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J'ORTLANl). TIURSnTY.
'OV. 21, 1007
THEY WERE tiETTINt; RICH QUICK.
The remedies for present difficul
ties are common sense and hard
work, abandonment of get-rloh-qukk
schemes, right use of present re
sources and cessation of efforts to dis
count the future a future in which
we should have faith indeed, but
whii b Is to be gained and realized
only through patient and prudent la
bor and waiting.
In all parts of the United States,
during the past live or six years,
schemes like those which brought the
Moore bank and the Ross bank in
Portland to disaster have been active
and Incessant, Groat schemes have
been "financed" out of the money of
depositors, like the Home Telephone
Company and Rankin's undertakings
In timber land, and Lat'e Pence's oper
ations ii suburban heights and tills,
and Irrlgon's irrigation projects all
perhaps well enough In the long fu
ture yet possibly not, and therefore
yet to be determined and proved. The
money of depositors was poured into
these schemes, in expectation of quick
turns, with large profits, for those who
were financing them with other peo
ple's money. But the turns couldn't
be made; the realties were too far In
the future; too much money had been
put into them, in the hope of great
and sudden gain. The projects broke
down. Mr. Moore and Mr. Ross not
only did not make the profit they had
planned out of the use of their de
positors' money, but threw away that
money, too. This, or the like of this,
has been going on all over the United
States. New York, as the financial
center of the country, has been the
chief seat of it. The sure instinct of
the people detected It: they began to
withdraw their money, and the crisis
came. Somehow "the providence that's
watchful in a state" discovers the
danger In c.ises of this kind, and then
hastens the catastrophe It fears. But
so Closely related Is the whole scheme
of things, in our business and indus
trial life, that excesses of speculation
and abuses of credit fall not merely
on the offenders, but react on others In
nowise to blame. So the Merchants
National Bank went down.
Incidents like this are among the
most unfortunate consequences of
the misconduct that has produced
the present situation. When Mr.
Moore and Mr. Ross hoped to
vault at once into the seats of high
finance by their play with the money
of depositors, they did an Injury far
beyond the limits of their own opera
tions. On an Immense scale men like
Helnze and Ryan and '"arrlman have
played the same game. Loot of bank
and trust funds, for promotion of
undertakings for profit desperate
schemes Of gambling for sudden gain
to the pro. oters this is the source of
the' whole trouble. The prblem now
Is to reassure the public :.ilnd, to bring
confidence back again, to re-establish
such conditions as will make the gen
eral public feel thul the plungers and
gamblers and promoters are out of It,
and that the financial and banking op
erations of the country are in the
hands of men safe and sane. The pro
cesses through which this result is to
be reached are in rapid movement and.
operation; for the general business of
the country is sound throughout. Its
products never were so abundant, the
world's demand Is exceptional and
prices are on a high average level, or
even above It. The problem Is in
process of solution, through the
remedies of common sense, hard
work, abandonment of get-rich-qulck
schemes, use of present resources and
cessation of the abuses of credit. Hav
ing found the locality of the pit that
we have dropped Into, we are climbing
out, and shall hardly plump Into it
soon again. That kind of plunglnc
had reached the limit of the game.
That it didn't collapse sooner is now
the real wonder.
VS TO "CERTAINTIES."
A recent issue of The Outlook has
an article under the title "Certainties
In Religion." Some attempt to define
religion should be required, when such
a subject Is dealt with. But let us ad
mit that any definition of religion, is
Impossible. It Is impossible, because
the human spirit is so diverse, so vari- i
ant. that no formula can contain it.
Then again, it is next to Impossible to
separate religion from the dogmata j
framed to support It. These dogmata I
run Into Infinite divisions and subtle- j
ties, wherein Is no certainty. Relig- .
Ion is the basis of man's nature, but no i
form through which it is expressed Is
absolute. There are certainties in mor
ality, in religion none; because every
expression of religion Is but temporary
an expression of the age and of the
people that make use of it. There Is,
consequently, no universal or absolute
religion. Probably there never will
be. Christianity itself approaches the
universal religion only as it leaves be
hind the dogmata upon which it has
built, and has used as Its support. Re
ligion is not a theological or ecclesias
tical creed. It is personal conduct.
"The kingdom of God is within you."
An Increasing multitude of religious
persons are unable to agree on defini
tions of religion: still less able to ac
cept dogmatic definitions or declara
tions. Yet they live their own relig
ious life. But because they do so they
should not be called Irreligious. Yet
we find The Outlook saying: "If dif
ferences between the denominations Is
a good reason for inaction in religion,
then the differences between the
schools in medicine is a good reason
for never calling a doctor, and the dif
ferences between political leaders Is a
good reason for taking no part in the
politics of one's country."
This Is unsound, because it Is ad
mitted on all sides that no school of
medicine Is in possession of absolute
truth. Everybody knows that medi
cine is an experimental and progres
sive science. No competent physi
cian pretends otherwise. Similarly, in
politics, opinion Is the guide. In other
words, politics is a progressive science.
