FTR MOKNIKG- OREGONIAN, MONDAY, MAHCH 5, IflOO.
POLITICS MIXED IN
Bitterness, if Not Crookedness,
in Nez Perces County.
UNWARRANTED FINANCIAL STATUS
History o tlic Proceedings Tliat
Brought Inventifrntion, and tlic
Kciulta of It to Date.
LEWISTON, Idaho, March 4. During
the campaign in 1SS, tho Republicans
made charges of misappropriations of the
puo.ic moneys by previous county olfl
oak, and the data for the charges was
supplied from the records of the county.
Tiiere w as also the promise of the Repub
lican nominee for Clerk of the District
Court and ex-offlcio Auditor and Recorder
that he would, if elected, run that office
for J3O00 per year less than it was then
costing tne county. This was counted
a good campaign argument, whether there
was any truth in the charges or not,
and the result of a hot and bitter light
was the defeat of the entire Democratic
ticket.
In the years from 1891 to 1S95 the office
of District Clerk was held by H. K. Bar
re tt, a Republican, and he was succeeded
in 1S55 by S. O. Tar.nahill, a Democrat,
who held the office from that time to 1S99.
Tannahill had just then completed a two
gears' term of office as Assessor and ex-
ollle.o Tax Collector, in the years 1S33 and
13!, and was a very popular young man.
The office of County Treasurer from 1S31
to 1S&5 was held by D. S. Dent, a Demo
crat, and from 185 to 1S99 by J. B. Mor-j-f,
aso a Democrat- The other offices
were held sometimes by Democrats and
come times by Republicans, but for the
moct part county affairs weje adminis
tered by Democrats.
After the new regime in 1S99 took offl
c al charge of the county's affairs com
r aints became frequent from outside par
tics who had furnished supplies or ren
dered services to the county, but who
fa..cd for some reason to receive the
w-rrants drawn for their claims as al
lowed by the Board of County Commls-
.oners and upon an investigation it was
l.srovered that the warrants had been
drawn and put into circulation. Other per
sons who had redeemed their lands which
S.ad been sold for taxes and of which the
county had become the purchaser, or who
had sent to or left money with some of
the former officials for the purpose of reel---
ng their lands, upon inquiring if
the same had been done were Invariably
tirswcrcd that such tax sales had not
ro-en cancelled. From these circumstances
euspicions ofa graver nature were aroused,
and, in deference to public sentiment and
the wishes of the present officials, who
d.d not feel that they had the time or
necessary and particular qualifications to
make an accurate and thorough investi
gation, it was determined to employ some
competent person, and an entire stranger,
to make an investigation, which was done;
and tha accountant so employed began
work September 16, 1S99.
The first report of the expert was sub
mitted at the January meeting of the
County Commissioners, and dealt with ail
records pertaining to the issuance of war
rants from statehood to January 10, 1S99,
a period of eight years. The report charged
many irregularities, gross carelessness and
incompetency and in a number of in
stances "fraud."
The first result of the expert's report
was rather sensational. When S. O. Tan
nahill, the ex-Auditor, was arrested on a
charge of forging a county warrant, which
was only one of a number charged as
fraudulent, he made no defense before
the. examining magistrate, but gave bonds
for his appearance before the District
Court. Civil actions were begun against
Doth ex-Auditors, H. Iv. Barnett and S.
O. Tannahill, and that, together with the
arrest of Tannahill, has occasioned a good
deal of political bitterness on the part of
their Immediate friends.
The second result of the expert's labors
was a statement showing tho amount of
outstanding warrant indebtedness of the
courty at face on January 10, 1899, the day
on which the new administration took
charge. In November, 1S95, the counts
took up all outstanding warrants by an
exchange of bonds to the amount of ?So,
009, but there had accumulated after that
time an additional net debt in outstand
ing warrants amounting to $69,000. or a
deficit at the rate of about $22,000 per
Sear.
It has been charged by Mr. Tannahill
that he is being persecuted for "political
reasons." but at about the time he was
arrested the State of Idaho Instituted pro
ceedings against him in Boise to recover
1125 of stenographers' fees, which. It al
leges, is due, and that he collected and
r.cglccted to turn over. The administra
tion of the state being Democratic, it is
rot plain to the taxpayers why he should
r.ot -nclude that action in his charge of
"persecution for political reasons."
As a result of the bitterness stirred up
by the institution of the suits, both civil
and criminal, against the officials and a
strife that exists between the Board of
County Commissioners and the Prosecut
ing Attorney, the present County Treas
urer. C. A. Hastings, was arrested under
an old law in Idaho that requires every
custodian of public funds to segregate the
money as a special deposit whenever a
bank is used as a depository. In other
words, public funds in Idaho cannot be
placed in a bank and mixed with tho
bank's money. They must be kept sepa
rate, and, therefore, under a strict inter
pretation of the law, cannot be checked
ngainrt in the ordinary way. It is doubt
ful if in the whole State of Idaho there is
c.e public official who lives up to the
letter of tho law regarding special de
posits. The law is evidently intended to
protect public money in the event of a
Lank failure, for a special deposit could
r.ot be classed as one of the bank's as
sets when it had been properly segre
gated from the use of the bank.
That the law is peculiar and unusual
"there Is not the slightest doubt It would
be manifestly impossible for a public of
ficial to find a bank that would accept a
special deposit without being paid for the
service. The Dank that is usually chosen
cs a depositor' takes upon itself the
duty of finding -sureties for a public of
ficial, looking to the use of the money for
compensation. It was under this peculiar
law that Treasurer Hastings was arrested.
