THE MOBXIKG- OBEGOOTAST, TUESDAY, JA3njA.TLY 1, 1S95.
made from cream that has not had these
imparities eliminated.
The cream as it leaves the separator
Hows into the cream vats, shown in the
Illustration. It is then piped into the
churns. After churning, the butter is
"worked on the worker and then is taken
to an adjoining- room and molded into
"blocks, or "rolls" so called, of two pounds
each. It is then ready for shipment.
In addition to the manufacture of but
ter, the Vancouver creamery is supplied
with machinery for the manufacture of
condensed milk, evaporated cream, milk
sugar, etc It also manufactures 25 differ
ent kindsof cheese, among the more prom
inent ones being full cream, Young Amer
ica, German cream, Llmburger, Neufcha
tel, Fromage de Brie, Swiss, etc. In the
manufacture of cheese the cream Is sepa
rated as it is done for the manufacture of
butter, after -which It is again mixed with
the skimmed milk. The object of this is
to clarify the milk of the animal matter
by running it through the separator. The
skimmed milk Is also made into cheese
separately. The cheese is all made in the
manufacturing room, after which it is
stored in an adjoining room, where it is
cured.
An exception in this programme Is made
in the storage of Llmburger cheese for
curing, a separate building located some
distance from the creamery being nsed
for the storage of this particular variety,
owing to its rather "loud" odor. It might
be interesting to many to be enlightened
as to the cause of the peculiar odor of
.Llmburger cheese. In all other varieties
the whey is expressed before it is molded.
This Is not done with Llmburger, however,
and it is the fermentation of the whey
that gives that individuality to this vari
ety of cheese. Many have guessed at the
cause for this, and many peculiar stories
are related, purporting to explain the rea
son -why Llmburger cheese smells "so
awful."
The principal market for the products
of the Vancouver creamery is Portland,
but it also sells considerable quantities of
butter and cheese in the Sound country
as -well as in Astoria, Ilwaco, Oregon City
and other places.
The creamery is well constructed, and
is perfect throughout in its details. It
cost about $25,000, and is arranged so as to
be operated at a merely nominal cost.
Large quantities of water are required to
keep the place clean, and this is supplied
by an artesian -well located beside the
building. The creamroom, churnlng
room, molding-room and storage-room all
have cement floors and are thoroughly
washed off dally, thus keeping these
apartments sweet and clean. The cold
storage room Is constructed with double
walls with a hollow space between, and
an air current Is kept in active circulation
in this space.
To Mr. Julius Kauplsch. the general
manager of the creamery. Is due the prin
cipal credit for the establishment and
successful operation of this Very import
ant enterprise. It is true that financial
assistance to a. certain extent was given
him by a number of prominent citizens of
Vancouver, but it is entirely due to Mr.
ICauplsch's thorough and eminently prac
tical knowledge of "butter and cheese
making that the creamery has met with
such phenomenal success. This gentle
man's knowledge of the business was ac
quired from long years of practical expe
rience in Switzerland, Germany, France
and other European countries, as well as
in New York, Illinois and California. The
other officers of the company are as fol
lows: Honry Christ, the president, is a
prominent capitalist and farmer, and is one
of the oldest settlers of Clarke county. He
is one of the principal stockholders, and
lias taken an active and earnest interest
in the enterprise from its inception. The
other ollicers have all shown an equal de
gree of interest in the welfare and suc
cess of the creamery since it was found
ed, and to the combined efforts of all the
present prosperous condition of the insti
tution Is largely due. S. W. Brown, the
vle-president, has been a resident of
Clarke county for the past S3 years. He
was appointed receiver of
the United
States land office at Vancouver by PresI- ' Ington. That part of Pendleton's rich trlb
dent Lincoln and held the position for 20 utary district not covered by the O. R. &
years. The gentleman is too well known N. Co.s lines is reached by the lines of
m the community where he Tesldes to re- i
quire additional extended mention. Hon.