So in fact is religion. The certainties
in religion therefore are few. Man
has a sense of his hold on the Infinite;
but the attempts he makes to prove
it, from age to age, through formulas
and creeds, aro not certainties. If
one desires proof of this, let him con
sider the religious creeds of former
times and observe how they perished,
and note, moreover, the modifications
of the creeds of Christendom that
have taken place during the last one
hundred years, and even In his own
time.
Religion is a permanent force in the
human soul and spirit, but absolutely
indefinable. Its definitions, and the
dogmata it attempts, never can be cer
tainties. What was the career of Jesus
himself but a recognition of this fact
and a rebuke to all the "certainties''
of the religious creeds and sects about
him?
A CODE OF ETHICS FOR LAW YERS.
, The Oregon Bar Association has un
der consideration the adoption of a
code of ethics. That shoulrl be easy.
The lawyers might send out to some
minister and borrow a Bible one with
an index and hunt up the Ten Com
mandments and adopt them. If the
Ten Commandments make too short a
code of ethics for the needs of the
legal fraternity, there might be added
a few choice selections from the Ser
mon on the Mount. But if It should
be determined that the commandments
handed down through Moses would
make too long a code of ethics, the
Golden Rule might be adopted.
The association will do well, how
ever, to weigh its action carefully be
fore adopting a code, such as any one
of these here suggested. It very fre
quently occurs that the Golden Rule
conflicts with self-interest, especially
in the practice of law. It would bring
gray hairs to ' the head of a man of
only 30 years to have such a code of
ethics thrust Itself upon his attention
Just as he has asked the court to allow
him half of an estate as his fee for
conducting the legal proceedings. It
would worry the most self-possessed
man practicing at the bar to have an
opposing counsel quote such a code to
him when he has suppressed the truth
or presented falsehood at the trial of
a case. Then It would very material
ly cut down a lawyer's business If he
should quote the Golden Rule to his
clients when they come for advice as
to the manner in which they should
endeavor to settle with those with
whom they have engaged In controver
sies. There Is this saving merit for
the Golden Rule, however, that no at
torneys would ever be disbarred if all
acted according to the principle there
laid down. Yet this Is of small conse
quence, for there are few disbarments
anyway. 1
Here Is something not from the
Mosaic law, nor the Sermon on the
Mount, nor the Golden Rule, but it is
of equal authority, anu it would do
well as a sort of admonitory postscript
to any code of ethics the lawyers may
adopt: "Woe unto you also, ye lawyers! for
ye lade men with burdens grievous to
be borne, and ye yourselves touch not
the burden with one of your fingers."
FRANCHISE TAXATION.
"When the last word has been said,
It requires no more skill or erudition
to value a franchise properly than It
does a farm wagon or a tract of land."
In this terse language. J. H. Easter
day, State Tax Commissioner for
Washington, in a speech before the
Oregon State Bar Association Tues
day, sought to dispel a popular belief
that a franchise is an Intangible some
thing whose exact value could not be
accurately estimated for the purpose
of taxation. Mr. Easterday has for
years been a close student of the tax
ation problem, and his Interpretation
of the meaning of a franchise is not a
haphazard guess. He does not believe
In the policy which keeps the fran
chise off the assessment roll irrespec
tive of its character, simply "because
the statutory law is silent as to form."
The speaker demonstrated quite
conclusively that the franchise is as
necessary to the operation of a rail
road or street railway as its tracks
and cars, and suggested a simple
method of determining the value of
the franchise; by deducting the value
of the cars, rails and other tangible
property from the total amount of cap
italization on which the net earnings
of the system are based. There is a
growing belief among the people who
stagger under excessive taxation of
property, which they have accumu
lated by hard work and thrift, that if
any favoritism is to be shown on the
assessment rolls it should be in favor
of other property than franchises, for
In almost every case those franchises
which have the greatest marketable
value have been secured at no cost to
the holders.
The street railway consolidation in
this city a few years ago gave Port
land an excellent example of franchise
values, and in the transfer of the prop
erties for several millions of dollars
the difference between the total price
paid and the actual value of the tan
gible property was about $4,000,000. On
this showing no difficulty whatever
was encountered in fixing the exact
market value of the franchise under
which the lines were operating. The
persistent efforts of Mr. Easterday,
both as State Tax Commissioner and
as a member of the Legislature for a
number of termsv have been of ma
terial assistance in improving the tax
ation and assessment laws of Washing
ton, and reform on lines similar to
those suggested In Mr. Easterday's
speech would offer relief to those who
pay taxes while others shirk.
"SOBERING DOWN."
When the report first came out that"
Mr. J. J. LTlH had declined to speak
at the banquet of the Kansas City
Commercial Club with Mafyor Tom
Johnson, there was some surprise.
People wondered why a man of Mr.