Ho was discharged for want of prosecu
tor, and yet there was a certain infor
mality about it all that showed an utter
disregard of criminal procedure. There
was one Treasurer of Nez Perces County
who lived up to the letter of the law. His
name was P. M. Davis, and he got alonj:
without the -banks. He kept the money in
a safe and was his own cashier.
The other County Treasurers in this
judicial district keep their money in safes
provided by the count, and do not trust
to the banks. They keep their money at
a. very low figure by redeeming warrants
as fast as possible.
REAL IXDIAX LOVE STORY.
Told In Two Frank Letters hy the
Duslcy Svnin.
Lewiston Tribune.
A Lewiston citizen, who occupies the
position of Advisor for several Nez Perces
Indians, has received two interesting let
ters. They were written by a young
Indian and unfold a love story. The story
is told in two chapters by quoting the
two letters, as follows:
CHAPTER I.
"Lapwai. Feb. IS, 1900. Dear Sir H.:
I thought I would write to you this after
noon. I let you know about my trouble.
I am very sorry about Cora. She got
another boy. She got letter from him
ever" month and so I am very sorry. I
thought she love me, but she ain't. She
love another boy and so I let her go let
sho have that boy. That's all. Yours
respectfully, .
CHAPTER IL
"Lapwai, Idaho. Feb. 21, 1900. Sir H.:
I thought I would write a few drops to
say that I am well and also Cora. I
just get back from Oro Fino on a train.
I spend a few weeks up there to visit
my folks. We arc alright, me and Cora,
and so I will ask you about get married.
Cora she willing to get married by In
dian preacher. I have no time do going
down Lewiston and so I write to you this
afternoon. I think that's all. Yours
truly friend,
The Lewiston Advisor. Immediately
after the receipt of the last letter, sent
p marriage license to the voung Indian.
The sequel is yet to be written.
KANSAS CITY DOG SHOW.
There Will Be COO Exhibit and $25,
OOO in Cash Prize.
KANSAS CITY. Mo.. March -L Tho
Kansas City Kennel Club's third annual
dog show, which is scheduled for Conven
tion Hall from March 14 to 17, promises
to be tho best ever held In the Central
West, as it follows the Chicago show.
This assures a large entry list, and the
bench show committee expects that about
500 dogs will be in competition. The pre
miums aggregate about 500. in cash, ex
clusive of the usual special club medals
and cups. The Great Dane Club, the Bos
ton Terrier Club, the American Fox Ter
rier Club, the Collie Club of America and
the American Spaniel Club all offer the
usual trophies given at the grand circuit,
and Frank J. Gould, W. R. Nelson and
other fanciers of national reputation also,
offer valuable cups in various classes. The
entries will close on March 7, and many
nominations are already coming in.
Ironls-rllle JoeJcey Club.
LOUISVILLE, Ky., March 4. The time
In which final payments must be made for
the three blgSpring stakes o" thj Louisvi le
Jockey Club has just expired. The fol
lowing list of cligiblcs is announced:
The Kentucky Derby. $S0G0. a mile and a
quarter Admiral Schley, Thrive, Prince
Wllhelm, Dlendonne, Flaunt, Oronfas,
Hindus, Stets, Waldeck, Soldan, His Ex
cellency, Benadier, Colonel Strathy, F.
W. Brode, Sam Phillips, Greenock, Lieu
tenant Gibson, Dr. Amburg, Star Bright,
Highland Lad, Florizar, Caviar.
The Clark stakes, S4000, mile and an
eighth King Dellls, Thrive, Stets, Admi
ral Schley, Diendonne, Flaunt, Orontas.
Hindus. Sam Phillips. Waldeck, Soldan,
Benadier, F. W. Brode, Greenock, Lieu
tenant Gibson, Dr. Amburg, Highland
Lad, Florizar, Mac Flecknoe, Caviar.
The Kentucky Oaks, $2000, mile and a
sixteenth Nena, Anna Bain, Scarlet Lilly,
Lady Elite, Elsie Venner, Shrove, Tues
day. Miss Dode, Drucilla, Honeywood.
Elizabeth Klein, Tigris, Reseda, Anthra
cite, Lady Massey, Etta, Colgate. Unsight
ly, Nettie Regent, Villa IV, Cleora, Royal.
Boxers and "Wrestlers In 'Frl.sco.
SAN FRANCISCO, March 4. The cham
pion Eastern boxers and wrestlers who
are to participate in the amateur tourna
ment given under the auspices of the
Olympla Club, of this city, arrived from
New York today. The party Includes six
'boxers and four wrestlers. The tourna
ment will begin Tuesday night and con
tinue during the week. Jack Kitchen, of
the Reliance Athletic Club, of Oakland,
has been chosen as referee.
SWEDEN'S METHODS.
She Is Sufficient Tnto Herself In Her
Merchant Marine Service.
New York Press.
Sweden evidently believes in the old
saying, "Every tub should stand on its
own bottom." Owing to Sweden's geo
graphical position almost all articles of
interchange with foreign countries aro
conveyed by sea. Fifty-two per cent of
the Imports in value is carried in Swedish
ships, and of the export trade' 42 per cent.