W. B. Wells, the treasurer, has resided in
Vancouver for the past five years, having
removed from Michigan to this place. He
has been actively engaged in the lumber
business both at his former home and at
Vancouver. At present Mr. Wells is not
actively engaged in any particular busi
ness. Morrl3 B. Wells, who is proprietor
of the leading abstract office of Clarke
county, is the secretary of the company.
He is one of Vancouver's most active and
prominent young business men, and he
carefully looks after the company's ac
counts. L. M. Hidden, a director of the
company, is one of the proprietors of the
Hotel Columbia, a hostelry without a
peer In the Northwest. He is one of Van
couver's best-known and most respected
business men. asd occupies a high position
both financially and as a business man in
the city where he resides.
The Idea of a creamery was a new one,
comparatively, to the farmers, and it re
quired persistent effort and a vast amount
of energy and hard work to educate them
to the point of a proper appreciation of
the advantages and requirements of a
creamery." The amount of milk received
at the start was but 500 pounds, but it
gradually increased until the maximum
amount received per day last summer was
45.000 pounds. Milk is received from
Clarke. Cow Ms and Skamania counties,
Washington, and from Columbia and Mult
nomah counties. Oregon. The full capac
ity of the creamery is 150.000 pounds" of
milk ier day, and it is, with one excep
tion, the largest individual creamery in
the country. The milk of each person
who j-ells to the crenmery is tested sepa
rately and the price paid for some is
gauged according to the market price of
butter and the percentage of butter fats
contained in the milk.
The following statement of the prices
paid per pound for butter fats each
month during the existence of the
creamery conveys better than any other
menus could the value and Importance to
farmers of the creamery:
Cents.! Cents.
October. 1S9S M June. 1S91 itu
November. 1SS3...30 jjulv. 1S84 22U
ijucemoer. iK...a i August. 1KM 25
vvV.ii;. Km" lS,cVllm,,er;,.WI SJb
ebniary. 1S9I....27- October, 14 27 1
.Mercn. ism r'Novembcr. 1S94
Anril. 1S94 22U.1 npopmhrr 1SU
...Si'November. 1S94....25
...2i2 December, 1SH....27;
May. 1S91 30 " '"(pounds, while 2.500.000 bushels of wheat
The importance and future possibilities ' are regularly shipped from this noint
of the dairying Industry In this section '
can readily be understood from the fore-
going Matemcnt. and to whatever extent
the industry may grow In future years
the honor of being the pioneer factor in
PEXDLETOX WOOL SCOl RIXG PACEIXG COMPAX1S PLAXT. PEXDLETOX.
developing this industry must be accorded
uic anvuuver vreamery . ompany.
All the Telegraph Line.
The total length of the telegraph lines
the world ls about 1.005,009 miles, of which
tte.000 are in America and 3J9.000 in Europe.
In the United States alone there are 400.000
mllos.
Looae Panther Create a Panic.
A panther that is supposed to have es
caped from a traveling show nearly Beared
the life out of a family at Farmlands,
lad., the other night, by attempting to
enter their house.
GREAT WOOL CENTER
rENDLETON, THE RAILROAD CEN
TER OF EASTERN OREGON.
Saccwix of the tVooI-Scoarlusr Plant
Located at This Point Lead
ing Industries.
