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THE MORNING OEEGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1902.
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TODAY'S WEATHER Occasional rain, with
brisk to high southwest winds.
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem
peratur. 44; minimum temperature, 32; pre
cipitation, 0.S2 Inch.
l'OHTI,An, WEDNESDAY. FED.
MAYOR LOWS CHIEF I'ltOIILEM.
Mayor Low has ho reason to be sur
prised at the attitude of his late parti
pans who make no secret of Impatience
of his tardiness in "purifying" the cor
ruptions of New York City, and who,
by implication at least, are charging
him with cowardice and bad faith. lie
has no reason to be surprised because
with his experience of men and affairs
he ought to know that men like Dr.
Parkhurst, who set up as professional
reformers, are never willing to go about
the work of making things better by
the only course by which things can be
made better. Reformers, though often
men of great moral earnestness, are
rarely controlled by considerations of
common sense and of practical expedi
ency. Oftener than otherwise they are
so wanting in practical judgment as to
prefer no bread to half a loaf; and such
commonly Is their vanity that they
would rather fall entirely than to win
through other than radical courses.
They make a merit of ignoring the au
thority which tile past exerts upon the
present and the future, and they have
no respect for the moral law which lim
its the movement of reforms by the
conditions which precede them.
Mayor Low is one of those rare men
who,- while an earnest supporter of po
litical ideals, is willing to do the thing
he must, provided he cannot do the
thing he would. Because he can
not wholly "purify" the social and
political conditions of New York
City he does not despair or sulk.
He does the best he -can with condi
tions as he finds them, believing it bet
ter to make some progress than none
at all; and he sees no merit in the
bumptiousness which declines any ad
vantage because it cannot proceed on
radical and revolutionary lines.
The political idealist, for all his moral
earnestness, is not uncommonly an ob
structionist, in the practical work of
political reform. His insistence upon
extreme and ruinous measures is one
of the first difficulties which a well
disposed official always has to meet;
and if his counsels be not accepted and
followed, he is more than likely to open
fire in the rear, where he is more useful
to the enemies of reform than if he
stood nominally with them. Dr. Park
hurst and his followers are today, in
their attitude toward the Low admin
istration, doing more for the future suc
cess of Tammany Hall than any thou
sand men in the Tammany member
ship. The progress of political reform in
New York or elsewhere cannot in the
nature of things proceed wholesomely
or permanently beyond the point where
it finds support in the general public
judgment Mayor Low understands
this principle, and he is directing his
cuur.se in practical recognition of it.
He is not seeking by the power of a
little brief authority to make a sensa
tional revolution. He is far too wise
and practical a man for such folly. He
is, on the other hand, seeking to make
better conditions upon a plan calculated
to command public approval, and in
so doing to elevate the general stand
ard of civic morality. He has the pa
tience to go about this large under
taking in deliberate and reasonable
spirit. The Parkhurst coterie has no
such insight into the conditions of the
problem under the Mayor's hand and no
such self-control.
THE LEADER OP MODERN EXPAN
SION. The impending annexation of the
Danish West Indies reminds us that the
political foresight of General Grant is
at last justified by events. In Novem
ber, 3S69, President Grant, the great
pioneer In our modern policy of expan
sion, negotiated a treaty for the annex
ation of Santo Domingo, with an alter
nate proposition of a lease of the Penin
sma and Bay of Samana to the United
States as a naval station. The treaty
and the lease were defeated by the Sen
ate, through the opposition of Sumner,
Edmunds, Morrill of Vermont, Anthony,
Carpenter ald Schurz. Grant was sup
ported by Senators Conkling, Morton,
Cameron, Zack Chandler, Stewart and
Nye of Nevada, Fenton, Hannibal Ham
lin and Henry Wilson. John Sherman
did not vote, although he was expected
to vote for the treaty. Grant was
greatly disappointed, but quietly re
marked to General Horace Porter, his
secretary: m
I think these gentlemen will see their mis
take. It was unfortunate Seward failed to se
cure the Danish Islands. The commercial In
terests of the United States and tho course of
Spain demand a lookout in tho West Indies.
We may be ahead of time. But It must come.
A strong strategic position down there will
avert a war somo day.
President Grant, la December, 1S70, In
his message to Congress, strongly urged
the acquisition of Santo Domingo as
a National necessity, and Senator Sum
ner renewed his opposition in a speech
of extraordinary personal bitterness,
denouncing Grant as a Caesar. But
what was contemptuously described as
one of Grant's military dreams has
come true, and we are carrying forward
what Grant called "the manifest des
tiny of our country."
In the world of petty politics General
Grant made mistakes, but in any mat
ter worthy of his very capacious mili
tary brain he was a statesman. "He
gave good advice concerning the secur
ing of a naval station in the West In
dies; he was among the first to urge
the construction of the Nicaragua Ca
nal; he was sagacious in urging us to
maintain friendly relations with China
for the sake of the immense market she
would some day present for the trade
of the world. The men who defeated
Grant's purchase of the Bay of Samana
for a naval station in 1S70 were all anti
expanslonists In the matter of Porto
Rico and the Philippines. Schurz, Ed
munds and Mqrrill were In 1S9S just
where they were in 1S70, and the ghost
of the dead Sumner squeaked and gib
bered at the Capitol by the lips of
George F. Hoar.
