THE 3IOKMSG OREGOSIAN, TUESDAY, MARCH 12, 1907.
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PORTLAND, TIE8DAY. MARCH 12, 1907.
JTAITRFVL. AMONG THE F.UTHXESS.
The New York politicians who wish
to muke Mr. Hughes President of the
United States are like the girl who
married a man to get rid of him. From
one point of view she accomplished her
purpose, for the man no longer popped
the question every- time he saw her, but
the reason for his silence was not en
tirely satisfactory- He no longer en
treated; he was now able to command.
It is to be feared, or hoped, that the
politicians, In making Mr. Hughes
President, would suffer a similar dis
illusionment. They would be rid of that
iron Integrity which they find, so
strange and disconcerting in the Cap
itol in Albany, and they might possibly,
though not probably, succeed in replac
ing Mr. Hughes, by' some invertebrate
puppet of the sort they so dearly love,
but they would ultimately be sub
merged in a rising tid-e of popular sen
timent, which would sweep them and
their puppet away to the drlftpile of
dead grafters that has grown so rapid
ly of late and Is certain to grow faster
and faster. That is their predestined
home and -they are bound to go there,
whether Mr. Hughes becomes President
or not. but his succession to Mr. Roose
velt would undoubtedly accelerate the
doleful consummation.
The grartor.s' trust seems to expect
two definite advantages from promot
ing Mr. Hughes to the White House.
In the first place, as we have stated,
they expect to replace him in Albany
by some gelatinous creature who would
reinstate the ancient methods of back
stairs government and serpentine coun
sels, which Hughes has abolished, and
whose loss is to the grafters a perpet
ual cause of woe. In - the sec
ond place. they believe that his
unbounded popularity would draw
after him into office a whole host
of questionable shapes who have
otherwise not the shadow of a chance
1o be elected. Thus they would make
of his promotion a double advantage
to themselves anil a double disaster to
the public. Are their calculations cor
rect? "We hesitate to pronounce them
entirely fHllH-oiouy. but there are one
or two considerations which throw
more or less doubt upon them.
Mr. Hughes was chosen Governor of
New York, we may remark, not be
rause of his polities but because of his
well-known character. Those traits and
faculties of his, which the grafting pol
. lticinns detest, are vell-beloved of the
ieople, and they availed to save him
from the ccneral wreck of his party at
the last election. Should the Repub
licans nominate for bis successor some
complacent simulacrum of a man, is
it conceivable that the people would
obediently go to the polls and elect
him? Have they so soon forgotten their
hatred of graft? Has the emergent
power to discriminate between good
r.nd Kid in candidates which the voters
displayed at the last election been sub
merged again? "We do not believe it.
Thu American electorate is not a fickle
mob, either in New York or in any
other stale. The moral awakening was
not by any means an evanescent con
vulsion of public opinion, but a stead
fast change of heart. It was an inward
growth both of the intellect and tha
v ill. It was the result of deep thought
upon problems that had lonsr perplexed.
This being the case, it is credible
that disappointment awaits t ho- graft
ers' truxt. Their hore of being dragged
Into office at the heels of some honest
man like Mr. Hughes is much less
likely to be realized than such hopes
were two or three years ago. The
ehanees are that if be were nominated
for President he would receive the hon
est vote of the Republican party and
perhaps of the Democratic party, too;
but very few of the slippery gang who
bope to profit by his Success would
achieve their ambition. If his name
' stood among his fellow -candidates on
th ticket tike a star of the first mag
nitude among a shower of muek. the
voters would give him their ballots, but
tuo muck the- would reject. The time
lu.s gone by. let us hope forever, when
the honeiy of an upright and cour-
ageous man can be made to serve the
crafty purposes of the rogues' combine
through the stupidity an indifference
of the voters. Mr. Hughe may not
be nominated for President. But if he
were, the contingency would afford un
mingled satisfaction to decent people
and would be utterly devoid of consola
tion for rascals.
NORMAT. SCHOOL ABCSE3.
Much of the discussion of normal
school appropriations is based upon (
the assumption that the objection to
the schools is their cost to the tax
payers. That is the least of the ob
jections that have been urged. While
the cost in dollars is worth considering,
it is of secondary importance. The
most important criticism is that from
the very creation of the schools they
have figured in trades upon all sorts of
legislation. No other department of
state business is made the subject of
trades to such an extent as the normal
schools. Their distribution In four
counties, away from the capital, af
fords the opportunity for trading.