Hill's distinction should permit himself
to exhibit rancor so spiteful. Was he
afraid of Tom Johnson? Was it his
purpose to make statements which he
feared the Mayor of Cleveland might
dispute? Apparently he must have
had some such motive, for the report
of Mr. Hill's speech bristles with errors
of fact, while its tone Is that of a man
suffering from nervous Irritation so
extreme that he Is no longer master of
his tongue. Compare, for example,
the statement in one part of the ad
dress that American roads earn only 4
per cent on their capital stock while
German roads earn 6 per cent, with
this from another part, that "Ameri
can roads exceed In their earning
power those of any other country."
Or compare Mr. Hill's remark that
the managers of our roads had of their
own accord reduced the average of
passenger fares to 2 cents a mile, with
his charge made a little later that the
state laws fixing 2 cents as the legal
rate are "a wild attack on the rail
roads." If the 2-cent rate Is a "wild
attack" it was begun by the railroad
magnates themselves, unless Mr. Hill
misstates the facts.
We have no wish to appear hyper
critical in pointing out Mr. Hill's dis
agreements with himself, but they are
so numerous in this speech that it is
no wonder he did not wish Tom John
son to hear it. The astonishing thing
Is that he was willing for anybody to
hear It. Taken for all In all, it 1 a
production whose rashness of utter
ance almost equals the rashness of
some of our magnates In managing
their roads, which Is saying a good
deal. It would not be amiss for Mr.
Hill, and sundry of his fellow-magnates
also, to heed the advice which he
bestows upon the country and "sober
down." What could be more absurd,
to cite one more awful example, than
Mr. Hill's dictum that "railroad prop
erty should have the rights comtrfon
to other property" in the states of the
Union? Has it ever been denied those
rights? Is it not the fac. that the
railroads have had not only all the
rights which other property enjoys,
but In addition to them a great many
other rights and privileges which no
property can possess without danger
to the common weal? Who does not
know that the governments of Califor
nia, New Hampshire, New Jersey,
Pennslyvania, West Virginia and other
states have been virtually usurped by
the railroads for many years? The
very thing that the American people
have in mind is to put railroad prop
erty "in the same position as other
property." They are resolved that it
shall no longer control politics and
business as it has in the past. The
people want nothing In respect to the
railroads but bare justice, and they
are not in the least likely to "sober
down" until they get It.
Mr. Hill thinks that the country
"even now does not realize how far
railroad construction has been unable
to keep pace with domestic com
merce." He is mistaken. The fact Is
fully realized, and the reason for it
also. The people quite understand
that "the limit of safe service with
existing facilities has been reached,"
and they are eagerly inquiring why
some of the boasted earnings of Mr.
Hill's roads and others als have not
been applied to extend those facili
ties. Why has Mr. Hill not spent a
dollar in repairs for his Great North
ern line in Washington since it was
built, except as the officers of the law
have forced him to do so? Why is his
track out of repair, the roadbed still
as. primitive as on the day It was laid
down? Mr. Hill's road is an excellent
example of a railroad where construc
tion cannot keep pace with the de
mands of business because its earnings
are wasted in stock speculation. Our
transportation magnates are fond of
boasting of their prowess and fore
sight. Could not they foresee that the
traffic of the country was bound to In
crease, that greater and greater de
mands would be made upon their
equipment? If they foresaw It. why
did they take no action until it was
too late? If they did not foresee it,
the less they boast of their foresight
hereafter the more seemly it will "be.
Mr. Hill thinks it is "little short of
wonderful how the railroads have met
the traffic situation." He is too mod
est. It is nothing short ot wonderful.
The reckless incapacity of our railroad
men, their callous disregard of their
duties to the public, have excited the
amazement of the whole world.
The boast that our railroads are su
perior to those of every other country
In "service. In value and In useful con
duct," Is lamentably amiss. The speed
of our fast America'n trains falls below
that on the French. English and Ger
man roads; while ours kill more pas
sengers per million carried than all
the rest of them together. If the av
erage earnings of the English and Ger
man roads exceed those of our own, it
is not because the rates are higher.
The fact is that their ravs are lower
both for passengers and freight, tak
ing speed and safety Into account.
They show better earnings because
they pay no rebates to favored ship
pers; because they issue no passes: be
cause the stockholders get those ex
press earnings which in America go to
select rings of the railroad managers;
because they have very few wrecks to
repair and few damage suits for death
and mayhem to fight In the courts.
Furthermore, If the European roads
are capitalized in excess of ours there
Is excellent reason for it. They are
worth more. They have more track
age per linear mile, their beds are
more stable, their equipment is better
in every way. The sooner our mag
nates stop boasting and complaining,
stop gambling and playing politics and
go to work to make their roads as safe
and sufficient as those of Kurope, the
sooner they will be able to borrow the
money which they say they need.
People will lend them money when it
becomes reasonably certain that they
will not gamble it away, but no sooner.