The saving common sense and prac
tical foresight of Grant Is likely to be
justified today by our tardy annexation
of the Danish West Indies.
THE REORGANIZATION OF THE
MILITIA.
The bill for the reorganization of the
militia recently Introduced in the House
by Representative Dick, of Ohio, is of
deep interest to the National Guard of
Oregon and of all other states, because
it seeks to enact Secretary Root's desire
to make the National Guard more effi
cient by providing that its arms, disci
pline, tactics and general equipment
shall be identical with those of the
regular Army. The Oregonlan during
the Spanish War pointed out the com
parative 'worthlessness of the National
Guard as an efficient adjunct to the reg
ular Army. Its arms were the obsolete
"black powder" Springfield rifled mus
ket a good weapon in its day, but im
potent against troops armed with the
smokeless powder Mausers. Further
more, the regimental organization of
the National Guard was not identical
with that of the regular Army. The
National Guard in some states went into
camp without arms or uniforms, or mil
itary knowledge, and was generally
commanded, even In old states like New
York and Massachusetts, by officers to
whom service in the National Guard
meant nothing but cockades, gold lace,
military fuss and feathers, and an an
nual military picnic officially described
as an annual muster and encampment.
The Government in all our wars has
found the so-called militia of little
value, and largely because the status
of the militia was never clearly de
fined. The bill of Representative Dick has a
provision defining the status of the mi
litia as a first and temporary reserve
and fixing a definite period of time dur
ing which it may be called out by the
President. In the war with Great Brit
ain in 1S12-14 Governor Martin Chitten
den, of Vermont, refused to respond to
the President's call for militia, and
while a considerable number of Ver
monters fought in the battle of Platts
burg in 1S14, th'ey were volunteers who
crossed the lake in defiance and con
tempt of the action of the Governor and
the State Legislature. Governor Caleb
Strong, of Massachusetts, also refusad
to honor the President's call for militia.
The state troops of New York declined
to cross into Canada at the battle of
Queenstown, on the ground that the
President under the Constitution had
no right to order them Into foreign ter
ritory. Dick's bill defines the status of the
militia as a first reserve, to serve when
called out by the President for a period
not exceeding nine months, and implied
ly restricts the service of the militia
to the limits of the United States. Sec
retary Root holds that the regular Army
of 100,000 men should be able to hold
the defensive successfully until armies
of volunteers can be assembled. Under
this bill the militia is placed definitely
in its proper place. Its time of service
is not long; its duty does not imply
exile from the country, and it can re
sume its place as a state guard without
any serious disorganization, for it is
not likely that the provision of the bill
for taking over of trooops compa
nies and regiments of the organized mi
litia into the regular service as might
volunteer after the expiration of their
militia service will be found desirablo
in practice. The armament, organiza
tion and discipline of the National
Guard are to be the same as those of
the regular Army, the arms to be paid
for by the National Government. Joint
maneuvers of militia and regulars are
provided for at the expense of the Gov
ernment. The bill provides for estab
lishing a list of persons qualified to hold
commissions in any volunteer Army,
and permits the Instruction of militia
officers at the Army post-graduate
schools and colleges, like that at For
tress Monroe and Fort Leavenworth.
The bill provides also for the enroll
ment of a reserve to the regular Army
of 100,000 men who have served in the
regular Army, the volunteers or the
National Guard, and who shall receive
the sum of $10 for reporting once a year
to some officer of the War Department
during the enrollment period of five
years, during which they will be sub
ject to the call of the Federal Govern
ment. The enactment of this bill wiH be a
long step toward putting the country in
a decent state of military defense In
event of a great war. It is true that
there is no danger today that the Gov
ernors of states will refuse to honor the
President's call for militia, as all the
Governors of New England refused In
1S12-14, for the Supreme Court, through
Justice Marshall, has authoritatively
decided that the power to call out the
militia of the states for National ser
vices resides with the President. Dur
ing the Civil War, although Governor
Seymour, of New York, was as hostile
to the war policy of Lincoln as the
Governors of New England were to the
war policy of Madison, nevertheless
Governor Seymour promptly stripped
his state of her best militia regiments
at Lincoln's call, during the Gettysburg
campaign. The states are sure to honor
the call of the President for their mi
litia, but this bill seeks to make the
National Guard a valuable adjunct by
giving it the same arms, organization,
equipment, discipline, and, as far as
possible, instruction, as is enjoyed by
the regular Army. This will make the
National Guard a body worthy of ser
vice by soldierly men. It will make It
a body desirable to belong to by a man
of solid military tastes and aptitude,
because the arms, the discipline, the
organization, is up to date with .that of
the regular Army and every opportunity
and encouragement is given the sol
dierly men of the National Guard to
master the military profession. With
the enactment of this bill the old militia
hulks who have been rotting at the
military wharf for years will be cut
loose and set adrift; young, soldierly
men will officer the National Guard;
young, vigorous, Intelligent men will
swell Its ranks because It Is possible
under this bill to make it a fine body
of citizen soldiery. The nine months'
volunteers who did such splendid ser
vice at Gettysburg were composed of
the superior class of men who will nat
urally form the National Guard, if
this bill is enacted. The nine months
men of 1S63 would not have enlisted for
the war, but they were willing to serve
nine months, and they made splendid
soldiers, who were as steady under fire
as veterans.