' If some member of the Legislature
has a bill which he-is anxious to have
enacted and finds himself short of the
required number of votes, he threatens
defeat of a normal school appropria
tion for the purpose of "lining rip" a
member from a norma! county for his
bill. The trading once begun accumu
lates as it proceeds, like a snowball
rolling down hill. It affects legislation
as far removed; from the subject of
normal schools as peanut politics is
from statesmanship.
Distribution of state' institutions over
the state gives rise to this feature of
legislation, especially when the Insti
tutions are conducted largely as local
rather than as state Institutions, as
some of the normals have been.
Another objection to the normal
schools is that they have been, in ef
fect, local high schools rather than
state normals. The locations of two
were not such as to make them good
normal schools. For the maintenance
of a properly-conducted normal school,
doing purely normal school work, the
state can afford to pay a liberal sum.
For the maintenance of a system that
interferes with legislation of all kinds
it cannot afford to pay anything. The
amount of money spent is of minor
importance.
It has been asserted that because the
people gave a majority In favor of the
appropriation bill submitted to vote
under the referendum last June, they
indorsed the present normal school sys
tem. This conclusion Is not warranted.
That appropriation bill contained items
for the maintenance of the asylum and
other institutions at Salem, for college
improvements at Eugene and- Corvallis
and for other objects 'besides the four
normals. Had the bill been for the
maintenance of four normals it would
have been overwhelmingly defeated.
The people did not believe that all the
state institutions should be left with
out funds.
The people believe in normal schools,
but they do not believe in four schools
so located and managed that they form
the basis for trades on all kinds of
legislation. Control of all the schools
by one board will remove much of -the
influence of local Interest. When nor
mal schools stand upon their own
merits and the members of the Legis
lature from Douglas, Jackson, Polk and
Umatilla feel it no more of their busi
ness than of anyone else to look after
appropriations, the evils of the system
will be removed.
SHERIFF AND COl'SIT COL-KT.
The Sheriff Is the proper custodian
of the county prisoners, and is such
custodian in every county in Oregon
except Multnomah. In this county a
large number of prisoners are employed
in a rock-quarry. When taken there
from the County Jail they are removed
from the control of the Sheriff and put
under that of the County Court. The
Legislature at its last session passed
a law extending the Sheriff's authority
over the prisoners at the quarry, to work
them "under the direction of the Conn
ty Court," thus taking away from the
County Court the control it now holds.
The County Court fought the bill in
the Legislature, and will now fight it
by referendum.
It is rather strange that the County
Court should consider itself the only
body fit to operate the rock-quarry.
Even the most efficient man is not in
dispensable to a business. He may
think he is, but always finds he is not.
Other men come forward to manage
quite as well or better. The County
Court nor the Sheriff is warranted in
thinking that the quarry would be
poorly operated If it or he were out of
control. We take it. also, that the
Sheriff is not absolutely necessary for
managing the jail or controlling the
prisoners therein. U
But the Sheriff's natural duty is that
of guarding the prisoners and holding
them under his power during the period
of their imprisonment. That is what
he is elected to do in every- other county
of the state. And that is really what
he Is elected to do in Multnomah Coun
ty. The county will not go to ruin if
some other authority shall perform this
duty nor if some other authority should
perform the functions of the County
Court. But the Sheriff and the County
Court have certain distinct functions.
delined by law and by custom. The
function of guarding county prisoners,
naturally, belongs to the Sheriff, as
chief executive officer of the county,
whether in the County Jail or else
where. That of guarding state pris
oners is vested in the chief executive
officer of the state, the Governor, for
the same reason.
The Sheriff should be recognized as
fit to have custody of prisoners from
the time they are committed by the
Circuit Court or Justice Court to im
prisonment by the county until they
are released or given over to the state
authorities. While there are some
County Judges and Commissioners who
might look better wielding policemen's
clubs, the framers of constitutions and
of laws generally have not seen fit to
vest them with such authority.
The County Court serves as a board
for "transacting county business." the
quoted words being those of the state
constitution. This business is that of
making and maintaining roads and en
tering Into, contracts therefor, building
bridges, purchasing supplies for the
county and generally administering Its
afTalrs. Its duties are not executive,
as those of the Sheriff.
It is rather presumptuous for the
County Court to claim to itself the sol'
fitness for managing the fock-quarry.