Herr Ballin. director-general of the
Hamburg-American line, which for
many years held the speed record on
the Atlantic, in an Interview in New
York, Just before sailing for Germany,
said that his line would make no at
tempt to build a faster ship than the
new Cunarders. He expressed the be
lief that the limit of speed had been
reached until some new method of
propulsion shall be Invented. National
pride, however, may caun) the Ger
mans to reconsider the matter. When
the Deutsehlanrl took the record away
from the British, ten years ago, Eng
lish butlders made practically the same
announcement that is now made by
Herr Ballin. But the prestige given
the flag and line under which a record-breaker
sails is so great that it is
hardly possible that the Germans will
be content to let the British have all
of the glory and advertising which go
with the fastest ship it the world, and
some Deutschland of the future will
undoubtedly cut well under the re
markable records of the Lusltanla and
Mauretania.
The people of the Pacific Northwest
should feel duly grateful to President
Loveland, of the Trans-Mlsslsslppi I
Congress, for the eloquent tribute paid
the Columbia River in his speech be
fore that congress, now in annual ses
sion at Muskogee. Okla. In urging
the importance of the waterways Im
provements, he said:
Don't forget that ouC on the Pacific i.'oast
we have the second largest river In the
United States. It flows down from moun
tain ranges whose mineral wealth is inex
haustible, and on for a thousand miles
through vast etretche of grain and fruit land
In Washington and Oregon. and finally
tnrough magnificent reaches or splendid tlm- i
tier land to the f.cean.
The benefits which will result from
Improvement of this wonderful water
way are Incalculable, and in face of
the National interest being shown in
the great work, the puny attempts of
such newspapers as the Tacoma News
to misrepresent the facts are repre
hensible In the extreme.
The American people, Mr. James J.
Hill, wish prosperity to the railroads.
The'y realize fully how Indispensable
they are to the business and welfare
of the country. But they wish the
railroads to deal fairly and Justly and
keep to their legitimate business, and
insist that their managers shall not
persist In wasting the resources de
rived from the traffic of the country
in stock-jobbing schemes, warfare of
interests and effort to promote mo
nopolistic combinations. It is justice,
however, to Mr. Hill to say that he is
the fairest of all our railway mag
nates. He serves very veil the terri
tory he occupies, and is giving Oregon
an additional and needed connection
needed the more since our other West
ern railway magnate the one who
has fenced this state in and claims It
as his own disregards Its needs and
productivity, and lets it He fallow.
A few groups here and there,
throughout Oregon, notably in Mult
nomah, are beginning to busy them
selves with organization of the Repub
lican party. The use or need Isn't ap
parent. Republicans, or men so-called,
have allowed themselves to be per
suaded that there Is no need of party,
no place for party, nothing for party
to do; and they have given Democrats
the leading positions In affairs of city,
county and state. We may suppose
they intend to continue this line of ac
tion, else they would not have begun It
and pursued so far as they have
done. The Oregonlan has no faith
whatever in any inclination or disposi
tion of the Republicans of Oregon to
unite for any purpose. It has ap
pealed to them too often, in vain, to
allow itself to be deluded further.
The cotton industry of our Southern
States has reached prodigious propor
tions, and there seems to be practically
no limit to Its development. The
value of the crop of th'ls year Is more
than J800.000.000. This for the raw
cotton alone. Manufacture of cotton
in the Southern States likewise Is
making rapid progress. The whole in
dustry this year will be worth to the
South more than one thousand mil
lion dollars.
It may be expected that the jury will
acquit Mrs. Bradley. She killed
Brown, undoubtedly. He most richly
deserved It. The Jury might well
enough bring in with their verdict of
not guilty a vote of censure on the
woman because she didn't kill Brown
long before she did. She was a weak
creature, not without sin and error;
but he was a damnable scoundrel.
According to the report of the Ama
teur Athletic Union, 2,441.000 Ameri
cans took regular physical exercise
this year. Evidently these figures do
not include the multitude who dally
execute arm movements raising high
balls from mahogany planes.
One may look in vain through Mrs.
Leslie Carter's inventory in her bank
ruptcy proceedings to discover whether
she reckons that new husband an asset
or a liability.
Kaiser Wllhclm's letting go of tips
to the amount of $10,000 at Windsor
Castle indicates that his philanthropy
equals the proverbial Intoxicated able
seaman's.
This may be a bit premature, still
we suggest that there be held In Port
land next November an All Oregon Ap
ple Fair.
Rockefeller declares he doesn't own
any United States bonds. He doesn't
have to; other Investments pay larger
profits.
Chicago is ready to resume cash
payments. Let New York follow suit
and then note the effect on the coun
try. We beg to assure Mr. James J. Hill
that the country will sober down the
instant Wall street sobers up.
Among American Industries not ad
versely affected by the panic is collegi
ate football.
Good morning! Have you ordered
the bird for next Thursday?
THE SOUTH AND THE PRESIDENC Y.
Where the Votes, But Not the Demo
cratic Candidate. Are From.
New York Tribune.