A PATHETIC AVORD-PICTURE.
A singularly pathetic story, and one
that appeals all the more strongly to
enlightened sympathy because of the
strange, weird truth that it depicts in
the name of civilization, is told In the
current number of McClure's Magazine
under the title" "A Paternal Govern
ment." As a side light upon the educa
tional policy pursued by the Govern
ment toward the Indians of the reser
vations, and as a subtle arraignment of
the Indifference to his trust of the aver
age Indian agent, the story is one of
strength and power, while the hideous
effects of the irresponsibility and degra
dation of the "squaw man" Is strongly
portrayed.
The story Is one of a white man who,
seeking to escape the consequences of a
gambling episode, found refuge among
the Indians upon a Dakota reservation.
With an eye to the possible 500 acres
that would be her dower from the Gov
ernment when the reservation should
be thrown open to settlement, he be
came the husband of Weuto, an Indian
woman neither young nor handsome;
that is to say, he took up his abode in
her tepee and ate of the rations pro
vided by the Government, intending to
go out Into the world again when "the
thing had blown over," as he expressed
it. "What," asks the author, "is the
nameless influence which the Indians
exert over the white man who lives
among them? He may dream of re
turning to his own again, but he never
will. The slothful life, the absence of
responsibility, the squalid surroundings,
benumb his energies." A significant
question interwoven with our Indian
problem is asked and answered in the
above quotation. More briefly It may
be said the white man thus situated
loses his self-respect, and without this
he degenerates Into a creature lower
than the savages.
However, when this man was called
upon to welcome to the smoke-stained
tepee that he called home a tiny red
papoose, he realized dimly that his own
was not the only life he had ruined,
and a little later his Indian wife found
his body out on the prairie, an empty
revolver in his hand a coward to the
last, leaving his misdeeds to bear their
full fruitage in the blasted life of the
little daughter "nearly white, who was
his exact image." Here the Government
policy came In. Little Emily was taken
to the Government school, trained in
neatness and delicate ways and tastes
and given a literary education. Her
mother, grown more repulsive with the
passing years, had taken another hus
band one of her own race this time to
her tepee, and the grimy, malodorous
dwelling swarmed with juvenile life and
reeked with filth, though Government
rations still kept hunger at bay and
coaxed the savages within to boundless
content. Gaunt wolf-hounds shared the
shelter with the human animals, and,
unnoticed by the Government "farmer,"
the Implements of agriculture provided
as adjuncts to the Indian's training in
ways of civilized life rusted outside the
tepee. Such was the "home" to which
the girl, Emily, -was returned after
fourt-cn years spent at the Government
school, the theory being that she could
and would transform It Into a civilized
home. Her appeal to the resident In
dian agent to save her from this loath
some fate by finding her employment
among white people was vain. Imbued
with the idea that "to be half Indian
is to be all Indian and wholly without
sensibility," this representative of pa
ternalism In a free Government said:
"Go back to your people, of course;
that's what we've educated you for.
Teach the confounded red devils to
clean up once In a while."
After an interval of respite through
unpaid service In the agent's family, in
which a white man figured briefly as a
lover, only to cast her off because of a
sneer at her origin, the delicate, sensi
tive girl developed symptoms of con
sumption, and, fearing contagion for
the agent's children, who were her es
pecial charge, she was hurried with her
few belongings back to the wretched
tepee In which she had been born
eighteen years before The horror of
this homecoming is depicted. Its pathos
affects the reader painfully, and Its ten
sion is relieved enly when the "loath
some food and the unspeakable sur
roundings" had done their work and the
"long-drawn, mournful wall" with
which the Indian announces from afar
a death in his family arose from the
tepee and Emily heard it not.
Cruel beyond all conception Is this
phase of our Indian policy. The off
spring of a theoretical philanthropy, its
victims are among the most hopeless of
all human creatures. The task set for
them no human being can accomplish
that of turning Into civilized homes
the tepees of their squalid, contented,
lazy, filthy progenitors the "blanket
Indians" who have stood still while the
Government has advanced a few of
their children in ways of neatness, or
der, thrift and learning, and who dog
gedly prefer the old life to the new
and persistently adhere to its customs.,
In the very nature of things the battle
is a short one. and mercifully so. The
seeds of consumption sown in the con
fined air of the new surroundings at
school quickly germinate and are
brought to full fruition in a short time
after the hopeless, heartbreaking return
to the parental tepee, or, if physical
conditions are strong enough to resist
this blight of civilization, the young
Indian woman, educated to reform her
people, is speedily overcome by her old
new environment and lapses again Into
the ways of her people.
The annual tale of suffering comes
from Oklahoma, matching In some re
spects the story of wind-swept desola
tion and hardship that is told year
after year concerning the fisher folk
of Labrador. Settlers in the newer sec
tions of this territory, especially those
In moving wagons, of whom, accord
ing to a late 'dispatch from Guthrie,
there are hundreds, are suffering the
sharp pinch of homeless wretchedness
In a merciless midwinter climate.