The work of crushing stone is no essen
tial part of the road-building duty of
the County Court. The County Court
built roads many years before it had
a rock-quarry, and other counties are.
doirg this now. The County Court of
Multnomah established the quarry for
the purpose primarily of affording
work for county prisoners. The
crushed-rock product of their labor,
while valuable to the public, is not the
real object of the quarry. Confinement
of the prisoners, with healthful em
ployment, is the main consideration. If
the quarry were operated by free labor
instead of by prison labor, as a strictly
money-saving plant, the County Court
would be the proper body to manage
it. But it is conducted as a prison, and
the stone-crushing plant is operated
for the purpose of affording its inmates
employment, a manner that win
yield the county some return. For this
reason the Sheriff should conduct the
plant under the direction of the Coun
ty Court."
The legislative act, which the County
Court is fighting, provides that the
Sheriff shall collect fiom the county
12V4 cents for each meal fed) to each
county prisoner. The County Court al
leges that this price is too high and
that the Sheriff would make J4000 a
year "graft" out of it. That, however.
was about the graft of Sheriff Storey
and Sheriff Word when they collected
17',4 cents a meal from the. county. That
was 5 cents more than Sheriff Stevens
would receive, and was paid by the
county whert the Sheriff did not have
to pay as big prices for provisions as
now. Under, these circumstances it
does not seem reasonable to assert that
Sheriff Stevens would make 14000 an
nual graft. He .might make a small
margin of profit, but certainly nothing
to approach that which accrued to
other Sheriffs. '
The 12tfc-cent meal price is not ex
cessive, and the Sheriff claim that he
should have custody of the prisoners is
reasonable. The legislative ' act should
become a law. The county court prob
ably, however, can prevent the act
from becoming a law during the pres
ent term of the Sheriff, since a referen
dum will hold it ud until the election of
Juno, 1908, when Stevens' successor will
be elected. - In the acTimoTrious fight
between the County Court and the
Sheriff, this in itself will be a triumph
for the County Court, and the latter evi
dently thinks it worth trying.
BRIMSTONE IN FARAIIS.
The odor of boiling -brimstone which
permeates the atmosphere of the Wil
lamette Valley is not to be taken as
evidence that this beautiful region has
any .characteristics in common with
those infernal regions, where brimstone
forms the land:and sea and fills the air
with Its deadly fumes, far from it.
In -Hades brimstone bums; in the Wil
lamette Va-lrey it bolls. That is a dis
tinction with a difference. And yet, if
reasoned out toy far-fetched arguments,
there might foe found some distinct re
lationship 'between the conditions.
wihleh give rise to the noxious odors
floating over the hills and dales of this
garden-spot of America, and. the con
ditions which are supposed to exist in
the lower regions.
An illustrious American .warrior is
authority for. the assertion that "War
is hell." And there Is war in the Wil
lamette Valley war .upon San Jose
scale, moss and other enemles'of Ore
gon fruit. Hence the odor of brim
stone, which is boiled in making the
solution with, which the trees are
sprayed. No sinful soul that ever went
to the lake of fire was more certain
of destruction than is the hapless scale
insect that falls victim to the lime-sul
phur bath. If man could see this di
minutive insect and -understand his
language as the shower of spray falls
about defenseless head, beyond a
doubt the last audible despairing cry
would be, "This war is hell."
A few years ago an enterprising city
up the Valley issued an advertising
pamphlet, entitled, "Adam and Eve
Lost Paradise We Have Found it."
To be more in accord with truth, the
assertion should have been, "we are
finding it." Paradoxical though it may
seem, the fact is that- liberal" use of
brimstone is necessary to make a para
dise out of the Willamette Valley. Dis
eased and dying fruit trees, gnarled
and scrubby, have no place in the Eden
of Holy Writ and of Milton's - poetic
description. There was no San Jose
scale in Eden, else the apple tree would
have borne no fruit that could have
tempted Eve or her conscienceless
spouse. The Willamette Valley can lay
no claim to possession of the conditions
that prevailed in paradise until it has
exterminated the pests that mar the
beauty and productiveness of its fruit
trees. When vigorous use of the prun-ing-knife
has removed the tangled
twigs iu the tree-tops, and liberal ap
plication of lime-sulphur spray has
loosened the long drapery of moss and
cleansed the limbs and branches of
scale, then it will be time to put forth
the claim with some assurance that the
people of the Willamette Valley hLve
touno paradise.