In the Swedish merchant service are 100$
steamers of 277.492 tons, and 17S4 sailing
vessels of 277.5S2 tons. Most of tho ma
terials used in the shin and marine en
gine works are made in Sweden, from steel
plates to timber. All the warships of
Sweden, completed and in course of con
struction, are of Swedish build.
The workmen in the shipyards get from
?4 29 a week for laborers, to ?C -53 for pattern-makers.
These would not be consid
ered living wages In America. The month
ly wages of men In the merchant marine
run from 59 50 for coal passers to ?40 to
?4S for first engineers.
t o t
To Test LoniMlnnn Constitution.
WASHINGTON, March 4. An important
conference of representative Afro-Americans
was held here yesterday, at which
tho test of the suffrage law legislation of
the Southern states, especially Louisiana,
was thoroughly discussed. The confer
ence was not held under the auspices of
the National Afro-American Council, but
it was decided to indorse the action of
tho council in determining to bring to a
final test the constitutionality of the
suffrage clause of the Louisiana constitu
tion, and a sufficient amount of money
was raised to ensure the institution of a
proper case in Louisiana, and to eee that
it reaches the Supreme Court of the United
States for final adjudication if necessary.
The test case will be brought at once.
! 0
Red JlttK for a Fins.
OMAHA, Neb., March 4. One of the in
cidents of the heated municipal campaign
which closes tomorrow was the tearing
down and destroying of an American flag
and substituting therefor a red rag on the
flagpole some time Saturday morning. This
morning the Mayor, who is running for re
election, was astonished to see the red
cloth whore erstwhile the Stars and Stripes
floated. As the rope was- cut he had to
call on tho fire department to run up a
ladder and take down the red cloth. He
then ran up a brand new American flag,
and says he does not propose to let any
ono pull it down. The work Is thought to
have been done by political opponents.
n
House Hnnjrer In London.
Newcastle (Eng.) Chronicle.
People unfamiliar with London have
some difficulty In realizing the very se
rious overcrowding which exists in the
poorer districts in the metropolis. The
medical officer of Islington has Just made
a return which brings home in striking
force the terrible density of our poorer
population. In that parish there are 12.S55
one-roomed tenements, occupied by rs',lS3
persons: 16,716 two-roomed tenements, with
C0.629 persons living in them; 11,806 three
roomed tenements, with 49,762 occupants
and S015 four-roomed houses, sheltering 41 -740
people. '
C 6
Council of JcTTlsh Women.
CLEVELAND. March 4. Tho annual
meeting of the Council of Jewish Women
began here this evening with about 103
delegates in attendance. After a secret
session, a public meeting was held at
which the president, Mrs. Hannah G. Solo
mon, of Chicago, read her annual report.
s
A Pertinent Question.
Canyon City News.
If a man should wear his pantaloons
bo long that whenever he appeared on the
street he would be obliged to reach around
behind and grab hold of the slack and hold
them up, wouldn't tho ladles laugh?
Milwaukee In the Lenjrue.
MILWAUKEE, Wis., March 4. W. R.
Killea, president of the baseball club, has
a deal closed by which Milwaukee becomes
a member of the American League.
c
Specie From France.
NEW YORK; March 4. The French
liner La Champagne, which arrived today
from Havre, carried 43 sacks of specie,
containing 263.5S3 francs.
s E
The business done in Oregon by the sir
most active life insurance companies is
shown on page 3.-
HABITS OF. THE COSSACKS
now
THEIR PECULIAR ORGANIZA
TION CAaiB TO BE.
Based on Complete Equality of Mem
bers nnd Sclf-Government
They Arc Great Fighters.
RIAJSK, Russia, Aug. 10. This, is the
Junction point, at which the through, lines
of railway across the Russian Empire from
north to south, between Moscow and the
Caucasus, cross the European- portion of
the great Siberian Railway. It is but 131
miles south of Moscow, so that I have had
to come all the way back to the center ot
European Russia in order to start east
ward again into Asia. The Transcaspian
Railway and tho Siberian Railway reach
out Into that greatest of continents on vir
tually parallel lines, about 1000 miles
THE ALEXANDER BRIDGE
apart Communication across the inter
vening strip is slow and uncertain, how
ever, so that until the connecting railway
is- built, from Tashkend to Orenburg or
Omsk, the traveler who wishes to cover
both the great Asiatic lines must retrace
his way from Andijan, in farthest Russian
Turkestan, across the Caspian Sea, the
Caucasus and half the breadth of the Rus
sian Empire in Europe before he reaches
the northern line.
There are two great through lines of
railway in Russia from Moscow to the
southern governments of the Empire, one
by way of Rlazan, RIajsk, Kozlov and
Rostov-on-Don to Vladikavkaz, at the
base of the Caucasus mountains, and Pe
trovsk, on the Caspian sea; the other by
way of Tula, Orel. Kursk, and Kharkov,
to the Crimea and Sebastopol, on the
Black Sea. From the latter line trains
diverge at Kursk for Odessa, and there
Is, In addition, a through service from St
Petersburg to Odessa by way of VHno and
Rovno, far to the west of the Moscow
route. The first of these lines, which
connects the provinces of the Caucasus
and Central Asia with the capitals of the
Empire, is one of the chief routes of travel
in Russia. Excellent passenger trains
run from Vladikavkaz to Moscow in 35
hours, the distance being about 1210 miles.