'JENDLETON is the
first important point
on the main line of
the O. R. & N. Co.'s
railroad east of The
Dalles. It is 231
miles east of Port
land, and a little
over 140 miles east
of The Dalles. It is
the seat and princi
pal trading center of
Umatilla county, one
of the richest sec
tions of .the state,
and the city divides
with Spokane and
Walla "Walla the dis
tribution of all the
diversified products
of the vast stretch
of country lying east
of the Cascades in
Oregon. "Washington and Northern Idaho
and known as the Inland Empire. Pen
dleton, while claiming less population than
Spokane, has been equally as progressive
as the latter city, and it is today one of
the most prosperous business centers of i the company will be $220,000. This esti
Oregon. I mate includes all expenditures already
In addition to being located on the main
2IAIX STREET,
line of the O. R. & N. Co.. by which the
city is afforded transcontinental connec
tion, Pendleton is also the junction of the
main line and the Washington division of
the same system. The Washington divis
ion of the O. R. & N. Co.'s railroad sys
tem covers all the best parts of Western
Washington and Northern Idaho, its lines
traversing all the wonderful wheat belt
of the Palouse in Washington and the
Bonanza mining district of the Coeui
d'Alenes in Idaho. This system also con
nects Pendleton direct with Walla Walla
and Spokane, the latter of which is the
largest inland city of the state of Wash-
the Washington & Columbia River rail-
road (the Hunt road), which terminates
at this point. This system runs from Pen
dleton to Hunt's Junction, on the line of
the Northern Pacific near Wallula, and
from Hunt's Junction It extends to Day
ton, a distributing point of considerable
magnitude, 27 miles east of Walla Walla.
Branching out from the main line of the
Washington & Columbia River railroad
are a number of feeders which furnish
an outlet for the traffic of some of the
best settled districts of Oregon and Wash
ington. Pendleton has direct all-rail con
nection with the East via both the North-
COURTHOUSE.
era Pacific and the Union Pacific, systems
that alto cover every part of the Pacific
Northwest.
The annual business handled at Pendle
ton during the period of normal trade
conditions amounts to $2,000.00). In ISM
the business of the city fell off some, as it
did in every important center of the coun
try. The fall of ISSi, however, noted a
mnrknil revlvnl in PpnHlfttnnQ ft-ailA ami
the PIace ls ntm resuming all of Its old
,im n.,tu-itx- ti, m.ni i,innfc
tlme nt1-lt Th( flMnllnl vlllnrnftrttc rf
, , v. V, ................
wo' irom ,nu,lwn arc uom i.am,uw ,
The possibilities of an increase in Pendle-
ton's business may be appreciated from
the statement that there are today over
100,000 acres of land in Umatilla eeunty
and directly tributary to Pendleton that
Is now practically barren, but which can
. - - -. : ... 7
be made highly fertile by the aM of lrri- ,
- .f 'V"-" v" fw -t " im- 1
gatetheselands has already assumed such j
dmpe that a practical outcome of the ef- 1
forts to build a system of irrtaitinjr i
ditches tb cover all of this arid district Is
district fs !
already assured.
Some six years a the Umatilla Irrisa- I
lion Company was formed as the direct
rV $ the earaeSt,evforof ?. San. I
P. Sturgis. cashier of the First National
bank of Pendleton, and one of the best
known business men or the city. This
company has already constructed a rart
J of the system it early proposed to build.
siwinlil w pfa ill?
"Water for its ditches is taken from the
Umatilla river at a point near Gibbon.
Gibbon is at the foot of the Blue moun
tains on the line of the O. R. & N. Co., 20
miles east of Pendleton, and at a sufficient
elevation to afford a flow through all the
ditches proposed by the irrigation com
pany. From this point water is now car
ried by a ditch to Adams, a rich farming
town on the Washington division of the
O. R. &. N. Co.. 12 miles distant from Pen
dleton. This ditch crosses a rich section
of prairie land, a district comprising TO.eOO
acres, which will be reclaimed by this
system of Irrigation. All the preliminary
engineering work has been done on these
proposed ditches, and permanent locations
are all established. Congress has passed
a bill giving the company the right of way
7 ;C
5-5
PUBLIC SCHOOL, PEXDLETOX.
for their proposed ditch across the Uma
tilla Indian reservation, this right of way
to be perpetual if the ditch shall be com
pleted before lKhJ. The entire cost of the
system of irrigation ditches outlined by
made for surveys, permanent location
PEXDLETOX.
and construction work; 5,000 has already
been spent.
