VOI,. f,rV.-XQ. 1G,GG4. - ' PORTLAND. OREGON, THURSDAY. APRIL 23 -
VERA CRUZ IS
IN AMERICAN
FORCES' HMDS
Occupation of Entire City
Accomplished With Aid
of Smaller Ships.
HOT FIRE MEETS INVADERS
Walls of -Sheltering Buildings
i Shattered by Shells From
iifcuu Scout Cruiser.
NOTICE IS GIVEN OFFICIALS
Fletcher Commands Citizens
to Co-operate for Order.
MAYOR GOES INTO HIDING
Slessenger Sent by Consul Canada
Climbs Over Housetop and Cries
j Message at Executive, but
- y Is Xot Received.
"VERA. CRUZ, April 22. Six Ameri
cans killed 'and about 30 wounded
marked the complete investment of
Vera Cruz at noon today by the United
States forces. Four of these were
killed yesterday and two today.
.Rear-Admiral Fletcher sent -a note
to the local officials, calling on them
to co-operate with the American offi
cers in the restoration of order by call
: Ing off sharpshooters and by resuming
the local government, but It could not
be delivered.
Messenger Is Shot Out.
Juluio Franco, the Mexican chosen
by American Consul Canada to be the
bearer of the warning, was unable to
communicate with any of the federal
officials and only the mayor, Roberto
Diaz, could be found.
When Franco tried to commuicate
with the mayor admission was refused
him by Mexican guards stationed at
the door. Franco then crawled over the
roof of adjoining buildings in the court
of the Diaz residence, but he did not
succeed in seeing the mayor.
Senor Diaz refused to leave his bed
room, 'so Consul Canada's messenger
shouted the contents of Rear-Admiral
Fletcher's note to the Mayor and per
sonally appealed to him to yield in or
der to save the city from bombardment
by the American ships, reminding him
f the grave risk to the families of
Mexicans and others in the city.
VIrCM to Capital Cut.
Communication between the port of
Verar Cruz and the federal capital has
been severed. All the telegraph anu
cable wires are down and E. F. Hunt
ley, superintendent of terminals, has
been unable to ascertain what has be
come of the trains that weron their
way yesterday from Mexico City when
the landing of American marines and
bluejackets took place. At the termi
nal here there are eight locomotives
and several hundred cars.
The unwillingness of storekeepers to
keep their places open and the almost
total depletion of supplies at the res
taurants where the proprietors con
tinued doing business made it difficult
for anyone except the American light
ing forces to obtain anything to eat.
The number of foreign refugees on
board the Esperanza was Increased to
day when several persons, mostly
Americans, took advantage of the lull
in the firing during the early hours to
go on board that vessel.
The captain of the German steamer
Ypiranga, which brought the arms and
ammunition here for General Huerta's
government, today reported to Rear-
'onduied on Page 2.)
-- - -- - - . . . .
J I . SKYLINE OF VERA CRUZ FROM HARBOR ' -
it ' IA ' N s- - ' : " n ' Y ' s , . - '
Lr'-sr-s.1??!?- gJMKr, Mxir, : 1
- VIEIVAIOXC WATEllFROM OF MEIICAN C1TV CU'IIRED BY AMERICAN FORCED " ' " """ ' ' "J " " '"" ' I
" I I "
. , I'lill'li; r M rS rK.M'S.
"VILLA DESERTER,"
SAYS ARMY MAN
HIS PICTURES THOSE OF SER
GEANT GOSVY IS BELIEF,
After North Concho's "Shooting Vp"
in 1875, Mexican and Two
Others Ran Away,. Story Goes.
VANCOUVER, Wash., April 22. (Spe
cial.) That Villa, the Mexi- General,
is a deserter from D Troop, Tenth Cav
alry, U. S. A., is the flat statement of
Sergeant Joseph White, retired, of this
city.
Sergeant White, 52 years old, served
more than 30 years in the Army. He la
positive that the published pictures are
those of the first sergeant who deserted
in 1875. Villa served under the name of
George Gosvy, if Sergeant White's story
is true. His son. Crawford Gosvy,
known as "Cherokee Bill," was hung
in Oklahoma, about seven years ago.
"Villa was a natural leader," says
White. "If a man did not obey in
stantly Villa would oftentimes shoot to
scare him.