Utterly lacking in judgment, lacking. In
deed, in ordinary common sense, are
people who so gauge their migration
period as to be caught at this season
of the year unhoused. Much has been
said of the desirability of Oklahoma for
homes. The fruitfulness of Us soli, the
charm of its scenery, the purity of its
air, have been justly extolled. But no
one has ventured to speak of Its climate
as mild in Winter, or of its sharp east
winds as balmy breezes. The rigors of
its climate are, on the contrary, well
known, and why any man responsible
for the comfort and even the lives of
his family should allow himself to be
caught out in it with only the canvas
cover of his wagons for protection from
Its bitter blasts posses the comprehen
sion of the prudent, even as the suffer
ing induced by this condition enlists
the pity of the pitiful. Sturdy, purpose
ful, energetic citizenship is not made of
such material as this. It simply repre
sents the human flotsam and jetsam
found everywhere upon the sea of life
the overflow, so to speak, of civilization
that drifts hither and thither aimlessly,
seeking anchorage but never casting
anchor for long. Such people are many
degrees removed from the criminal
class; their sins are mainly those of
omission, and they are directed chiefly
against themselves and their families.
ITALY'S METHOD.
The Italian Government has taken a
decided stand preventive instead of
remedial In regard to the threatened
railway strike upen all the great roads
of the kingdom. The Cabinet announces
that It cannot consider a railway strike,
affecting, as It does, great public inter
ests. In the same category with a strike
of ordinary workers, but will class such
action as a strike of public servants,
punishable under the penal code. While,
however, determined not to allow a rail
way strike, it recognizes the right of
the working classes to improve their
own condition, and therefore the Gov
ernment has approached the railway
companies with a view of obtaining de
sired and reasonable concessions, which
it is confident it can do. This can be
done, probably. In Italy, but what a
popular fury would arise should the
Gpvernment of the United States at
tempt by similar methods to preventa
railroad strike! To be sure, after such
a strike is on. and with insane fury
increasing by what it feeds upon in the
way of clamor and resentment, ties up
traffic, prostrates business, applies the
torch to railroad property and stones
men who attempt to move trains, the
people welcome Government interfer
ence with joy. We have only to recall
the great railway strike during Presi
dent Cleveland's administration to
prove this and to laud the courage of
the man who, in the face of the insane
clamor of demagogues of the state's
rights school, took disorder bj the
throat and quelled it with the power of
the United States Government. If pre
vention Is better than cure, is not the
Italian plan better than the American?
Since, in a strike of this kind, the Gov
ernment must eventually interfere to
save the business interests of the coun
try from stagnation, which in this age
means ruin, would it not be the part of
wisdom to Interpose peacefully before
the damage Is done? Tolerant people
may ask this question, but the force
called "public opinion" will shout it
down in the namo of liberty, even
though it is practically certain that
when lawlessness reaches an acute
stage the Government will have to step
in and compel order.
Mr. James Neill Is a deservedly popu
lar actor, but his resentment over the
so-called "personal Indignity and low,
coarse buffoonery" to which he was sub
jected during the opening, scene of his
attempted initiation into the order of
"Elks" at Spokane will only make the
public laugh and wonder what Mr.
Neill expected at the hands of the
"Elks." Did he expect a ritual and
ceremonial like that of the Rechabites
from a society of quick comedians of
all sorts and shapes? Mr. Neill says he
received "an insulting blow " from a
stuffed club." Such a blow was no more
to be taken seriously than If he had
received a blow from a sword of lath
on the stage. The initiation ceremony,
of course, might naturally be expected
to include some stage horseplay, such
as we see often presented by an Ethio
pian minstrel show. Mr. Neill lacks
good sense and good humor. He lacks
good sense in expecting any other
treatment than he received at the hands
of an order that is nothing when it is
not a broad Joker and a humorist;
and he lacks good humor In talking
about his offended dignity after he had
assumed to lay it aside by agreeing to
join an order that was sure to play a
roaring farce rather than high tragedy.
A man can't part with his dignity and
keep it, too.
What is Portland going to do for fuel?
Cordwood and slabwood men are In
combination more or less close, and
prices grow stiffer and stift'er, while
quality does not Improve. Coal is
brought from afar. Still it is plain that
an abundance of good coal may be
mined within 100 miles of Portland.
.Why is nothing done to get this coal on
the eager market, or why is progress so
slow?
President Roosevelt will do well to
study the histoiy of Presidential efforts
to affect the policy of Congress by ex
hibitions of an irritated mind. Another
President a good man, too, weighing
something more than 300 pounds ence
attempted this sort of thing and in con
sequence soon found a "Congress on his
hands."
Governor McBrlde's call-down of the
State Capitol contractor at Olympia
yesterday in connection with his dis
missal of the Columbia River Pilot
Commissioners the previous day, is
likely to set things a-moving over in
Washington. The new Governor Is evi
dently a believer In the strenuous life.