There is something courageous and
creditable about the movement reported
from Tennessee to secure for a South
erner the next Democratic Presidential
nomination. It !s courageous to propose
an experiment which the Democratic
party has not made since 1844 and which
it still snnnas irom, uoi so inuv.ii ,
grounds of logic as on grounds or siuu-
low expediency. The South has been the i
hewer of wood and drawer of water for j
the Democratic uartv for 64 years. It .
has furnished, on the average, 70 to 73 ,
per cent of that party's representation in j
the Senate and House of Representatives
and In the Electoral College. It has die- j
tated the Democratic party's policies In
Congress and in National conventions,
nd it used the party first to protect .
slavery, then to try to break down the
protective tariff system, and finally to
assail the country's standard of value.
But all the while it has hesitated to offer
for the Presidency one of its many bril
liant leaders.
This self-effacement has cost the South
dear, for Its polit tans have come to
look at the great office of the Presi
dency as a pawn to be lightly sacrificed
In the game of National politic!. They
have been content to name Northern can- j
didates without much regard to their j
representative character or training in :
Democratic principles, taking them on j
the chance that they might appeal to j
some passing mood of one group of j
Northern states or another. The South
selected in turn Tllden, Hancock. Cleve- j
land, Bryan and Parker candidates in j
ideas, temper and theories about as wide '
apart as could have been assembled, it
has oscillated with cynical indifference i
between conservatism, negativism and
radicalism, and has often voted stolidly
for Presidential nominees whom at heart
it despised. From this long practiced at
titude Jias sprung an insincerity which
has eaten deeply into Southern politics
and which always suggests the existence
of a wide discrepancy between what a
Southern leader says and what he thinks.
There are many Southern Senators and
Representatives who publicly favor Mr.
Bryan's renomination and privately con
demn It as political folly. The most
candid and Ingenious of them can only
attempt to square their thoughts with
their actions by maintaining, like the
Hon. John Sharp Williams, that they
gladly support Bryan, hut have no use
for Bryanism.
MRS. EDDY WRITES ON CHRISTMAS
Founder of Christian Science Tells
What Day Means to Her.
Mary' Baker G. Eddy in Ladles' Home
Journal.
To me Christmas involves a'n open se
cret, understood by few or by none and
unutterable except in Christian Science.
Christ was not born of the flesh. Christ
is the truth and life born of God born of
Spirit and not of matter. Jesus, the Gali
lean prophet, was horn of the Virgin
Mary's spiritual thoughts of IJfe and Its
manifestation.
God creates man perfect and eternal in
His own Image. Hence man is the im
age, idea or likeness of perfection an
Ideal which cannot fall from Its Inherent
unity; with divine Love, from its spotless
purity and original perfection.
Observed by material sense, Christmas
commemorates the birth of a human, ma
terial, mortal ba-'.je a babe born in a
manper amidst the flocks and herds of a
Jewish village.
This homely origin of the babe Jesus
falls far short of my sense of the eternal
Christ, Truth, never born and never dying.
I celebrate Christmas with my soul, my
spiritual sense, and so commemorate the
entrance into human understanding of
the Christ conceived of Spirit, of God and
not of a woman as the birth of Truth,
the dawn of divine Love breaking upon
the gloom of matter and evil with the
glory of Infinite being.
Human doctrines or hypotheses or vague
human philosophy afford little divine ef
fulgence, deifle presence or power. Christ
mas to me is the reminder of Goo s great
gift His spiritual Idea, man and the uni
verse a gift which so transcends mortal,
material, sensual giving that tl.e merri
ment, mad ambition, rivalry and ritual
of our common Christ man seem a human
mockery In mimicry of the real worship
in commemoration of Christ's coming.
I love to observe Christmas in quietude,
humility. benevolence, charity, letting
good will toward man. eloquent silenc.
prayer and praise express my conception
of Truth appearing.
The splendor of this nativity of Christ
reveals infinite meanings and gives mani
fold blessings. Material gifts and pan
times tend to obliterate the spiritual ioea
in consciousness, leaving one alone and
without His glory.
STRINGENCY IN PAWNSHOPS. TOO.
Giving Out I.lttle Coah to Customers
In Ner York.
From New York letter to the Philadel
phia Public Ledger,
i One of the Interesting phases of the
i present financial stringency is the effect
i upon the pawnbrokers here. The num
. ber of persons who are seeking cash by
' pledging family Jewels and all kinds of
j personal property has increased largely.
I But the pawnshop men have had to cut
down their loans, and in some oases a
i limit has been puon the amount to bo
given to any one person, no matter what
the pledge. "If we can't get the money
I from our bankers, we can't put it across
I our counters." said a loan man today.
! Along the Bowery ar.d Park Row the
! limit In most shops has been set at $25
! and $30. although a few of the larger
ones are paying out too. c ustomers Willi
valuables on which they could ordlnarlly
raise much more have to be contented
with these sums or accept checks. A
majority of the customers of pawnshops.
j however, want the cash. One pawnshop
keeper said: "It Is surprising the num
1 ber of people who have come In here
( since the trouble started and tried to
! raise money. It was clear many of them
had never been in a pawnshop before.