"One night. In 1875," continued White,
"a soldier was captured by cowboys
and compelled to 'dance' with six-
shooter accompaniments. His com
rades resented the insult. That night
they committed depredations in North
Concho. In the fight that followed
several civilians were shot..
"The next morning the soldiers
started on a 19-day 'hike A Sheriff
and several deputies armed with war
rants were waiting for Villa and others
on their return.
"Looking at the determined 'soldiers.
the Sheriff and deputies shook their
heads and rode away. At noon Ser
geant Gosvy Villa, Corporal Ferchez
and Private Mace saddled their horses
and rode away, deserters.
"Villa's wife and children were left
at the fort and it devolved on Ser
geant White to care for them,"
PRESBYTERY AT AN END
Southern Oregon Conference Attend
ed by 25 Church Delegations!
ASHLAND, Or..Aprll 22 (Special.)
Sessions of the Southern Oregon
Presbytery closed tonight with a meet
ing of the Woman's Presbyterian So
ciety, Mrs. W. F. Shields, of Medford.
presiding. About 25 churches were
represented at this year's gathering.
The laity was recognized by the
election of J. B. Mason, of Klamath
Falls, as moderator for the ensuing
year.
The Rev. L. M. Anderson, . former
pastor evangelist, will return to the
pastorate at Merrill, in Klamath Coun
ty. Rev. J. K. Baillle, of Phoenix, was
elected pastor evangelist and will
make Ashland the headquarters for the
Southern Oregon district..
The Autumn meeting will be held In
October, the place not being yet desig
nated.
HOSPITAL WORK PLEASES
Pendleton Institution Management
Praised by Xew York Expert.
SALEM, Or.. April 22. (Special.)
Secretary of State Olcott, who, with
Governor West and State Treasurer
Kay, inspected the Eastern Oregon
Hospital at Pendleton Sunday, said to
day that the institution had been great
ly improved in the last year.
"As evidence of the efficient manner
In which the Institution is being con
ducted," said Mr. Olcott, "a woman
transportation agent for the State Hos
pital Commission of New York reported
recently to Dr. John I. McKilvey, in
charge of the Bureau of Deportation
for New York, that she was impressed
with the beauty and appointments of
the Eastern Oregon State Hospital."
NEW SUPERVISOR NAMED
Miss Jennie Bossen Succeeds Miss
Van Bibber In Siuslaw District.
EUGENE, Or.. April 22. (Special.)
Miss Jennie Bossen, of Portland, but
principal or three years of the Flor
ence School, was elected supervisor
over the Siuslaw School district today
to succeed Miss Goldie Van Bibber, who
resigned recently to re-enter the Uni
versity of Oregon.
The appointment of a woman to this
district two years ago was considered
remarkable, inasmuch as the territory
covers a wild, mountainous sea coast
country, through which roads are rare
and over which the supervisor must
travel on foot, on horsevack or by boat.
Cottage Grove to Work Roads.
COTTAGE GROVE, Or., April 22.
(Special.) Elaborate preparations are
being made- for the celebration of Cot
tage Grove Good Roads day next Tues
day, when all the business houses of
the city will close, and all able-bodied
men will be expected to report for
duty on the roads entering the city. The
women of the city will prepare full
lunch baskets and help in making
the day a gala one.
The supervisors of the surrounding
road -districts are co-operating with
the Road Builders' Club and the work
will be done under their supervision.
rarmers will join in the work
SEIZURE ORDERED
BY WILSON HIMSELF
Action Is Taken WHVe
Congress Debates.
PRESIDENT CALLED IN NIGHT
Sleep Broken on Information
Arms Are on Way..
ANSWER QUICKLY GIVEN
Admiral Fletcher Directed to Take
Possession of Custom-House and
. 'n Are on Way Half Hour
After Message Arrives..
' WASHINGTON, April 22. The. story
of how President Wilson ordered the
custom - house at Vera Cruz to be
seized was revealed today.
The President had gone to bed Mon
day after having read his message to
Congress. The Senate was debating the
Joint resolution to approve tne use or
the Army and Navy, and the President
had determined to wlthold action until
It passed, although feeling that In an
emergency the Executive had ample
authority to act.
At 4 o'clock Tuesday morning Mr.