Possibly there would be more general
willingness to pay assessments for
street work if there were better assur
ance that the work would be done in a
way to be permanent. Nobody cares to
yield up his good money for the im
provement of some street contractor's
bank account.
Tillman Is right for once. It was
somebody's business long ago to kick
"Judge" Noyes out of the Government
service and to wipe his name from the
payroll. And it stilt remains somebody's
business.
Do you Intend to have anything to do
with a primary or with an election this
year? You will not have anything to
do with either unless you register.
KEEPING THE INDIAN DOWN.
Butte Miner.
It Is not an uncommon thing to hear
people declare that the Indians of the
West cannot be civilized. . This distinc
tion between the red men of the East and
West is probably made for the reason
that many of the descendants of the tribes
who In early days roamed the forests
aiong tho Atlantic shore and further in
land are now prosperous farmers in that
region. There Is no doubt that there is a
vast difference in Indians, and some trlbos
have proved themselves more Intelligent
than others. Take, for instnnce, the Six
Nations that the early colonists in this
country had so much trouble with. His
tory teaches that In comparison with many
of the red men r.ow in the West, they
were a very superior race. They were, as
a rule, endowed with great personal cour
age, and experience has taught that those
aboriginal tribes distinguished for their
bravery have usually been noted for their
morality. That is to say, morality along
sexual lines. The Indians who have been
lax in this particular have either died out
or are rapidly disappearing as tribes.
It is probably true, however, that the
majority of people in the far West believe
that the attempts to civilize these Indians
that are left In this region has proved
more of a failure than a success. Stories
are told of Indians who have been sent to
the schools provided for their race by the
Government In the East, returning to their
tribes fairly well educated, only to Imme
diately adopt the old nomadic life and to
don the blanket In preference to the cloth
ing of civilization. That statement has
been so often published and repeated that
no doubt most people believe It to be true
of all Indians living upon reservations to
day. Like most broad, sweeping state
ments, this one Is open to question.
It is a libel on the Indian to say that
he is impervious to all the iniluences of
civilization. He has readily adopted the
drinks of enlightenment. There Is evi
dence to show that, as a rule, the Indian
Is willing to admit that the whisky the
white man makes Is superior to anything
in the drinking line that the Indian has
ever produced. That is a concession to
civilization of itself, and indicates that
the most Ignorant savage feels that a civ
ilization that can produce alcoholic drinks
is superior, in that particular, at least, to
his own.
Every once in a while the world Is
startled to learn that the Indians have
taken up some additional custom of their
Christian neighbors. The Indian Is in a
large degree Imitative, although not to
the same extent that the Japanese have
this faculty developed. Still, according to
their. light, some of the red men are mak
ing a noble effort to swing onto the coat
tail of civilization. For Instance, the
Miner yesterday morning published a dis
patch from Guthrie, O. T., telling how a
number of Shawnee Indians attempted to
punish a member of their tribe along the
lines of their Christian white neighbors.
The culprit, it is said, had outraged three
squaws, and his red brothers tied the
wretch to a stake and had started in tor
turing him, and were about to burn him
when a United States Marshal happened
along and rescued the alleged brute.
It must be discouraging to the Shawnee
Indians to have an officer of the law step
in and prevent the-m from punishing a
member of their tribe along the lines
adopted by their civilized and Christian
white brothers. Such action on the part
of the official is enough to make the In
dians feel like resuming their old barbaric
state and' customs. It would seem that
when they try to reach the standard of
the white man. the law steps in. and
thrusts them back Into the unenlightened
atmosphere of their past.
Mr. Mason Has nn Oran.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
The bitter, persistent, and sometimes
unscrupulous enemies of the Hon. Will
iam E. Mason, junior United States Sen
ator from Illinois, have been foiled in
their attempt to deprive him of an or
gan, as may be inferred from the follow
ing circular, which hns been sent through
the malls to thousands of voters down the
state:
Dear Sir: We have the honor and pleasure
to Inform you that the Hon. William E. Ma
son. United States Senateor for Illinois. ha3
Instructed u to mall you Boyce's Monthly for
one year, for which he has paid us In advance
for the same. Hoping you may find our pub
lication Interesting and that Its receipt each
month will call to mind our Senator, we are
respectfully. BOYCE'S MONTHLY.
It Is no reflection upon the character
or influence of the publication named to
presume that If the junior Senator could
have found in Illinois a daily, a triweekly,
a semi-weekly, a weekly, or a fortnlghtiy
publication willing to espouse his cause,
he would not have chosen a monthly. But
it Is nevertheless fortunate for him that
his enemies overlooked the monthlies in
their desperate efforts to deny him a
hearing, otherwise he might have been
compelled to carry on his campaign for
re-election through the medium of an an
nual, perhaps an almanac.
Indeed, he ought to thank his stars that
Mr. Boyce .had the foresight some yeans
ago to found a monthly periodical devoted
to agriculture, horticulture, floriculture,
the domestic virtues, social economics,
the sciences, fine arts, and current fiction.
If there were no Boyce's Monthly now
thero would be absolutely nothing of a
printed nature in this great state which
might be transmitted through the malls
for the purpose of reminding the rural
voter that the Hon. William E. Mason
was still on earth.