Connecting trains between Petrovsk, on
the Caspian, and Beslan, a station 20 miles
from Vladikavkaz, complete the service
for Transcaspian passengers. Those trav
eling to or from, Tlflls must drive across
the Caucasus Mountains through the
Dariel Gorge.
Between Vladilcavkaz and Rostov-on-Don
the line passes first along the base of
the Caucasus Range, leaving the great
peak of Mount Elbrus, the giant of them
all, far to the left. There are a number
of favored Russian summer resorts in tho
foothills of th's part of the range, most
of them established because of the "pres
ence of mineral springs, some hot and
some Cold, and of varied constituents.
They have resort hotels, bath-houses, sum
mer cottages, and the other familiar equip
ment, quite after the fashion of our own
resorts at home. The most notable group
of these Is reached by a branch line from
the station of Mineralniya Vodi, which
means simply mineral water. Another
branch to the right leads to the provincial
capital of Stravropol, and a third line
crossing at Tikhoretskaya. connects this
main .line with tho port of Novorossisk,
on the Black Sea. by way of the Cossack
city of Ekaterinodar, and with Tsaritsin
on the Volga.
Country of the Coiisacks.
This Is the country of tho Cossacks, that
peculiar body of irregulars which has fig
ured so prominently in all Russian war
fare, including the conquest of Central
Asia and Siberia. The Cossack settle
ments which are passed on this journey
are the most important of all the colonies
of the same sort in the Empire. The set
tlements between the Caspian and Black
Seas are the Cossacks of the Terek, the
Kuban and the Don, named respectively
lor the rivers which flow through their
territories. The first of these I saw some
weeks ago, on the journey from Petrovsk
to Vladikavkaz. On this later trip I
have passed through the settlements of
tho other two. Tho Cossacks are not, of
course, the Tegular forces of the Russian
Army, but form an Irregular arm of the
service, that might be compared in some
phases with the "rurales" of Mexico, even
though In most details they are without
comparison in tho military system of any
other country.
The word "Cossack" is Turkish, and
means "free man" or "free lance." A
Russian writer on the Cossacks relates
that they first were settlers of various
races on the River Dnieper. After the
Tartar invasion of the 13th century many
of the Russians who had been driven from
their homes by the raiders retired to the
Islands of this river, guarded by rocks and
marshes. To them flocked the oppressed
and the refugees of neighboring countries,
some, of course, being fugitives from jus
tice, and all found a welcome. Out of.
this freo population In the region of the
Dnieper gradually arose a martial Chris
tian society or knighthood, calling them
selves Cossacks. They soon became di
vided Into two castes, married men and
bachelors. The former settled throughout
Little Russia, and the Ukraine, where they
took to agriculture and became a kind of
Polish nobility. It was not until the end
of the ICth century that Cossack organiza
tion began to take its present form, with
a measure of official recognition. Then
ono colony of 6000 families was formed,
with the right recognized of electing their
own Colonels, but required to yield alle
giance to the crown. Those who resented
even this much authority fled to the- inac
cessible islands beyond the rapids of the
Dnieper, where they built a fort, formed
a camp and declared entrance Into their
association free to any ono who would
profess the orthodox faith, no other ques
tions to be asked. The life of the asso
ciation was based on the complete equality
of the members and self-government.
Chiefs were elected, called atamans, and
assistants, judges, clerks and captains
were chosen in the same way. These
were the men who have come down into
history as the Zaparoglan Cossacks.
Life of Simplicity.
The life of the Zaparoglan Cossacks was
distinguished by remarkable simplicity.
Its most prominent feature was celibacy,
and the introduction of women to tho
camps was forbidden, under penalty of
death. Owing to the proximity of the
Tartars, it was impossible for these Cos
sacks to engage in agriculture, and there
fore their only occupations, aside from
warfare and raiding, were hunting and
fishing. All lived together in the for
tress, each group having its own tent
of branches covered with horsehide.
Theft committed within the bounds of
the association was punished with death,
and disputes and quarrels among the
members were forbidden and punished
with almost equal severity. At first the
raids of this band of marauders wero
directed southward against the Crimean
Tartars and the Turks, but Poland, fear
ing that this would bring her into war
with Turkey, tried to stop the raids, with
the result that the Cossacks turned
against Poland. They figured in Inter
nal politics in Russia and la the affairs
of Poland and Little Russia for a long
time, until finally they offended Peter
the Great and that monarch captured
their stronghold. Then they entered tho
service of tho Tartar khan of tho Cri
mea. Russia had needed the service of
tho Cossacks as a barrier against the
Crimean Tatars, but when the Crimea
was conquered and occupied by Russia,
about the time of our Revolutionary War,
It was possible to turn attention to the
disturbing elements. The Russian troops
began a campaign, against the Cossacks,
which ended in the driving out of tho
Zaparogians.-'Some of them fled to Tur
key, and the others, a few years later,
were formed Into the troops of the Black
Sea. This most famous and first of
.Cossack bands Js therefore no longer -In
existence. Its successors, however, are
ACROSS THE VOLGA RIVER.
strong and active, and the history of the
first body serves to make clearer the his
tory of the younger ones.
The Don Cossacks are now the oldest
and the largest body of these troops.
