should be increased. This is apparent when you consider that Eng land, whose army Is the only one that ours can be compared with, as service there is also voluntary, was obliged to increase the pay of its army. Even the officers of the Army do not start in with sufficient pay. Men after gradu ating from West-Point become Second Lieutenants, and after holding that rank for six or seven years only re-, ceive from $1500 tn 1600. I do not see how the young officers can manage to live upon their Incomes when you consider the exactions that go -with an oftlcer's position in the Army. And when it all is considered it is astonish ing how few officers actually go wrong in spite of the temptation to get into debt. The Army, of course, has its percentage of those wtio do go wrong exactly as do the clergy and other pro fessionals, hut on the whole the Army Is very fortunate. "Discipline is now maintained on a higher scale In the United States Army than it has ever been before. An offi cer who misbehaves is assuredly brought to trial In the shortest space of time. IJvery effort Is made to stimulate tloretlcal study among the officers, and their efficiency is kept up to a high standard. But I nope to, see a substantial increase In the near fu ture, and believe that It will be done." General Greely was asked concerning his belief as to the possibility of war between the United States and Japan. "In a speech at the recent banquet given to General Kuroki, I expressed my opinion upon this subject," said General Greely. "It has always been that there w ould be no war.. Of course, In the contest for supremacy in the Pacific trade between Japan and the United States in the next 10 years there are certain to be complications which will result In friction, but I do not look for war. But It is well for this country to be prepared, and, to my mind, the question of keeping the United States Army up to Its pres ent state of efficiency and increasing it is one of the greatest importance." Our Annual TobaccoSill ON "Mr Lady Nicotine" the people of the United States spend in times as much cash as they spend on the min isters of the Gospel. Our tobacco bill, annually, is double that of our bill for public education or for all the furniture in our houses. We pay out more money for the fra grant weed than for sugar. Every tim we spend 10 cents for bread, we hand over 4 cents for tobacco. All the gold coined In this country last year would fall short of covering our smoking-account by nearly J100.000.000. for we spend yearly for cigars, cigarettes, smoking and chewing tobacco, and snuff more than J300.000.000. The money paid by Americans for smoking equals the amount paid for shoes for our 50,000.000 inhabitants. Smokers burn up an equivalent In cur rency 150 times the sum burned up in fireworks. The vast fortune that we swap for the comfort of smoking, chew ing, and snuffing would build 30 great structures like the National Capitol at Washington. Each year we smoke nearly 8.000,000,000 cigars, cheroots, stogies, and all-tobacco cigarettes. 3.500,000.000 cigarettes with pa per wrappers, and consume 300.0O0.00C pounds of smoking and chewing tobacco and snuff. Ever' day we smoke 22.000.000 cigars and 10.000.000 cigarettes, and either smoke or chew 500 tons of tobacco, all of which costs JSOO.000. Every minute of the 16 hours a day that we are awake we make ourselves poorer by 50O for 23.000 cigars, 10.000 cigarettes and half a ton of plug and fine cut. It Is estimated that there are 13,000.000 devotees of the weed, or about as many smokers as voters. This estimate ia based on the assumption that one person in each six of our population is a puffer of smoke. When the bill for 3OO.00O,0OO Is divided among 13.000.000 smokers, the smoking habit doesn't look so purse-breaking, af ter all. For the amount spent by each smoker Is only about $23 each year, or less than 60 cents a week. And yet the yearly gum lavished on this narcotic herb by any one of thousands of men would build a comfortable country house and support a bed in a hospital besides. -Eight billion cigars a year! Could a man smoke 50 cigars a day. he would huve to live more than 400.000 years to consume all the cigars smoked by the nation in 12 months. In length, cigars average 4H inches. Laid end to end the 8.000,000,(00 would muke a brown streak little short of 570. 000 miles. Cut In half and made into two perfectos or pantellas, the man of earth could, from either of his two cigars, blow smoke directly Into the face of the mtn In the moon. Placed end to end in 160 parallel rows they would floor a bridge across the Atlantic from New York to Llerpool. and floor it tightly, too. July Scrap Book. Soap Jelly. Shred the soap finely; Just cover with cold water and et In a jar or pan on the oven or beside the fire till thor oughly dissolved. It should always be freshly made, as It loses strength if kept long. Use In the proportion of a quarter of a pound of soap to one gallon of water. For small quantities, enough to raise a lather on the water when beaten with the hand.