Tnxes In European Cities.
Letter In Chicago Record-Herald.
People In the United States who are
grumbling about high taxes should find
much consolation In the knowledge that
their property is not situated In any of
the European capitals. In Berlin, for ex
ample, the great American life insurance
companies are required to invest a cer
tain portion of their assets in city prop
erty, and their taxes, which are no high
er than those of other real estate owners,
amount annually to more than one-third
of their receipts from rentals. In Vienna
taxes are even higher. The man who
owns the building In which the Ameri
can Legation is located divides the rent
with the government In equal shares.
The same rates prevail in other large
Enronean cities. In addition to this.
the building regulations are rigid, and
mako construction very expensive, and
every structure must be fireproof, with
stone staircases to the top floor, double
walls, floors and roofs of steel, and terra
cotta. The front must correspond with
the adjoining buildings in height and
architectural treatment. A poor man
cannot build a home In any of the Euro
pean cities. He must go into the sub
urbs. Hence most of the ground owned
by individuals Is leased to building com
panies and capitalists.
c
Wlint to Rend, and "Why.
Boston Globe.
In a recent sermon Rev. Dr. MInot J.
Savage, talking on "What to Read, and
Why," asserts that every man ought to
read some newspaper every day. "Hero,"
he says, "is the making of history go
ing on, the making of our contemporary
humanity, the great questions of war
and peace, of government, of sociology,
of Industry; of matters of importance on
every hand, and you need to keep In
touch with them; you need to know what
is going on."
Some people seem to imagine that his
tory Is a sort of spontaneous growth that
Is only harvested in books. They, there
fore, think to consume it only after it is
"baled up" and put on the book market.
The cream of history is caught "on the
fly.' It Is gathered in the dally news
paper, which most undeniably teaches the
reader to have a "mind of his own."
Books are great conformists. They gen
erally tell the same stcry, and we are apt
to swallow all they say whole. The
newspaper gets the best news available
and leaves come margin for the sense of
the reader. It Is, therefore, a better
mental disciplinarian than the average
book.
POINT HARRIMAX MISSED.
1
Chicago Record-Herald.
During the long and searching examina
tion of E. H. Harrlman by the Interstate
Commerce Commission, Commissioner
Prouty touched upon the question of con
solidation and rates, and asked: "How
about rates on cotton to Japan? If the
Southern Pacific and the Northern Pacific
were owned by Mr. Hill do you think the
cotton rates to Japan would be the same
as now?" To this Mr. Harrlman replied:
"I believe that If all the railroads In the
country were owned by Mr. Hill or any
one man the shipper would get cheaper
rates than now, because the railroads
could then take full advantage of existing
conditions such as the distribution and
handling of empties."
It is evident that when he made this
answer the purpose of. the witness was to
emphasize the great value of the centrali
zation of power as a means both of econ
omy and effectiveness, and within the
limits of this single Idea he was probably
sincere. It Is admitted generally that
combination does tend toward economy
and effectiveness in all lines of business.
But there are other aspects of the case
which Indicate another tendency, and one
that our astute jugglers with millions
seem to overlook. Could any one man be
trusted with such power as is imagined
for Mr. Hill? Mr. Harrlman says that
Mr. Hill would reduce rates. Perhaps so,
but should It be left to the option of any
one man to decide such a question for
eighty millions of people?
The best of fallible mortals is not equal
to such a position of irresponsible trust,
and Mr. Harrlman's testimony shows
that the juggling game Is hardly the
school In which to train the best. Look,
for example, at the story of the fight over
the Northern Pacific. The Oregon Short
Line, capitalized at J2S.000.COO. borrowed
JTS.OOO.OOO for the Union Pacific that is.
Mr. Harrlman. representing the con
trolling Interest In both roads, carried
through this astonishing deal. The seventy-eight
pillllons were used In purchas
ing Northern Pacific stock. Why? Not
to prevent competition, but just to make
sure that a friendly Interest would be in
control of Northern Pacific. With this
assurance the stock was sold again, and
the upshot of the whole matter was that
Mr. Harrlman had learned of Mr. Hill's
friendliness .and had developed the fact
that Union Pacific was strong enough to
protect its own Interests. Moreover, as a
memento of the friendly moves and coun
ter moves which must have wrecked
many a small player at the great game
of stock speculation, there Is a fine new
lot of paper on the market for future
manipulation.
There is a waste as well as a gain In
such operations, and they do not inspire
confidence In the design of the promoters,
who will hardly stand the waste them
selves and give the gain to the public. But
the object lesson in the possibilities of
centralization remains with the Northern
Pacific, Great Northern, Burlington,
Union Pacific. Oregon Short Line and
Southern Pacific coming close to a mon
opoly of the passes Into the Pacific Coast
states, and the public may wonder why
It should not have the power to maktS
Wholly public what Is quasi public and de
pendent upon public grants for Its exist
ence. In that case there would be no fur
ther mystery about stocks or rates, and
though the notion seems like a dream, it
Is unquestionably a common dream which
these combinations are everywhere in
voking. Step Toward Pacification.
Chicago Record-Herald.