They grew Into a military society at the
end of the 16th century by the gathering
of refugees from all parts of Russia, and
in a little while they received a charter
from Ivan the Terrible. At first they fol
lowed the example of the Zaparogians
and lived a free life, submitting to no au
thority. Then they came under direct
Russian rule, though numerous raids, ex
tending even to Moscow, proved that
they were for a long timo restless under
outside laws. Now, out of such lawless
beginnings, the bands of outlaws and
freebooters have come to be one of the
most valuable elements in the military
service of the Czar. They are born sol
diers, always ready for campaigning.
Finding it almost impossible to curb
them, the Russian Government has done
as President Diaz did in making the
rurales out of the robbers. It endeavors
to preserve their military organization
and martial spirit for the purpose of re
inforcing the regular army with cavalry,
and thus curtailing the regular contingent
ol mat expensive branch of the service.
Live After Their Otto Fashion.
The Cossacks have large allotments of
land and many privileges of self-government
after their own fashion, in re
turn for which they are required to give
certain special military service. Each
body of this organization is divided into
the service troops and the reserve, the
latter Including all above 32 years of age.
From 18 to 21 years they are in the pre
paratory contingent, and then for 12 -cmm
. they are reckoned as active troops, al-
mougn iney are actually under arms but
the first four years of that time. The
I must provide their own uniforms, equlp-
mcui ana norses. Tne heir annarent ia
the "Russian throne is the Commander-in-Chief
of alL the Cossacks, with the title
of Ataman. Each of the groups has Its
own Deputy Ataman, who also governs
tho local civil administration. In time
of war. the Cossack settlements furnish
the body guard of the Emperor, 14G cav
alry regiments, 39 separate squadrons, 29
platoon battalions and 33 horse artillery
batteries, a total of 176.000 troops. In
time of peace but one-third of these are
in service, the rest being allowed the
privilege of exemption. Born warriors, as
they are, the Cossacks have helped in
pioneering and conquests all over the
Empire. It was the Cossack bands, under
Yermak, who conquered Siberia and be
came tho progenitors of the present Si
berian Cossacks. In Central Asia they
have been of like value in warfare with
the armies of the Khanafes and the Turk
omans, and already Turkomans them
selves are being enlisted in Cossack forces
in Transcaspia. Cossack fraternities
or colonies guard the frontiers of Asiat
ic Russia almost all the way from the
Pacific Ocean to the Black Sea. It has
been prophesied by more than one writer
that It Is tho Cossacks who are destined
to meet the Sepoys on the heights of the
Hindu Kush to fight for the mastery of
India. These men are almost never mer
chants. Figures havo been given me
showing that although the Don Cos
sacks alone maintain nearly 60.000 fight
ing men and can muster 12S.000 In an
emergency, there axe but 440 of their own
people engaged In business, as compared
with 11.000 other traders not belonging
to the Cossack fraternity.
The presence of this peculiar colonial
system in the heart of Russia is anoma
lous, and the government more than
once has tried the introduction of enter
ing wedges to weaken their measure of
self-rule. The move has been resented
or averted, however, each time, so that
these military communities are little
changed. The Minister of War and their
own Atamans are the only authority they
recognize. They still receive refugees
who seek their communities for shelter
from government and law. Occupying,
as they do, great areas of the most fer
tile portion of Southern Russia, It Is evi
dent that they must be modified or dis
placed in some way that will open the
prairies of the Don to production. Never
theless, the process of change will be a
slow one, and the Cossacks may be de
pended upon to resist it as long as possi-
uic a iew yearB ago tne military ter
ritories of the Don Cossacks were ex
tended to considerable distance around
the shores of the Sea of Azov, the an
nexed territories Including the important
commercial centers of Rostov-on-Don and
Taganrog. Neither element was pleased
with the move. The Cossacks feared that
it was an effort to dilute their strength
by tho addition of communities that were
not of them, while the people of the- cities
were alarmed for fear the military
regime would interfere with their com
mercial prosperity. Altogether, the Cos
sacks are one of the most Interesting
elements in all the population of the
Russian Empire.
TRUMBULL WHITE.
JLarsrest Orchards In the World.
Baltimore News.
Views havo been taken of the orchards
of the Messrs. Miller and Pancake, in the
vicinity of Romney, W. Va.. for exhibition
at the Paris Exposition. These orchards
are the largest In the world, comprising
250,000 peach and plum trees. They plant
ed 1S1.000 trees the past year, and cleared
for planting 1733 acres of timber land. The
first season their orchards came Into bear
ing they shipped 100 carloads of peaches
and plums.
a i
Promoting Good Ronds.
Philadelphia Record.
The appearance of the automobile In
Buenos Ayres has been the signal for n
good roads agitation throughout the Ar
gentine Republic. The Argentine Tour
ing Club has been organized, and tho
roads exclusively reserved for bicycles and
light automobiles are already In course of
construction.
Terrible Pains in Head, Neck and Spine, Weak Back, Appetite Gone,
No Sleep for Weeks and Nerves AH in a Com
motion. Relief Came With
Dr
No disease plays such havoc with the
plicate nerVOUS SVRtrm no thnf fun-Otlo
delicate nervous system as that terrible
scourge, La Grippe. It tears and
strains at your spinal column. It
twists at your neck and seems to fairly
split your head wide open. In vain you
strive to throw it off. In vain you try
to get away. You are racked and buf
feted until your strength is worn- out
and your vitality is gone then left to
die. Dr. Miles' Nervine will help you.
It is a wonderful nerve-healer and
health-restorer. It has closed up the
lacerated wounds of thousands of grip's
unfortunate victims and started them
on the road to recovery.