In the meantime let -the odor of boil
ing brimstone be wafted on every
breeze throughout the length and
breadth of the Valley. It may be an
unpleasant odor to the casual passer
by, but to those who know that it
means the regeneration of Oregon or
chards It will not be offensive. Tjet us
have some of the fumes of Hades to
day, in order that we may enjoy the
fruits of paradise tomorrow.
THE EVII OF BOILED WATER.
Many communities in stress of epi
demic or menace of typhoid have had
recourse to -boiled water as the only
known means of safety from Infection
through water-borne germs of 'that
most justly dreaded filth disease. That
water thus created Is rendered- unfit
to drink from the standpoint of taste
everybody knows who has .been forced
to use it. as a means of safety. In
addition- to its Insipidity and- unsatis
fying qualities as a beverage, it is now
asserted, upon French medical author
ity, that many troubles of the stomach
and intestines have been traced to its
use.
This Is absolutely startling. The
general belief hitherto has been that
boiled water was absolutely safe, and
that its flat, insipid taste was atoned
for in its hygienic qualities. Now we
are told that boiling the water, while
it sterilizes it, makes It unfit to drink,
first, because It is thus totaiiy deprived
of the air which water normally holds
in solution, and is made heavy and in
digestible by this lack of aeration; in
the second place, the carbonates of
lime are precipitated, which injures its
flavor, and finally, the earthy matters
in suspension are also precipitated,
making it insipid.
To obviate these many disadvan
tages, a French scientist tells us that
we must discard the water that has
been boiled and use water sterilized by
heat under pressure, "which, is alone
able to answer all hygienic demands.
Numerous devices have been invented,
by means of which it Is possible to
raise the water to a temperature of
302 degrees F.. preventing escape of the
dissolved air and not allowing the sep
aration and precipitation of the soluble
compounds.- When these conditions
impossible iu the ordinary home are
fulfilled, then and only then, we are
told, will water, sterilized from the micro-biological
standpoint, retain its or
ganic properties, remain drinkable,
easily digestible and perfectly harm
less. The belief that boiled water ia ab
solutely safe as a beverage is thus
rudely dispelled, though a choice be
tween typhoid and other "enteric
troubles will favor taking chances with
the latter by drinking the insipid stuff.
A writer in a current medical mag
azine, in discussing the Importance of
the pre serration of' hearing and the
need of (giving attention ' to the first
sign of a failure of this sense, says that
one cause for neglect in this matter
is that Nature has given to man
many times the amount of percep
tion of sound In a normal con
dition of hearing ' that is needed
in densely centralized oomtrwinitles.
It Is even asserted that a young:
person may lose 99 per cent of this fac
ulty before he is conscious of its Im
pairment. Noise toeing one of the great
accompaniments of strenuous life to
day, some dullness of the acute, native
endowment of hearing can scarcelyi be
reckoned as a misfortune. Just Imag
ine the Impact upon one's nerves If
the noises of a great city were 99 per
cent more distinct than they are now!
Confusion rnore confounded would
reign, and the person with quiet, med
itative mind would be fain to flee to
the very ends of the earth if thereby
he could flna respite from the infernal
din. ' In this view, a moderate degree
of deafness is not to be considered a
misfortune, but a blessing, rather.
At the "middleman" many hard
blows are aimed these days, but not
many effective hits are made. The. lat
est movement against middlemen, is the
organization of hotel and restaurant-
keepers in New York for the purpose
of buying supplies without paying- a
profit to the middleman. The prune
grower and apple grower and ' fruit
can ner can see some sense in that.
Here's hoping that the' New Tork Co
operative Hotel and Restaurant Associ
ation, or whatever it may be called,
will buy direct from the organiza
tions of Oregon producers, thus saving
at each end of the line some of the
profits of .go-betweens.
A Justice of the United States
Circuit Court in - New Tork has
ruled that in , a libel case the
article complained of must be tak
en and considered as a whole and
that it Is not permissible to base the
charge of libel upon isolated extracts.
And such a rulinier is no more than
common sense. To .pick out a- single
sentence of a publication to show the
libel would, in many cases, he a direct
misrepresentation of the general
thought andi purpose of the whole ar
ticle. In the New Tork Legislature a bill
has been introduced foi- the establish
ment of a closed season for frog-hunting.
The newspapers are inclined to
treat it as a joke, but the author as
serts that the frogs kill mosquitoes and
other injurious 'insects, and should be
protected from depletion by the merci
less ' hunters 'who find a market for
them at fashionable restaurants. There
is more merit in the bill than in many
measures that find their way into leg
islative records.