Bryan received a cable from Consul
Canada telling of the approach of a
German vessel with a cargo of ammu
nition for Huerta. Locomotives and
cars were In readiness to rush the arms
to Mexico City. Mr. Bryan telephoned
Secretary Tumulty, who decided to
awaken the President.
Timid Servants Overcome.
He telephoned the White House. The
servants were timid, but Mr, Tumulty
Insisted. Finally the President came
to the telephone, and while Tumulty
was explaining the situation. Secretary
Daniels called up and was put on the
same line.. lie, too, had a dispatch
about the ammunition.
Rear-Admiral Fletcher had . sent a
wireless message that 16,000,000 rounds
of ammunition and 250 machine guns
would be landed from the German Ves
sels by noon that day. The President
listened In silence.
President Quick to Aunrr.
' "What shall we dor asked Secretary
Daniels. . .
"Tell Fletcher to seize the customs-1
house," said Mr. Wilson without hesi
tation. '
"Good-night." said the Secretary.
The telephone conference ended and
in. a few minutes wireless dispatches
were on their way to Rear-Admiral
Fletcher. He received the message at
10 A. M. and an hour later American
marines had landed and taken posses
sion of the customs-house. The ammu
nition will go back to Its shippers In
Germany.-
OREGON CITY GETS FISH
Hatcheries to Plant 500,000 Salmon
in Willamette Below Falls.
OREGON CITY. Or.. Arril 22 rsn..
clal.) That 600.000 salmon fry would
ue piacea in tne Willamette River and
that the fish ladder at the falls of the
Willamette here would be thoroughly
overhauled was the statement of R. E.
Clanton. In charge of the state fish
hatcheries, today.
The first carload of 75.000 fish will
arrive Inthe state fishcar Rainbow
Thursday and the salmon will be placed
in uiq river Deiow tne falls. The other
fish will be brought to the Wlllmtt
during the next ten days and. will be
placed in the river at Clackamas, Eu
gene. Harrisburg and In the Santlam
rtiver.
Eastern Turkeys Take on Xew Life.
ROSERriRfJ rT- inrll ) C t v
, - - j
Four wild turkeys, from New York
niaie, are aoing well on the farm of
C. R. Shipman. near Kiddle. The birds
muopen arouna ior several weeks, but
for a month have taken on new life.
In order to protect the birds the own
er expects to make his 2200-acre farm
a game reserve.
Army Heads Hold Liner.
GALVESTON. Tex.. April 22. Army
headquarters here today ordered the
steamer Denver to stop loading and
hold herself in readiness for emer
gency use by the Government. The
Denver is a 4500-ton Mallorv li ner. car.
rying both passengers and freight, and
j INDEX OF TODAY'S NEWS '
The Weather.
YESTERDAY'S Maximum temperature.
St degrees; minimum, 43.6 degrees.
TODAY'S Showers and cooler; westerly
winds.
Mexico.
Carranza holds whole nation Is affronted by
landing at Vera Crux. Pae 1.
Secretary Daniels quotes Lincoln In letter
to bereaved parents. Page 2.
Hudson says average age of men of fleet
on Mexican coast is 21. Page 1.
Slexure of Vera Cruz customs-house ordered
by President in person. Page 1.
Villa deserted from United States Army,
says retired sergeant. Page 1.
Occupation of Vera Crux by American
forces is completed. Page 1.
American reported tortured by federals.
Page 6.
Rebel chiefs move regarded as surprise.
Page a.
Nine hundred marines sail from San Fran
cisco for pacific border. Page 2.
Financing of war regarded as easy. Page 2.
National.
House cuts down mileage allowance In the
hope that Senate will restore It. Page 8.
Republicans hope to win next House. Page .
Domestic.
Colorado labor war claims more lives.
Page 1. .
Pacific Northwest.
Second effort made to float MIrene. beached
near Newport. Page 8.
Commissioner Hoff promises continuation
of 8-hour fight against Hoard of con
trol. Page a.
Commercial and Marine.
Wool prices firmly maintained In all mar
kets. Page 21.
War excitement sends grain prices high at
Chicago. Page 21.
Stocks are steady In spite of opening of
war. Page 21.
Shipowners are advised by Insurance men
not to assume any accident liability.
. Page 10.
Sports.
Coast League results Portland 8, Venice' 4;
San Francisco 4, Oakland 3' Los Angeles-Sacramento
game postponed, rain
Page 14.