Dr. Miles' Nervine Is a nerve food as
wpII ii n tnon! j ii
well as a medicine, and It not only
xeeas duc neais the nerve tissues,
FRENCH RAILWAY TRAVEL
MISLEADING STATISTICS ABOUT JTHE
FAST TRAINS.
RegmJations Which Make Them Un
available for Many People Ordi
nary Trains Slo-rr, Unpunctual.
Probably thousands of Americans will
have their first taste of French railway
travel when they come to the Paris ex
position next summer. If they are bas
ing their expectations on a recent news
paper article, they will be likely to make
faces over the reality. Probably the arti
cle in question was statistically correct.
Statistics cover more mistakes than char
ity does. The way to find out about
French railways is to ride from one end
of the country to the other1 in them if
you live long enough.
According to the statistical article, there
are between SO and 100 trains out of Paris
ever- day, having an average running
speed of between 50 and 60 miles an hour.
This sounds very big, and the tourist who
has no other information to cm hv win
picture himself skimming about France in
a succession of Empire State express runs, i average 2i kilometers (less than two
Statistics are also very partial to French J mllcs) each 24 hours. As one of the pa
railways in the line of accidents. It I3 i Dcrs nero says. It makes one sigh for the
quite true that the number of accidents
Is small In proportion to the number of
trains run, but French railroads are like
the best-regulated families In one respect,
accldent3 will happen in both. After all Is
said and done, remarks the New York
Sun, and to an American traveler who
looks simply at the facts of his own ex
perience and not at the company's statis
tics, railway travel is more comfortable,
more rapid and cheaper in America than
In any other country.
The visitor to the exposition must not
think that this first railway trip on French
soil la to be a criterion of those which
will follow it. The trains connecting with
the trans-Atlantic and Channel steamers
are, in a way, special trains, and are very
good. But let him enjoy the experience
while he can; he may not have It often.
Tha .fast trains which make such a fine
showing in the statistics are often of little
use to the ordinary tourist. For the fast
est trains on certain lines you cannot buy
a ticket for less than 373 miles. You must
travel first-class, and in many cases pay a
supplementary fare. Moreover, these fast
trains are almost invariably night trains,
so that you are obliged to take a sleeping-car,
and tho charges for sleeping-cars
In Europe are even more fabulous than
in America.
One of these trains de luxe, as they are
called, will do for an example. It Is run
for tho accommodation of the Riviera and
Italian travel from Paris. It leaves Paris
at S:D0 P. M., and reaches Nice the next
day at 1:29 P. M. That Is to say. it la due
at Nice at that hour, but railway sched
ules are, like good resolutions, made to
be broken. Tho train, therefore, covers
the 675 miles (English) at dn average
speed, of less than 40 miles an hour. For
the Inestimable privilege of riding on this
train de luxe you must go at least 373
miles. If you go to Nice, you pay for a
regular first-class ticket, about 524 35, or
about 3 2-3 cents a mile. For a single
berth In a compartment, with, perhaps,
three other passengers, you pay $7. For a
section you pay ?12. As a woman may be
put into the samo compartment with one
or two men, even a high-priced train de
luxe cannot be counted on to furnish or
dinary peace of mind to its passengers.
A compartment for one person costs $16 50
from Paris to Nice, which strikes tho
ordinary traveler as being rather expen
sive. If one wishes to take a day train for a
point between Paris and Marseilles, the
best he can do is to take the 9:20 A. M.
express, which covers the 536 miles in 14
hours, an average speed of about 38 miles
an hour. There is nothing but first-class
on this train. If one is going from Mar
seilles to Nice, one finds that almost all
the best trains reach there late, at night,
or else leave Marseilles very early in tho
morning. If one would make the trip
along the Riviera during daylight, which
almost every- tourist would like to do, one
must take an omnibus train, which cov
ers the 140 miles in from eight hours up,
as tho hotels say of their prices.
As for excursions to points of interest
I near Paris, the traveler may find some
sorry experiences in this line. Versailles
is about 12 miles from Paris by the most
direct railway line. The writer has made
tho trip several times, and had the ques
tionable pleasure of spending from 50 to
60 minutes on the way. It is the same
thing in going to St. Denis. The distance
of about eight miles is covered in little
moro than half an hour, but in addition
to this time one must devote at least half
an hour In getting to the station in Paris,
and there is a 15-mlnute walk to the
church at the other end.
Luckily for the Exposition visitors,
there will bo no risk of having pneumonia
next summer from traveling in cold cars.
The only heating apparatus consists of
hot-water cans, which are sometimes sup
plied, sometimes not, and grow cold them
selves in the course of a few hours.
There are no double windows, and heavy
wraps and rugs are an absolute essential
in European travel during cold weather.
Americans often ask about the use of
the different classes of carriage. Almost
everybody knows that in England, except
during tho August holidays, when all the
population of the United Kingdom seems
to be living In railway compartments, one
can travel for ordinary distances with com
fort in the third-class carriages. One Is
pretty sure of plenty of room and unob
jectionable companions in the second-
Mies'
j makes new nerve fibers, increases the
' t-oI Anyone-nine ln . M...i j
' red corpuscles in the blood and
strengthens the brain cells. When
you Und yourself so nervous, restless
and Irritable that you cannot sleep at
night, Dr. Miles' Nervine will soothe
your weary nerves and bring- restful,
refreshing- sleep to jrour tired and
worn-out brain. When you are weak,
exhausted and run down so that you
have no desire for food and no ambi
tion for work, Dr. Miles' Nervine will
stimulate your appetite. Invigorate
. your digestion and build up strength
for D0Jy and mind.