! One man brought in a" bunch of Govern
i ment bonds and wanted cash on them.
! Naturally we could do nothing for him.
but It shows to what straits people are
I being put for ready money when they
' bring stuff like that to us instead of
taking It down town. A man came In
with a grip the other day and spread out
on the counter a lot of jewelry which I
saw at a glance was easily worth $20,000,
probably the family Jewels he had Just
taken out of a safety deposit vault. I
told him to pack it right up again; that
we could not do anything for him. He
begged me to give him $1000 In cash, but
I had to tell him we couldn't do It."
Another pawnshop man said one trouble
was no one was making redemptions.
Florida Has I, argent Sprlng-a.
Indianapolis News
No state in the Union has larger or
more numerous springs than Florida.
Many of them form good-sized streams
from the start and some of them are nav
igable. The largest spring in the state,
and one of the largest and probably the
best known In the United States. Is 811
vcr Spring, which Is located six niles
east of Ocala. This spring forms the
source of the Oklawaha River, a trib
utary of the St. Johns, and steamboats
traversing the river enter the spring
basin, which has an area of several
acres. The water Is from 25 to 30 feet
deep, and is wonderfully clear, appear
ing absolutely devoid of color
NORMAL S HOODS' I NIFIC ATIOV
Plea for Central Location Elimination
of Fonr Wasteful Plant.
i PORTLAND, Nov. 20. (To the Editor.),
; The recent report of State Board of
I Normal School Reagents contains some
1 Interesting reading and should be of in
! estimable value in settling the much agi
: tated question of whether there shull be
! four or one Normal school In Oregon.
; This report ought to recall the debate at
! the last legislature at Salem and the
; cause for the present unsatisfactory sit-
uaton
Tne conditions that prevail at present
would appear humorous were it not for
the shameful waste of the people's
money in attempting to sustain lour an
ferent educational plants when one
would be entirely adequate and do the !
work more thoroughly.
Ashland, with 122 students in the Nor- ;
ma! department and 15 instructors, gives
an average of eight pupils to the teacher. :
Drain, witli oti students and five instruc- i
tors, an average of 13.2 pupils. Mon- :
mouth, with 123 student and 10 instruc-
tors, on 'average of 12 pupils, and Wes
ton, with. 153 student-? and 15 Instructors.
an average of 10.2 pupils. Any one at nil ;
familiar with educational conditions and j
methods knows that an Instructor can
handle 24 to 30 students about as well as I
eight or ten. If the total enrollment of i
461 at these four schools were grouped at
one school. for example, at Ashland. ;
with its 15 instructors. It would give an !
average of 30.7 pupils per Instructor, a ;
very goodly number. These 15 instruc- j
tors are now getting $1345 per month In i
salaries. This gives an average of $2.91 !
per pupil per month for teaching expense,
tad If the salaries of 15 instructors at
Weston were taken, the average cost per I
pupil per month would be as low as !
$3,61.
By the present system of scattering tiie
students among the four schools, the
average cost per pupil per month ranges
, from $5.45 at Drain, or twice what it
' should cost, to $11.02 at Ashland, or
about four times what It should cost.
! Surely this is a tremendously foolish
waste of energy and money. Tt puts the
cost of producing a Normal graduate at
a rather unnecessarily high figure. But
the extravagance becomes well-nigh
"high finance," when we consider that
the maintenance of grounds and build
ings and equipment, not to speak of the
janitor force necessary, must be added to
this high average. From a financial
point of view, then, the maintenance of
four schools appears unwise rfnd waste
ful of public funds.
Many Normal schools throughout the
country have an enrollment of 400 stu
dents, and a majority of them have at
least 200 or more. Aside from the busi
ness aspects of the question in consol
I Idating the four schools Into one or two.
there are other and far greater advan
tages to be gained. The friendships of a
large body of students, the school spirtt.
the diversity of Ideas and the unity of
ideas engendered in o large gathering of
teachers who are to go out Into the state
for a common purpose, are too great and
potent to be commented upon in this
brief communication.
Another factor not to be overlooked is
the fact that, with one central Institution,
its location could be so placed as to
make the best use of the general culture
to be had at some one of the leading
cities of our state. At present students
receive little insight Into the world's art.
commerce and Industry because of the
rural Isolation of the Normal schools.
It must not be forgotten that they are
at a great disadvantage in. being unable
to view first hand existing conditions at
our centers of broad culture.
The unification into one large institu
tion would also be a step toward anni
hilating our political jobbery attendant
upon the present parceling out of our
pedagogical instruction. If. there is one
factor in the social regime that ought to
be free from the political quacks, it Is
the education of our boys and girls. And
Oregon will continue to be ashamed of
its Nqrmal Schools so long as the petty
office seeker and dilettante pedagogue
are given a loophole through which to
rob the public treasury.
With one large Institution, more ef
ficient instructors can be employed and
better equipment afforded, with a cor
respondingly increased value in the prod
uct. We would also have a great and
growing institution of which we would
be proud. Instead of having to make ex
cuses when the subject of Normal
schools Is Introduced.