If it IS true, as Mr. Trill declares,
that he did not - read Senator Bever-
idge's address prior "to the day upon
which be was to deliver his oration,
then it is up to the faculty of Willam
ette University to apologize for the
resolutions adopted condemning their
representative in the intercollegiate de
bate, or else explain how the Beveridge
expressions got into the Trill oration.
If part of the Beveridge speech, was
stolen and Trill did not do it, who
did? .
If the newcomers from the East will
stay here 18 months and then go back
to their old homes for a Winter's visit
with friends, they will return to Ore
gon to remain as long as they live. In
the enjoyable climate of Oregon peo
pie sometimes forget the .rigors of
Eastern W'inters, but a short renewal
of old experiences is enough to con
vince the most obdurate that Oregon
cannot be excelled by any Eastern
state as a pleasant place to make a
home.
In undertaking a war upon the opium
vice, the United States is leading a
movement that should, and undoubted
ly will, have very beneficial results.
Upon Great Britain this work would
most Justly fall, for to the cupidity
of that country is due thei introduction
of the opium habit, where 1t has its
strongest hold. Co-operation in an
aggressive campaign against this eiil
affords the most promising outlook for
success.
If this should prove to be an off-year
for the hopgrowers, owing to a large
carry-over stock, most of them are in
a position to stand it, for there have
been -profitable crops in recent years.
But it is yet too early -to predict. The
sprouts ara barely out of the ground,
and there is nothing- upon which to
base an estimate of the crop in foreign
countries.
, Germany's upper-tendom refuses the
efforts of leading ladies to pledge them
not to commit immoral acts for a perl
od of one year. They deny that they
have committed or intend to commit
any immoral acts. That settles it. The
right way to find out whether the aris
tocrats of any country are immoral is
to ask them.
The woman who entertained a crowd
on the streets Saturday night by try
ing to take her husband away from
the company of another -woman will
remember that there Is still in exist
ence a system of ethic long ago de
scribed as having two principles, "hate
your neighbor and- love your neighbor's
wife."
A Salem woman complained because
the law requires her husband to pay
more for a dog license thah he did -for
a marriage license. She might get some
Consolation out of the fact that it will
cost less to kill the dog han to get
a divorce.
On March 21 the world's greatest cir
cus will leave its Winter quarters in
New Tork and start on its annual tour.
This is merely to . let the small - boy
know it's coming. Twenty-nine ele
phants, count 'em, twenty-nine!
It may be safely assumed that most
of the homeseekers now crowding
transcontinental trains into Oregon will
stay. Men don't travel for pleasure in
March. .
NEW FOREST RESERVES DESCRIBED
Additional Withdrawals as Made in Northwest
States, by Order of President Roosevelt, March 4
OHT3SONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington, March 6. (Special Correspond
ence.) The President, on -the day that
Congress adjourned, created permanent
forest reserves, which embrace all pub
lic timber land in Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, Montana. Colorado and Wyoming,
known or believed to be chiefly valuable
for forestry purposes. There may be
other land of this type not included, but
if so, the probabilities are that it will
never be included within a forest reserve,
because the agricultural appropriation
bill, signed March . prohibits the crea
tion 'of further reserves in the six states
named, except by act of Congress.
Adding the area of reserves just created
to the area of those created in the past.
it is found that the total reserve area of
Oregon is now 16.552. 72S acres, in Wash
ington 12,076.600 and in Idaho 20.015,768
acres.
The Forest Service has issued a state
ment giving a general description of
those recently created, as follows;
ORKGOX.
Cascade "Reserve.
The recent additions to the Cascade
National forest are comparatively small,
614.000 acres, consisting of a number of
mountainous, timbered and burned-over
areas on the high spurs running out from
the Cascade Range. The lands, except
about 1 per cent, are of such 8. character
as to make settlement impossible, yet
they are capable, with proper protection,
of producing heavy stands of timber.
The smalt additions on the northeast
and east sides will be of value In- pro
tecting the Irrigation projects which are
developing near The Dalles and in the
valley of Des Chutes River.
Ininaha Reserve.