"La Grippe left my stomach so weak
that I ootllfl smrroK- nt nnr Trlnfl nf
food and was nervous and sleepless. I
iuuiw uiicc uuuik ol ut. -uwes nervine
and was cureJ.
MRS. WM. B. SWANK, Miamlsburg. O.
cass. In France, on the line from Paris
to Marseilles and Nice, second-class is
perfectly comfortable. In fact, the seats
are more comfortable than in the first-
class. But most of the fast trains do not
carry any but first-class passengers. On
most of the lines second-class will be
found perfectly possible, but no one
should think of riding third-class unless
it Is absolutely necessary. Tho Frenoh
tnird-class carriages are little better than
freight-cars, with partitions and seats
The same- is true of Italian railways, but
In Germany things aro better.
Fortunately, few Americans are deeply
interested in the freight business of
French railroads. Those who have had
much experience in this direction have
felt more charitably inclined toward nnr
home railroads for their occasional de
lays. Thsl winter the Paris newspapers
have contained scores of complaints
against the railway companies, some of
the facts seeming almost incredible. The
delays of passenger trains other than the
principal through trains are so frequent
that people are compelled to allow them
selves a margin of several hours on a
journey of perhaps 75 miles, if they want
to be sure of making connections at the
other end.
By way of consoling freight-shippers at
home, here are a few experiences retailed
by their French brethren: One man sent
a carload by freight; it reached Its des
tination finally, having traveled on an
soa. 01a days of ox teams or rlsh for an
ordinary moving van. A grain dealer sent
a carload of wheat from Quilleboeuf to
Evreux-Navarre, a distance of about 10
miles. It reached Its destination after 14
days. He sent another carload of wheat
about 45 miles., -When 'he wrote his tale of
woo to the papers, 14 days had passed and
the wheat had not been heard from.
The stories which have come out of
the negligence of tho companies In regard
to the transportation 01 living animals
aro unpleasant reading. A carload of
hogs died of starvation right in the yards
of a station, and, more incredible still,
no attention was paid to the affair until
tho odor coming from the carcasses be
came so frightful that It attracted general
attention. Another carload of hogs was
allowed to remain n the yards three days
without anybody's paying attention to it.
When the railroad people finally got
around to the car and Its contents, three
hogs were found to be missing; or, at
least, almost missing. One could scarcely
blame the others for turning cannibals
after nobody knew Just bow many days
of starvation. There Is another case of
13 "horses smothered to death by being
kept in a tight car too Ion. All this.
happily, does not concern the exposition
visitors, out, aeraea to the annoyance
which they are bound to encounter person
ally. It may give them a little more char
ity for tho shortcomings (or perhaps long
goings) of the American railways.
a
A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE.
An Army Chaplain TelH About the
Post Exchange.
We find In the Army and Navy Journal
a statement about the post exchange and
army canteen at Fort Russell, Wyoming.
In April of last yoar the chaplain was
made exchange officer, and served as
such until he was ordered to the Philip
pines last July. When he took hold, the
canteen was closed, no beer was sold at
tho post. The exchange store was a good
one. fairly well stocked with men's fur
nishings, stationer', tobacco, etc. The
exchange restaurant was a wretched lit
tle hole, fitted up with a rough luncn
counter and two deal tables. It did not
pay expenses, though the store earned a
profit of (say) 15 per cent. There was a
recreation-room with one billiard table
in it; no reading-room; a pretty good
gymnasium, afterward converted Into a
schoolroom, and then into a pest hospital.
The closed canteen, "a rough and shackly
room," contained a wooden bar, half a
dozen .pine tables, and about two dozen
chairs.
The garrison of the fort last spring con
sisted of a battalion of the Twenty-fourth
Infantry. It contained a sprinkling of
veterans of the Spanish war, but nearly
all the enlisted men were "rookies." Not
being able to get beer at the post ex
change, they got worse stuff elsewhere.
Tho chaplain says:
During- this whola period (April to July) 'I
served as counsel for priscnera brought up be
fore the general court, and so had very much
of an inside view of results, both when there
was and was not a canteen. . . . During the
period when the canteen was clcejd, the repu
tation of the regiment Buffered 3everely. The
men herded in the law haunts and dives of
the city. There were all kinds of disgraceful
affairs. Including a murder, shooting- and stab
bing affrays, jallings, etc: and our garrison
docket was crowded, including even noncom
missioned offlcers. It was the stcry of the
house swept and garnished. To close tha can
teen on the reservation could not compel or
legislate the drlnklnc element Into decency.
It simply opened the way to unrestricted ca
rousing In the city. It was an evil perloi:
and we all felt that it would be far better to
have tho canteen open, and have this element
well in hand, where decency and order could
be maintained.
When the order came to reopen the
canteen, the commanding officer told the
chaplain he wanted hjm to stay on as ex
change officer, but would relieve him of
that duty if It was distasteful to him.