Northwestern League results Portland 8.
Spokane 2; Vancouver S. Seattle B; Vic
toria o. aacoma 8. page 14.
Multnomah manager sees victory at Eu
gene meet. Page 15.
Oaks, bolstered under Devlin, appear to be
league comers, page 15.
Portland and Vicinity.
Official filings for county offices given
Page 20.
Weather report, data and forecast. Page 2L
Rehearing on bridge approach expected soon.
Page 13.
Dorothy Shoemaker and Louis Leon Hale,
Baker stars wed In earnest. Page 13.
Judge Bennett answer questions propounded
by The Oregonlan. Page 0.
Oregon militia.- if called, will probably In
vade West Mexico, says officer. Page 5.
WATER IMPORTANCE T0LO
Engineer Outlines to Students Xew
Demands Upon His Office.
OREGON AGRICULTURAL, COLLEGE.
uorvauis, or.. April 22. (Special.)
The work of the State Engineer's office
was presented to the students of the
Agricultural College this evening by
John H. Lewis, State Engineer. Many
important., and Interesting features
were explained and lllimtraoiH
stereopticon views. Attention was
caueu to many demands for cheap elec
tric power. This production involves a
revision of the state water-power poli
cies, the necessity of conducting stream
surveys and recording existing water
rights, said Mr. Lewis.
J.ne great importance of Irrigation
development. th rtifi,,in. j,-..-...
Carey Act projects, and the necessity
of eliminating the promoters' profits
and high interest rates, together with
safeguarding the public funds, were
pointed out as reasons why the state
should co-operate with the United
States in building the larger projects.
DESCHUTES LAND FIGHT UP
Morson to Attend First Board Meet
ing Since West's Atack.
SALEM, Or.. April 22. (Special.) J.
E. Morson, president of the Deschutes
Land Company, today wired John H.
Lewis. iState Engineer, that he would
attend a meeting of the State Desert
Land Board Friday. It will be the
first meeting he has attended since he
and Governor West almost had a phy.
sical combat about two years ago. Mr?
Morson has asked for an extension of
the compan's contract with the state,
which is opposed by Governor West
unless it will furnish a bond that suits
him to Insure the completion of the ir
rigation project.' The Board, however
has asked him to furnish a statement
of Its finances and a description of the
land upon which options .have been
sold.
ROADS WILL BE REPAIRED
McMinnville Auto Owners to Work
on "Good Roads Day."
M'MINNVILLE. Or.. April 22. (Spe
cial.) At an enthusiastio meeting of
automobilists heiri at Via ,,
Club Friday was designated as "Good
J-ay. uivery candidate will be
called Upon to serve the entire day
with pick and shovel. Seven carloads
of gravel will be distributed over the
roads out of McMinnville. Twenty
teams will be used.
Every store will be closed the same
as on a legal holiday.
Officers of the Automobile Club
elected are: G. S. Wright, president;
James Fletcher, vice-president; Frank
Wortman. treasurer, and Gordon Baker,
secretary.
LABOR WAR TAKES
NEW TOLL OF LIVES
Coal Operate 'forces
MejoV Yth Losses.
SIX ARE DEAD, TWO MISSING
Women and Baby Reported
Sealed in Burning Mine
MINERS ATTACK GUARDS
Use or Dynamite in Rufh for Mine
Buildings Charged Manager of
One Property Reported In
Peril From Fire.
DENVER, April 21!. The entire en
listment of state mllltla. Including all
branches of aervtce. nu ordered to
mobilise at the two Armories in Denver
tonight to await further orders for
service In the Trinidad strike none.
TRINIDAD, Colo.. April 22. Six mine
employes dead and two missing; three
men, two women and a baby reported
to be entombed In a burning mine;
several mining camps destroyed and
others riddled with bullets; fewer
than 200 militiamen and company
guards confronting an army of strik
ing coal miners estimated by strike
leaders at more than 400 this was the
situation when the sun set upon the
third day in the Southern Colorado
labor war.
Superintendent Possibly Alive.
The dead on the side of the coal
operators as the result of the day's
fighting, as near as could be estimated,
were as follows:
William Waddell, superintendent of
the Empire mine of the Southwestern
Fuel Company; possibly alive in mine.
John Church, engineer of the Em
pire mine.
. Unidentified minor k tried at Empire.