By the President's recent proclamation
creating the Imnaha Reserve the National
forests formerly known as the Wallowa
and Chesnimnus have been combined. Be
sides the area included in them, approxi
mately 780,000 acres of new lands have
been added. These lands consist of the
extremely, rugged region which consti
tutes the breaks o'J the 'Salmon River
Canyon. The lands rise precipitously
from the Snake River with an altitude of
about 1000 feet to one of 6000 feet at the
summit of the range. The entire area Is
cut up Into canyons with very steep
slopes. Timber is found over the whole
area on the protected slopes, in the coves
and in the canyon bottoms, but the con
ditions are such that under a proper sys
tem of management the forest area may
be greatly extended. What little agri
cultural land is included has already been
taken up and settled. This is a rugged
mountain region which will never be
settled, and it is very advisable that lit
be placed permanently under the Gov
ernment management.
Tillamook, Umpqua and Ooquille
Reserves.
These three National forests are sit
uated in the ns ct nanff. t.
- - - -1 vicuit n i iii
extend in the form of a narrow, broken
tJ'-" ' i '.in imamooK V oun r y to Curry
County. Their areas are: Tillamook. 165.
000 acres? fTmnniia Sn9 mn oa i ...
quille, 119,000 acres. The lands embraced
wiimra mem are -either heavily timbered
or lie within extensive old burns. The
slopes are very steep, the soil rocky, the
country is cut up by numberless canyons,
and Is thus unsuitable for agriculture.
As factors in the future lumber industry
of Oregon, these National forests are go
ing to be very important. Practically all
of the land included within them is cov
ered with the hpAviV v-in -. i
of young timber, and most of it bids fair
cxwirent quajiry. xne (Joquille
In particular contains a great deal of
young Port Orford cedar, which is prob
ably the best timber on the Coast.
Siskiyou Reserve.
The recent addition of 446,290 acres to
ueiiiuu .-vauonat j? orest Keserve in-
ciuaes tne area which it was orielnali in
tended should be reserved and which h
been withdrawn from settlement since
jwjs. wnen the district was carefulK- n
amlned in the field and the lands classi-
nea. mis is primarily a timbered resrinn
and certain portions of the Siskiyou con
tain splendid stands of pine, fir, hemlock
and Port Orford cedar. Considerable
areas, however, lie within old burns and
contain only young timber. Some of these
latter areas nave great prospective value
Less than 2 per cent of this national for
est consists of agricultural land, for the
lines were drawn with a view to exclud
ing everything that would support a
nona nae settler. '
There was considerable opposition to
the creation of the. Siskiyou National
forest on the part of the people who de
sired to obtain title to the valuable
timherlands.
The southeastern portion of the Siski
you is of great importance in protecting
and encouraging irrigation development
in the Rogue River Valley and up the
tributaries of this stream.
Wcnalia Addition.
By the President's recent proclamation
there have been added to the Wenaha
National forest approximately 70.000
acres. The lands added form - a atrip
varying rrom lour to eix miles In width
lying between the former boundary and
the Umatilla Indian reservation. With
the exception of two or three iirks situ
ated In the interior ao that they could
not well be excluded, the lands are all
forested, and on a portion of It the timber
is very valuable. The entire area -lies
on the headwaters of streams which fur
nish the water for the Umatilla project
of the United States Reclamation Service,
and the protection of the lands from over
grazing and indiscriminate and careless
lumbering- operations is considered abso
lutely necessary by the Reclamation Serv
ice for the success of the project
Ashland Reserve. ,
By the recent proclamations app-roxt
roately 154.000 acres have been added to
the Ashland National forest. The en-
tire area added consists of mountain land.
not valuable for agriculture, but of an
extraordinary value for growing timber.
Like all Western Oregon, the climate is
mild, the seasons very long and the
precipitation great, exactly the condi
tions under which timber grows most
rapidly and reaches the greatest develop
ment. A very large portion of the area
has been burned over and the timber de
stroyed, which accounts for the fact that
It has not yet been taken up under any
of the land laws, under proper adminis
tration. such as the Forest Service pro
poses to give it. these lands will be pro
tected from further destruction by fire
and conditions necessary to reforestation
secured. Under good management the
burned-over areas -will, after 40 years.
yield commercial timber, and the area
will thereafter bring in a permanent in
come, to the community and to the Gov
ernment. If it is not properly managed,
the probability is that fire will practical
ly prevent the production of a commer
cial crop of timber.
. WASHINGTON.
Washington Reserve Extension.