The chaplain stayed on, and this Is his
report of what happened:
After the reopening of the canteen cur dis
orders ceased. Drunkenness became most rare,
and In every instance occurred only when the
men went to town. No beer waa allowed to
"
i "Last February I was taken with tha
t crrtn n-rrf It- Tvrm.cv.. - .
grip and it brought on nervous prostra
tion, which lasted for three months. I
was so weak and exhausted in body and
mind that I could not sleep and my
nerves were all in a commotion. I had
terrible pains in my head, the back of
my neck and down my spine, my back
and legs were so weak that I could not
walk, my appetite was gone and I had
no sleep for nearly nine weeks. Nothing
that the doctors gave me seemed to do
me any good and at last I sent lor a bot
tle of Dr. Miles' Nervine. The first dose
brought refreshing sleep and from that
time on I improved very rapidly: I used
three bottles of Nervine and two phials
of ,erve and Liver Pills and my health
was restored." MRS. E. C. BAWLBY,
Waterloo, Ind.
Dr. Miles' Remedies are sold at all
druggists' on a positve guarantee. Wrlto
for free advice and booklet to
DR. MILES MEDICAL CO..
Elkhart, Ind.
be taken Into the barrack. Treating was
forbidden. The barkeeper, a man. whcTnever
drank, never hesitated to refuse ta csll when
( h thought it necrssaryr and officers were ready
i t0 confine any man who abused his privileges,
' m&? aflr say that decency and order were
the ruIe cs far cs m? experience went. "We
' dId not Perro the sale of light wines, or een
bottIed beer. e- two or three men, the very
, flrst daj' wers datectcd trying to carry their
Datues out OI tne canteen.
Chaplain Swift sees in his mind's eve
the post exchange as it ought to be. He
would house it handsomely in a spacious
two-story frame structure, "gayer and
lighter in its composition "than the more
staid and dignified quarters barrack3
and offices." He would run two broad
verandas around it one above the oth
er. He would surround 1t with flower beds
and shrubbery. He would put the canteen
i ttfsht beers only) in the basement, with
tne gymnasium, bowling, alley, bath
rooms, etc. On the ground floor he would
put the post store and (across the hall) a
large, handsome, well-equipped post res
taurant On the floor above he would
have the post library, a readimr and wrlt-
j Ing-room. a room for cards, chess, check
ers, etc., a billiard-room, and a hop-room
that can also be used as a. theater. He
would put civilians in charge of the res
taurant and canteen, and enlisted men In
charge of the other rooms.. The Govern
ment should provide the building with
its permanent fixtures and heat it. he
thinks; the rest should be done gradual
ly by the men themselves out of the post
exchange funds. Upon a. change of gar
rison the Incoming regiment would be
willing and glad to buy "the improve
ments" at a fair valuation, he thinks. In
further enforcement of his view as to
what should be. Chaplain Swift says:
It might cost $10:00O at a post, but It would
be money well Invested. It would be In It3 way
as'lnstramentarto'the'Tnorar -wemfiglng of the
garrison cs the hospital lo to its physical. We
cannot compute eerythlng on a. dollar-and-centrf
baste, but 1 believe, and I think I speak
the voice of very many of my brother officers
in 3aylng so, that It will pay. Where 1000
men. more or less, are gathered together, there
Is something more needed than a cot to deep
In. or a ration to draw and eat,, or drills,
guards, reviews and fatigues to All In the
time. The man are strong and vigorous, crav
ing for mental and physical diversion, and for
rome variation from the monotony of barracks
fare. Generally to meet these wants some
neighboring town will offer an abundance of
low, cheap and vile entertainment, and become
a eource of demoralization at once. Saloons,
gambling-dens, low dancehcases, brothels, are
ecr ready to fatten on soldiers drUen from
the vacuousness of the garrison to seek amuse
ment and occupation elsewhere. Why should
not healthy, legitimate, orderly and attractive
diversion be provided in the post, and so
much better and cheaper that a man would be
but throwing money away to seek" them else
where? Bishop Potter, of New York, thinks
that the chaplain has got hold of a big
problem at the right end. So do we.
"Your plan Is of great value." the bishop
writes to him. "in that it promises to bo
self-supporting. If this can be demon
strated by an experiment made with pri
vate means, the friends of the scneme
could go with "much greater hope of suc
cess to the War Department and ask for
authority to exploit It with Government
funds." Evidently they could. Let in
hope the "private means" will not bo
backward in coming forward. Here's a
chance to do something practical and
worth while for ths enlisted men of tho
army Anything thafareally benefits them
is thefcoottntry's benefit, too.
t a
Hovann'n Fncl Ii Charcoal.
Chicago Record.
Charcoal is almost the only fuel used
in Havana, which Is a city of 2S0.GC0 in
habitants, and as the masses live from
hand to mouth and buy only the smallest
possible amounts at a time there are hun
dreds of great, unweildy charcoal carts
constantly traversing the streets. Char
coal has an advantage as fuel, which
shows in Havana's cleanliness or freedom
from coal soot or ashes. Few houses
have chimneys. Over the large stone and
tile ranges of the kitchens there is an
expanded canopy terminating above in a
square or oblong funnel leading to a flue
which ends flush with the roof.
c
BUSINESS ITE33S.
If Baby Is CnttSnc: Teeth,
Be rare and use that old and well-tried remedy.
Jlr?. "Wlnslow's Soothing Syrup, for children
teething. It seethes the child, softens the guras.
alinj all pain cure wind colic and diarrnoei.
soap is
dried a whole
year. That's
why it lasts so.
-5 V
rears
IP!
BRoSrsT
The Best
Washing Powder
kSP8