David Donovan, carpenter at the
Delagua mine of the Victor-American
Fuel Company.
Fred Dougherty, guard at Delagua,
found dead in the hills late today.
Carl Johnson, employed at Delagua.
. Two Guarda Still Missing.
Felix Gonzales and Joe Chaves,
guards at Delagua, still were missing
and were supposed to be dead some
where In the rugged hills above Hast
ings Canyon.
A persistent, but unconfirmed, re
port had It that J. M. Siple. manager
of the Empire and Southwestern mines
of the Southwestern Fuel Company,
with two women, a baby and two men.
had been scaled in the Empire mine,
which then had been set afire by strik
ers. Strike leaders tonight asserted that
none of their fighting men bad been
killed in the day's battles and that
only two had been reported wounded.
Fighting Hot-, at Close Range.
According to the reports received by
the military authorities, the fighting
at Agullar, which followed that at
Delagua, was participated in by the
same body of strikers.
The firing at Delagua began soon
after daybreak, with a clash between
15 guards and a large body of miners.
This clash occurred In the hills a mile
cr more from the camp, where the
guards are said to have gone to meet
the approaching strikers. There was
hot flghtlpg at close range for a few
minutes, then the guards retreated to
ward the camp, the pursuing strikers
at their heels. The strikers reached
the crest of the canyon directly above
the camp, then rushed for the mine
buildings. Mine company reports said
that In this rush dynamite was ex
ploded by the attacking party.
A party of militiamen, hastily sent
from Ludlow in steel cars, reinforced
the guards and after heavy fighting
the strikers were driven back.
Red Cross Seeks Bodies.
Shortly afterward a party of strik
ers appeared in the Agullar district.
separated- from the Hastings-Delagua
Canyon by a high range of hils. Tue
assailants of Delagua in the meantime
had vanished In the direction of Agul
lar. The attacks on the Agullar mines
followed.
A party carrying the flag of the
American Red Cross, which left Trin
idad late today for the Ludlow'' tent
AVERAGE AGE OF
MEN OF FLEET, 21
PRIVATES XOT1UXG BUT BOYS,
IIOBSOX RESIIXDS HOUSE. .
Confidence, However, Xot Misplaced,
Says Man Who Led Volunteers
Who Sank Merrimac.
WASHINGTON. April 22. Represent
stive Hobson. of Alabama, told the
House today that the average of the
men off the Mexican coast today is 21
years. Mr. Hobson was paying a trib
ute to the valor of "the plain private."
He said that during the Spanish War,
when he called for seven volunteers
for the sinking of the Merrimac In
the mouth of Santago Harbor, 1000
young men responded.
"The greatest dfflculty I had," he
said, "was in turning down appeals of
these boys who sought the chance to
go on perilous missions in defense of
their country. And you must remem
ber that the privates are nothing but
boys. We have taken great responsi
bility here, but the confidence you have
placed in the private representing the
average American, who Is at the front
when the drum beats and when the
flag Is unfurled, is not a misplaced con
fidence. "It was my privilege to serve with
the plain privates for 16 years and
they never shirked duty."
DR. BUSHNELL IS HONORED
Oregon Man Cltosen to Give Main
Talk at Berkeley Conference.
Dr. C. J. Bushnell. president of Pa
cific University, left last night for
Berkeley, Cal.. where he is booked to
deliver an address Friday afternoon
and evening before the western confer
ence of the American Religious Educa
tional Association.
In the afternoon he will lecture on
Methods of Developing Moral Lead
ership In Our Colleges." and In the
evening on "Today's Need of Moral
Leadership in Our Colleges."
Dr. Bushnell is listed for a great
number of commencement addresses In
Oregon and Washington. During this
school year he has delivered more than
100 lectures.
FRUIT SAVED BY CHANGE
Danger of Frost at Walla Walla
Thought Over for Present.
WALLA WALLA. Wash, April 22.
(Special.) For the second time within a
week a sudden rise In temperature
saved the fruit crop. With frost pre
dicted last night, it was feared that
considerable damage would be done,
since it was the second frosty night.
Late at night it clouded and the tem
perature started up, the lowest being
46 degrees.
Danger of frost damage to the fruit
Is past, at least for the present, in the
opinion of Weather Observer Garrett.
North of Walla Walla County some
frost damno-A t&na 4--... t . . .