It Is to be hoped that The Oregonlan
will continue to publish the future re
ports of the Board of Regents, and thus
build up a sentiment that will place the
disposition of our Normal schools and
the education of our teachers in the
hands of the better informed citizens
where it belongs. J. R. p.
ELECTORAL VOTE IN IPOS.
Total In 4fS and ewnry to Choice
for President 242.
Herewith we present a statement of
the electoral -ote to be cast In the
Presidential election of next year,
based on the apportionment act of 1900,
which a correspondent asks us to print,
viz:
Alabama
Arkansas . .
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware . .
Florida . . .
OeorRla
Idaho
Illinois ...
.11! Nebraska 8
. . . 0 Nevada
. 8
. 4
.12
..ID
.12
. 4
. ..lOjNew Hampshire
. .. 5 New Jersey ....
. . 7J New York
. .. ,1; North Carolina .
. .. 5 .North Dakota ..
...IS Ohio
. . . SlOklahoma
. . .271 Oreson
Indiana
. l.ijfenmiylvanla
Iowa 13:Rhode Island 4
Kansas lOSonth Carolina
Kentucky IS South Dakota
Louisiana OlTcnnesaee ....
8
. 1
.12
.IS
Maine (I Texas
Maryland 8 Utah
Massachusetts .... 16' Vermont
Michigan 14! Virginia
Minnesota 1 1 ! Wrashlnrtun
.IS
Mississippi 10' West Virginia 7
Missouri lSiWlseonsin 1.1
Montana ...j SIWyomlnR 3
The total In the electoral college Is
4fe3 and the number of votes necessary
to a choice is 242. If Arizona and New
Mexico are admitted as the state of
Arizona prior to 190$, the new state will
have four electoral votes, thus making
the total 4S7 and the number necessary to
a choice 244.
GOLD-HOARDERS OBJECT-LESSON
An Incident Commended to the Atten
tion of Charles K. Henry.
RAINIER. Or.. Nov. 20. (To the Edi
tor.) Charles K. Henry and others who
advocated the double rtandard, under
unlimited coinage of silver, could learn
a valuable lesson In the futility of at
tempting to have two standards of
different value circulate on a parity by
observing the rapidity with which
specie Is hoarded when placed In cir
culation along with clearing-house cer
tlficateej. A few days since, one of our mills
paid its employes some $12.000 $9001
of which was specie and $3000 clearing
house certificates. I questioned our
merchants about the proportion cf each
paid them in settlement of store bills.
The result was, notwithstanding $3 in
specie was paid the laborers to $1 In
certificates, they paid the merchants,
in settlement of their bills, $5 In cer
tificates to $2 In specie.
The deduction Is obvious.
W. B. LOTTMAN.
Cashier State Bank of Rainier. Or.
The Buddlats' Jons Sticks.
Boston Globe.
In all countries where Buddhist woi .
ship is celebrated there Is a great con
sumption of "joss sticks.' These cere
monial candles are lighted on occasions
of festivity or mourning, prayer i.r
thanksgiving to divinities, and the
like. Joss sticks are at once candles
and Incense, since, like the latter, they
burn - without apparent fiame. Their
preparation is shrouded in some mys
tery and the process is still practically
unknown, those who carry It on being
chosen from a special class and kept
in rigorous seclusion.
THHOUS$iOLD
r - r -r-r-r-r ,cr
mm ,h mm
RY LILIAN TINGLE.
In a ser'es of artlcl?s on "Domestic
Pets." published some years ago. B.-.rry
Pain gives tin following directions for the
feeding 9t girls:
"They can he made to cat mnich tha
same food as boys: but they have their
preferences. ices and meringues make a.
good everyday diet. In feeding girls, a
good general rule to remember is thie: The
taste and whol. someness of the focd do
not matter as long as the color is pink."
He goes oa to state Hial be baa in his
possession, a letter from a girl ".it a girl
trainer's" glving'a list cf Ciir.qF actually
eaten at a dormitory --.upper "an Impor
tant and valuable document, beeeuke.'lt
shows what unassisted nature prompts a
girl to eat."
The list includes toast and j.mi, tocisted
"gelatines." chocolate creams, p: m cake
and jam. cheese cakes, mmced hlscuits,
cocoa, plain sherbet, pink sherbet and
citrate of magnesia with sugar. Such a
menu could only. I think, proceed from
an English "girl-trainer's" establishment;
and It seems fairly obvious that the
writer has based his remarks almost ex
clusively on the English variety of girl.
The American kind, even when qultn
young, differs in many respects from the
product of the British Isles, though both
have their good points.
Whether the somewhat different meth
ods employed by the "trainers" of the re
spective countries and the decided differ
ences of food and environment are tho
causes or the result.- of the difference in
girls. Is for more scientific people than
myself to decide. I can. however, offer
one small crumb of Information on tha
great feeding question for, during several
yars past, 1 have been collecting sta
tistics on what girls like best to eat and
what they most dislike. The research is
by no means completed, but up to date
the results run somewhat as follows:
FAVORITE ARTICI.KS OF FOOD.