Governor Taft's Chicago interviews give
a pretty accurate Idea of the policies that
he will urge upon Congress. He approves
not only of a reduction In the tariff on
Philippines goods coming to this coun
try, but of a greater reduction than the
one proposed by the Senate committee.
He would mako the rates 30 per cent In
stead of 73 per cent of the Dlngley rates.
This Is a specific recommendation which
reflects the general spirit of his mission.
"I have found," he said, "that the Fili
pino Is much like any other nan in one
respect fair treatment will have Its ef
fect upon him, and we are seeking to show
him that the only qualification required of
him in order that he may receive the most
liberal usage is loyalty and good citizen
ship." Proceeding along the lines of liberal
usage', another duty of Congress is to pass
a Philippines government bill which shall
do away with invidious distinctions.
Porto Rico, another of the acquisitions
from Spain, now has a government which
Is an approximation toward our territorial
governments. But reliable" testimony
seems to show that the Filipino Is not In
ferior to the Porto Rlcan and that he Is
quite as much entitled to the experiment
of a local legislature. Our liberality will
bo gauged by our own precedents, which
determine In a measure what fair treat
ment Is.
The one excuse for the delays of the
Government In forming a constructive pol
icy is the existence of the rebellion, and
that has now reached such a pass that
further delays are neither just nor ex
pedient. A majority of the inhabitants
are at peace, and the hostile minority may
be dealt with effectively under the moro
liberal regime. That would not compel
the withdrawal of troops or the abandon
ment of military' operations. And while
it could develop no new danqers. it would
be a sign of good faith that would seal the
friendship of the well-disposed and make
friends among the insurgents.
If the Governor can persuade Congress
to his way of thinking, a long step will
have been taken toward the complete
pacification of the islands.
Two Views Rcffnrillngr Cuba.
Kansas City Star.
In his letter on the Cuban situation Mr.
Cleveland elevates the whole discussion
above the purely materialistic plane. The
subject, he says, involves considerations
of morality and conscience. The United
States has practically pledged Itself to
the world to restore prosperity to the isl
and. When war was declared Congress
justified its course to Europe by asserting
its purpose to redeem Cuba from condi
tions that had become intolerable. The
pledge will not be fulfilled If this Gov
ernment allows the island to be ruined by
shutting Its ports to Cuban products.
This letter of Mr. Cleveland's affords an
Interesting contrast to the statement of
Mr. Oxnard. representative of the beet
sugar interests. Of one of the measures
of relief proposed he said: "Wo have as
sented to nothing. We claim thero Is no
necessity for action. We stand where we
have stood from the beginning." In other
words, the protected interests have the
upper hand, and they propose to keep it.
They will be moved by no considerations
of National honor or sentiment. The Cu
bans may go hang for all Mr. Oxnard
cares. Financial considerations are all he
sees. He considers himself dictator. The
appeals of the President, the Secretary of
War, of the Governor-General of Cuba,
have no weight with Oxnard.
Thcsa two leading figures in the contro
versy may well be put side by side. On
the one hand Is Mr. Cleveland, declaring
that every consideration of morality and
Natioi al honor demands action. On the
other is Oxnard, the dictator, asserting
that he will not allow the Government to
reduce the tribute It pays him, no matter
what the consequences to Cuba or to Na
tional honor.
One of Hepburn's Balls.
Kansas City Journal.
Congressman Hepburn, of Iowa, has de
veloped an unfortunate but laughable fac
ulty of making bulls, which, of course,
never apear In the Congressional Record.
While drafting the Nicaragua Canal bill
he spoke of "wafting the sailing vesse!s
that desired to cross the continent." A
roar of laughter greeted the remark, to be
renewed when some one suggested that
"the gentleman from Iowa had prairie
schooners in mind."
NOTE AND COMMENT.
One pussy willow does not make it safa
to stop ordering coal.
There Is quiet in South America. Tha
wires must be down.
Actor Neill showed his teeth before n&
had the right to wear them.
The fiyless airship is not one of the
things science Is striving after just now.
Still, there will be consolation for the
Indian in the' prevailing neckscarf pat
terns. The Japanese are studying the art of
brewing. Is it their intention to brew
more trouble for China? '
Mr. Schwab's lecture on success does
not include any reference to his little
experience at Monte Carlo.
Perhaps the Kaiser sent Prince Henry
over here to see if the Hohenzollern style
of strenuous life is the real thing.
Hon. Wu Ting Fang has succeeded In
arousing the antipathy of organized labor.
rHe is not as smooth a politician as he
thought he was.
Every once In a while a man learns that
he cannot successfully thaw dynamite in
a stove. But the s.tir.e man never needs
to learn it twice.
The ground hog was still loafing around
the office when we went to press. We
shall withhold our favor, however, until
he dashes off that poem.
Grover Cleveland talks about the "af
flictive visitations" to the Democratic
party. Of course, he doesn't mean that
any of them, came from the direction of
Lincoln, Neb.
Edouard de Rcszke is telling a story
which is partly at the expense of himself
and brother, Jean, and partly at the ex
pense of an American, who. m a Paris
hotel, poundedn the partition wall with
shovel and tongs to make them stop sing
ing, and finally entered a complaint. When
he learned the names of "those bellowing
fellows" he was deeply chagrined. "And
to think," he said, "that I've paid almost
any price over in America just to hear
those fellows sing."