-- - " injury in
Walla V alia County is widely scattered.
a la DCLI U. '
RIVER ROAD BIDS OPENED
Belief Is That Clatsop County Ten
ders Will Be Rejected.
ASTORIA. Or.. April 22. (Special.)
uids were opened by the County Court
and the officials of the State Highway
omramsion today for clearing, grad
ing and ditching the portion of the Co
lumbia Highway from Astoria to the
county line, near Westport. a distance
of approximately 28 miles. The speci
fications called for clearing to a width
of 60 feet, grading 24 feet wide and
putting in the necessary culverts and
ditches.
Judging from the rates charged for
some of the specific Items, there is
reason to believe all bids will be re
jected. RECALL HITS WALDPORT
Councilman Buker Faces Charges of
Undue Favoritism.
NEWPORT. Or.. April 22. (Special.)
Waldport will tomorrow vote upon
tne recall or f rank J Buker, one of
the City Councilmen, upon charges of
favoritism.
Charges have been made in the peti
tion for the recall that he voted to
Issue a saloon license to J. W. Foster,
of Portland, as against Henry Bo be 11,
a native of Waldport. Foster is Bald
to have offered a bonus of $100 on a
license valued at f .00. The recall pe
tition was circulated by the City Mar
shal. Pioneer, 80, Still Preaches.
COTTAGE GROVE. Or, April 22.
(Special.) "Grandpa" Bales, of Lon
don, now 85 years old and well known
as a pioneer preacher of the Willam
ette Valley, delivered an able and in
teresting sermon at Liberty Sunday.
He still retains a vigorous mentality
and seems to have lost none of the
ability of younger years.
ALL HICO IS
MONGED,SA.S
REBEL LEADER
United States' Invasion of
Vera Cruz Not Justified,
Declares Carranza.
MESSAGE SENT TO " WILSON
Entire Country Drawn Into
War Is Formal Interpre
tation of Seizure..
EVACUATION OF PORT INVITED
Huerta's Right to Receive De
mand for Redress Denied.
'COME TO ME" IS SPIRIT
Constitutionalist Chier Holding
Huerta Culprit and Usurper, Pro
poses America Cease "Hostili
ties" and Negotiate Anew.
CHIHUAHUA. April 22 Replying to
a telegram from Secretary Bryan at
Washington, General Carranza tele
graphed today that the United States
is not Justified In occupying Mexican
territory.
"The Invasion," says the letter, "will
drag us (Mexico) into an unequal war
with dignity, but which until today we
desired to avoid."
Official Translation Made.
The official translation nf ih. ,
of the letter follows:
"United States Consul J. C. Carothcrs:
in answer to the message of Mr.
Secretary of State Bryan, which was
communicated to mo through you.
please transmit to the said Mr. Bryan
the following note addressed to Mr
President Wilson:
"Awaiting the action of the American
Senate on your Excellency's message
directed to said body caused by the la
mentable incident which occurred be
tween a crew in a whaleboat of the
cruiser Dolphin and the soldiers of the
usurper. Huerta. certain acts of hos
tility have been executed by the naval
forces under command of Admiral
Fletcher at the Port of Vera Cruz and
In the face of this violation of national
sovereignty, which the constitutional
ist government did not expect from a
government which had reiterated its
desire to maintain peace with the
Mexican people, I comply with the duty
of elevated parlotism in directing this
note to you with a view to exhausting
all honorable means before two friend
ly nations sever the pacific relations
that etill unite them."
Act by Huerta Ignored.
"And the Mexican nation, the real
people of Mexico, have not recognized
as Its executive a man who had pre
tended to launch a blemish on its na
tional Integrity, drowning in blood Its
free institutions, consequently the acts
of the usurper Huerta and his accom
plices do not signify legitimate acts of
sovereignty, they do not constitute real
public functions of Interior and exterior
relations and much less do they repre
sent the sentiments of the Mexican na
tion, which are of co-fraternity towards
the American people.
"The lack of representative charac
ter of General Victoriano Huerta, an
concerning the relations of Mexico with
the United. States as well aK with Ar
gentine Republic. Chile. Brazil and
Cuba, had been clearlv estahll.xh.wl
with justifiable attitude of theso na
tions, who have refused to recognize
the usurper. In this way lending a val-
33 109.2