The addition to the Washington Na
tional forest is a very larg;e one, 2.275.-
000 acres, and includes the country be
tween the old Washington and the ML
Rainier National forests. It covers the
mala range of the Cascade Mountains
and extends down the heavily timbered
eastern and western slopes to approxi
mately the upper limit of agricultural
land. Less than 2 per cent of the area
is suitable for settlement. That por
tion lying west of the divide is of value
chiefly for the production of timber
and the protection of streams which
will be extensively used for the gen
eration of power. It is for the most
part covered with a heavy stand of
mature fir, cedar and hemlock, though
there are large areas of barren land
upon the higher portions. -
The eastern slope, is also well tim
bered, but with timber of a different
kind, there being a great deal of pine
and larch. This portion is of exceed
ingly great value for protecting the
irrigation projects of the Yakima, We-
natchee. Chelan, Methow and Okano
gan Valleys.
The creation of this National forest
has long been contemplated and the
lands have been withdrawn from set
tlement for several years. It would
probably have been created two or
three years ago had it not been for the
arge amount of alienated land which.
previous to the repeal of the lieu se-
ection law, might have been used as
base for scrip. Both the Great North
ern and the Northern Pacific Railroads
cross the area. A great deal of the
timber, therefore, is accessible and will
at once come into the market, to be cut
under appropriate regulations.
Rainier Reserve.
The additions that have been made
to the Mount Rainier National forest.
730,000 acres, are the Ashford and the
Mount St. Helens additions on the west
side, and a number of small areas on
the south hear the Columbia Kiver,
also a Bmall area on the east near the
Tieton reclamation project. The lands
included are all either heavily timber
ed or covered with dense stands of
young timber. Most of the new area
lies within burned-over regions and is
situated on steep, rocky spurs of the
Cascade Range. There is less than 1
per cent of agricultural land Included
for the boundary was - drawn with
great care to exclude all lands suit
able for Homestead settlement.
The addition on the east is of value
in protecting the reclamation project.
but the protection of the timber Is the
main reason for the additions.
Olympic Reserve.
The additions to the Olympic National
Forest are merely a few small areas
gregating 119,000 acres which have been
withdrawn from settlement for some time,
They are heavily timbered, but for the
most part lie within old bums. The
lands are absolutely unfit for agricultural
purposes, lying as they do on high, steep
slopes of the Olympic Range. All of the
additions carry a great deal of dead cedar
and a dense stand of young fir, cedar, and
hemlock.
The additions on the western side were
formerly included within the Olympic,
but were thrown out together with a
great deal of similar heavily timbered
lands, the unfortunate elimination of 1900.
The main reason for the additions Is to
protect the young timber, which is in dan
ger of being destroyed.
Colville Reserve. ,
The area embraced within the Colville
National Forest is 857,200 acres.. It lies
immediately north of the Colville Indian
Reservation and includes only the higher
portions of the three groups of mountains
which extend southward from British Col
umbia in that locality. A very careful
examination of this territory was made
during the Summer of 1905. when the tlnr
ber was mapped and the lands classified
Less than 2 per cent of the area is agri
cultural. The greatest care has been ex
ercised in drawing the boundaries so as to
exclude practically all of the agricultural
land which in this part of Washington is
already quite valuable and will ultimately
be In great demand.
The Colville contains a large quantity
of excellent timber, including yellow pine,
fir, and larch, which becomes immediatcly
avallable. The higher portions have thick
stands of lodgepole pine, Engelmann
spruce, and alpine fir. The timber will
largely be needed for local use when the
country is settled up. for It is expected
that the rich land under irrigation will
support a heavy population. Only a small
area in this locality is under irrigation at
present, but many small projects are un
der way and there is every Indication
that all of the streams, and there are a
great many of them which rise in these
mountains, will be used to Irrigate grain
and fruit ranches in the lower valleys
along the Columbia and the Okanogan.
The Okanogan project of the Reclama
tion Service will depend in some measure
on this National forest.
Priest River Additions.
By the President's recent proclama
tion there has been added to the Priest
River National Forest approximately
300,000 acres, lying In the State of
Washington. . This covers the western
slope of Pend d'Oreille Range, which
extends northward about BO miles from
the line of the Great Northern Railroad
to the Canadian boundary. The range
is from 6J00 to 8300 feet high and much
of It is above timberline. Along the
Pand d'Oreille River, outside of the
lands reserved, there is a small area
of agricultural land. The lands re
served are without exception suita-ble
IF THIS "BRAIN-STORM"
(SCENE IN A CERTAIN NEW YORK
THIS I CgSSS. TZ'sTOMIZ "B j"
rV 5L25fi2 nilLc ill e ja LiJ lj
.mKW . , .
only for forest purposes. The condi
tions here are very similar to those
of the western slope of the Cascade
Mountains of Oregon and Washington
and the forests are very dense and
the stands very heavy. The Summer
season Is dry, and owing to the ex
posure of this mountain range the
lands have been badly burned over.