An impecunious representative from a
Western State met five friends on tho
street, relates a Washington correspond
ent. "Come in and have a drink," ho
said. They went into the newest and
most elaborate cafe in the city. Each o
the five friends took a Scotch highball
of the kind that co&t 23 cents each. Tho
impecunious Representative took a glass
of beer. "What's that you're drinking,
Jim?" asked one of the friends. "That,"
said the Representative, as he nervously
fingered the check calling for Jt 35 and
held up the glass of beer so all could see
it, "Is a lesson in deportment."
Attorney-General Knox, while practic
ing in Pittsburg, was one of the busiest
lawyers in America. A few years ago ho
was much put out because he had to ac
cept a fee of $50,0CO. A friend met him as
he was leaving the office. Knox was
swearing mad. "What's It all about this
time?" asked the friend. "I have been
knocked out of a trip to Egypt. My folks
wanted me to make an argument in a
case, and I told them I could not be here.
They told me to fix my price, and I said
$50,000; thinking that would put them out
of the notion. It did not. They took me
up, and my plans are all upset."
A tablet to the memory of Anneke Jans,
"wife of Rev. Everardus Bogardus, and
the most famous woman in New Amster
dam, 1C39," has been sunk into the wall
of No. 23 Whitehall street, New York
City, a tremendous red brick building,
which occupies the site of her humble
home and its surrounding gardens." This
Is the pious work of Knickerbocker Chap
ter of the Daughters of the American
Revolution. As for Anneke, her later
fame comes from the fact that heirs of
her body have been turning up ever slnco
the 19th century was young to get a slice
of the property of Trinity Church.
An Englishman and the Idaho Girls.
San Francisco Argonaut.
When coon songs were all the rage in
London, Leslie Stuart, the composer of tho
music of "Florodora," decided to try his
talent in composing ragtime music for
the London music halls.
"I soon mastered the now time to ray
own satisfaction." said Mr. Stuart, tho
other day, "but I was all at sea on titles
and subjects for my first song. I secured
a map of the United States and found
that Idaho was by far the best rhyming
state, so In a few dayd 'My Girl From
Idaho" was ready to be sung. I sent it to
a popular singer in the music halls, and
the audience that heard It first seemed to
like It.
"The next day the following message
was sent to tho theater and later turned
over to me. It was signed 'An Idaho
American and read: 'You blasted Eng
lishman, don't you know there ibn't a
coon in all the State of Idaho? But thero
are girls in Idaho. They can't shuffle
their feet; they can't all sing. But they
can shoot, and, gracious, how they'd like
to have you for a target V "
PLEASANTRIES OF r.UtAGRArilEUS
Tom Don't you consider Hiss Kaync rather
dull? Dick Well, after the way bhe cut me I
can't say that I do. San Francisco Chronicle.
"Speaking of the tool trust." remarked tho
observer of events and things. "Croker thinks
ho can trust Nixon while he's away." Yonk
ers Statesman.
At Larchmont. Amy How did Ada like tho
ynchtlng trip? Blanche She was quit 111,
but she boro up wonderfully. She knows what
everybody wore. Judge.
Entitled to Praise. "Flirting." said tho
mother, severely, "is dangerous." "In that
case." replied the daughter, "I should think
you would be proud of my courage." Chicago
Evening Post.
Idle, but Proud. "My friend, you don't seem
to be doing anything. Would you like the job
of cleaning the snow off these sidewalks'" "I?
Clean snow? Sacr-r-re! I am a chaffeur!"
Chicago Tribune.
Shattered Hope. "Maude's new automobilo
coat Is an awful disappointment to her."
"What's the matter with It?" "Why. it doesn't
mako people stare at her a bit!" Philadelphia
Evening Bulletin.
Sincerity. Clerk I would like to get oft ear
ly, sir. as my wife wants mo to do some odd
Jobs around the house while It is li?ht enough.
Manager Can't possible do It. Clerk Thank
you. sir. You are very klml. Puck.
On the Train. Budklns Where are'you living
now? BUger Living! I'm dodging, falling
into holes, being run ov;r. twisting and turn
ing, falling off and hanging on, being steamed
and banced and tossed in the air. "In New
York, eh?" Life.
Progressing. "How are you getting on with
your new house. Maude?" "Oh! just splendid.
Harry Is letting me relcct all the colors for tho
parlor, drawing-room, dining-room and bed
rooms, and after he gets some money he's going
to see somebody about building It!" Baltimore
Xews.
A Xews Average. Hurtling Editor How
many murders did that man commit? As
sistantOne reporter says three, another ray3
Ave. and another says nine. Hustling Editor
Three, five. nln eh? Oh. well. we"ll have
to strike an average. Make It 330. Xew York
Weekly.
Commercialism "I suppose you have to bo
very diplomatic in approaching members of
your Legislature with offers of money." "Yes.
indeed." said Senator Sorghum. "If you don't
look sharp, they'll charge you three or four
times as much as they are worth." Washing
ton Star.
)