Per Cent.! Per Cent.
Ice Cream 23.ijoltve and pickles 18.5
Candy lS.7Potatoos 3.9
Cake l8.7lScatterlng votes. 6.T
(Chiefly chocolate.)! (Below 2 per cent)
Various fruits... 15.61
The scattering votes showe Individual
preferences for such things as hoi ginger
cooMes, crawfish, cabbage salad, hot
biscuits and Jelly, pie, turkey, cheese and
various other special Items.
ARTICLES OF FOOD MOST
DISt.IKF.T)
Per Cen '. I
Per Cent.
Fat meat
l.7Bread pudding.. 5.3
Underdone meat 13.4
otes below 2 per
Vesetables 10.5
(Specific kinds seldom
mentioned. )
cent 5.1. 1
The wide scattering vote here includes
such wholesome things as milk, egg?,
soup, rice, strawberries, and bananas,
which may be accounted for by either con
stitutional Idiosyncrasies cr overindul
gence. The larger figures would appei r
to be the results of either baa cooking or
a badly balanced diet.
I commend the study of the subject to
owners of these amusing and sometimes
useful "domestic petl."
As for boys, 1 regret to say that I have
had fewer chances for observation and in
vestigation; but if 1 were preparing a
"treat" for a number of boys between 12
and 16 I should be absolutely cc: tain of
one Item, which does not figure s largely
In my experiences with girls and that is
pie, and plenty of It. and pumpkin pie
for choice. Try It and see. Anyway, out
of 78 boys questioned at various times in
different parts of the country, 63 answered
promptly, "Pumpkin pie," and that makos
rather a high percentage. Many of them
added, "You bet!"
Of course grown-ups are much more
chancy and individual in regard to favor
ite dishes; and'thls particular season is a
bad time to make Inquiries, for turkey
and cranberry sauce looming large on the
horizon Induce a wrong sense of propor
tion. Just 'now, when many of us are
not quite sure whether our financial
status and the retail price of the lordly
bird will or will not prevent his presence
on our table In the immediate future, a
slice of well-cooked, plump, juicy turkey
seems one of the most desirable of delica
cies. But the very people who tod-iy
vote "turkey" may hold very different
views a day or two after Thanksgiving,
when dealing with the remains of tho
feast.
Charles lamb's charming adoration of
roast suckling pig and his later recanta
tion in favor of roast hare "which eats so
'crips' as Mrs. Minikin says.'" are classic
preferences: but the following eulogy by
Sidney Smith Is less well known: "If the.
be a nure and elevated pleasure In this
I world it Is that of roast pheasant
bread sauce. Rarndoor fowls for
' senters; but for the real churchman
38 times nrtirled clerk the pheasant
and
tha
pheasant! Then there Is the lSih century
Duehes of Queen.cbury posting down fre-.i
London to Parsons Green to tell Lady
Sophia Thomas somelhing of impo. .ar.ee.'
towit. 'Take a couple of beefsteaks, clap
them together as if for a dumpling, and
eat them with pepper and salt: It Is the
best thing you ever tasted. I could not
help coming back to tell you." And then
she drove back to town." What has al
ways puzzled me Is the expression "clap
them together as If for a dumpling." Were
they served cooked or uncooked?
Any talk a-fcout good things to eat al
ways recalls that story of the darkey boys
who "made up a puss" to go to the one
who should "name de bes' eatings." They
drew straws for the first turn, and one.
giving the weighty matter due considera
tion, began slowly: "Yaes, de bes' c-atir.rs!
Well. I says 'possum, an' ham. an' 'taters.
an" watermlll'.on " A black hand shot out
and made a grab at the money. "Shet up.
yo' sneak. n' nigger." said its owner, "yo"
think I's swine stay In dLi yere gamo
when yo' done gone name all dey is?"
Operation of a Gcrinnii Trust.
Engineering Magazine.
The usual method of procedure adopted
by the German syndicates are for a
number of experts to visit each of the
works associated, to ascertain its capac
ity of production and its aptitude for any
speclal clasa of work, i rd rs. Vdns re
ceived by the central offices, are then al
located and" Remitted to the several es
tablishments, regard being paid to the
situation and circumstances of the various
firms so as to avoid waste, overlapping
and unnecessary delay. And not only
ere prices fixed and orders allocated by
syndicate agreement, but payments us
ually pass through the centra! offices.
Moreover, the syndicate frequently at
tends to times, method's and corts of
transit, and many other matter.-. With tho
greatest possible advantage to Its con-
; stltuents. for Its expert oniciais :irc oei-
ter Informed than th private manufac
turer Immersed In the technicalities of
his own particular works can hope to be.
i While different syndicates have different
I rules some allowing their members more
1 liberty of action than others, these may
be taken as the general outlines of tho
working of German iron and steel syndicates