After severe fires in this region tne
lands grow up to a species of chapar
ral which effectually prevents repro
duction of the forest. The area is not
valuable for grazing or agriculture.
and Is a purely timber-producing
tract. If it is ever to be of any value
to tho community or to the Nation,
the remaining forests must be protect
ed from fire and the burned-over lands
reforested. This work can best be done
by the Government, and under good
management there is no doubt that
these lands can be made a permanent
source of income.
Welscr Reserve.
By the new proclamation for the
Weiser National Fortst. three changes
in boundary are secured. The most im
portant is the elimination of 14.40.1
acres of grazing and agricultural land
along the east slope of the canyons of
Salmon and Little Salmon Rivers, in
townships 23, 24 and 25 north, range
1 cast. This area was unsurveyed
when the National forest was created,
so that it was impossible to determine
exactly the location of the proposed
boundaries. A narrow strip of timbered
land, aggregating about 8000 acres, ly
ing along the south slope of Cuddy
Mountain, is added to the reserve area.
Also the Snake River is for a long dis
tance made, the west boundary of the
Seven Ievils Division. This will
greatly simplify administration, since .
the line as previously established fol
lowed along the breaks of the river
in a country almost impassable on
account of its steep and rugged char
acter. The change will be. of advan
tage equally to tha stock Interests and
to the Government.
IDAHO.
Big Hole Reserve.
The lands recently added to the B!g
Hole Notional Forest amount to approxi
mately 2?O.0CO acres located in the. north
eastern portion of Idaho on the conti
nental 'divide. The lands are. wholly
mountainous and without any value what
ever for agricultural purposes. The sup
ply of timber in this region is very lim
ited. The- water rising in the area is used
for irrigation and the interests of the set
tlers living adjacent to the reserve de
mand that protection of the timber nnd
water supply which Is given by the Gov
ernment in its adininistraton of the -National
forests.
Port Neuf Reserve.
The Port Neuf lies in Bannock County
15 miles east of Payette, and covers. about
100,000 acres. The highest peaks run up
to over 9000 feet and the Port Neuf River
circles around the reserved area on the
east, south and west. The average pre
cipitation is about 12 inches and part of
this is snow. An open growth of lodge
pole pine, red fir and quaking aspen oc
curs in strips, usually above the flOno foot
level. The timber is of value ehieny for
fuel, house logs and fencing. The reserve
is a most important part of the water
shed of the Port Neuf River, in the valley
of which the ranches are entirely de
pendent on irrigation. The protection f
the forest cover on the mountain Is there
fore of vital importance.
Palouse Reserve.
The Palouse National fiorest contains
approximately 180.000 acres on the head
waters of the Palouse River in Northern
Idaho. These lands are natufal forest
lands of very high value for their timber
and of no value for agriculture. This
National forest covers the headwaters
of the Palouse River, whose waters the
Reclamation Service proposes to divert
to desert lands in Washington. The en
tire watershed of the Palouse River lies
in a comparatively low altitude and the
stream flow is very irregular, since there
are no snow fields above timber line
from which It is fed during the Summer.
It Is, therefore, more than usually im
portant to secure those conditions which
tend to provide a steady flow, and the
preservation of the forests on the head
waters of the stream and the protection,
of the lands from overgrazing is the only
practicable means -of accomplishing this
end. Under the management of these tim
herlands under the regulations of the De
partment of Agriculture, the mature tim
ber will be removed but without injury
to the forest or to the water supply and'
the lands grazed under regulations which
will insure the greatest protection to tho
Water supply and to the stockmen a .
range whiqh will be kept permanently 1n
good condition.
IDAHO, MONTANA, vVTOMIXG.
Yellowstone Reserve.
The lands added to the Yellowstone Na
tional forest by the recent proclamation
of the President amount to about 34.
000 acres situated in Montana, Wyoming
and Idaho. They are identical in charac
ter with those already within the reserve,
and the same conditions which led to the
creation of the original reserve, the
necessity of the protection of the water
supply and the timber, brought , about
the addition of this area.
INVESTIGATION KEEPS UP
From the Denver Republican.
COI RT ALONG ABOUT 1935 A. IJ. '