The feasibility of the proposition to
cover all the arid lands of the district
tributary to Pendleton- by a system of
irrigation ditches has been personally In
vestigated by Mr. Ham Hall, of Califor
nia. Mr. Hall is one of the leading au
thorities on irrigation In the United
States. He unhesitatingly Indorsed the
project, and pronounced it feasible and an
enterprise that would insure the most
profitable returns to Its promoters. The
mileage of the ditches proposed by the
irrigation company will approximate CO
miles.
Another irrigation system now under
construction through the country directly
tributary to Pendleton is that of the Blue
Mountain Irrigation & Improvement Com
pany. The ditch of this company receives
its water from McKay creek at a point 14
miles distant from Pendleton, and it will
irrigate the sagebrush lands comprised in
a belt of 25,000 acres and lying south and
west of Pendleton. The company has al
ready expended several thousands or dol
lars in surveys and preliminary construc
tion work on this ditch, and has also se
cured a right of way through the Umatilla
Indian reservation from congress.
A number of minor irrigation enter
prises have also been started at Foster,
PEXDLETOX.
Echo and Umatilla, towns nil tributary
to Pendleton. Thee smaller systems will
reclaim the arid lands situated In the
western and south western parts of Uma
tilla, county, it Is estimated that the
completion of all the irrigation ditches
now outlined in Umatilla county will re
claim fully 150,000 acres of rich land, the
entire crops of which will be handled
either at the Pendleton warehouses or In
the warehouses at these outside towns
otuiuu uj icmu:
controlled by Pendleton's business men.
Pendleton contains a present popula
tion of about 3000. It has two strong local
banks, and In addition to the large local
trade of the city the leading houses en
joy a considerable jobbing and wholesale
business. Two good newspapers arc es
tablished here. One of these, the East
Oregonian, has been built up as the direct
result of the earnest efforts of C. S. Jack
son, one of the brightest journalists of the
state. The East Oregoniun occupies its
own building, a fine brick structure, and
it is one of the recognised newspapers of
merit on the coast. The Tribune looks
after the interests of the republican party
1 In Eastern Oregon in addition to its other
important work as a newsgatherer. and it
enjoys a local popularity which has
gained for it the hearty support of the
Pendleton people.
One of the most important factors in
the growth and prosperity of Pendleton
was the establishment of the plant of the
Pendleton Woolscouring & Packing Com
pany's plant at this point early last year.
Pendleton, being most favorably located
in the center of the woolproducing dis
trict of Oregon and Washington, is per-
! me ueL sue tor ice location or a
large woolscouring plant east of the Cas-
naps tne oest site lor the location of
cades. The railroad centering here gives
moat favorable rates on wool shipments
to this nolnt. n.i th TrruMM ..-
tnnc.tino.i.i no r-j i. ..,.
?..irt.jA .... i... -. .
Mewi uic.i mc im.-bi luvoraoie rates
on all Eastern shipments. The mill now
in 0twi . , ... " :.
scourins & Packing Companv at Pendle
ton was built last spring at a ct 5
$3e,&. By recent additions of raachlnerv
and the erection of adjoining warehouses,
the plant now represents an outlay of
over 530.030. This investment has proved
a uroGtahle one tn th owners of thenlant
j and the establishment of the mill here has
been of the greatest beneflt to Eastern
I1 Oregon woolgrowers.
The buildings occupied by this plant axe
constructed of corrugated iron. The ma
j chinery nsed is a Sargent automatic plant
J of the latest design. The completeness of
j the plant, together with an abundant sup
I ply of soft water .for washing the wool
j handled, enables the company to turn out
I a uniform scoured product of a superior
quality.
The location of this mill at Pendleton
has been of direct benefit to the business
of the city- From May 3, when it was
first started, until November 20 last, the
mill was run both day and night. During
that time It furnished steady employment
to 60 hands, and the payroll exceeded 53000
a month. During the season the mill was
operated the management paid out to
workingmen in Pendleton for their labor
in preparing wool raised in this section
for market about J20.000. This expense of
preparing the raw wool for the mills has
heretofore been paid in the East, thus
taking just that much money away from
the laborirg classes of the Northwest.
The most satisfactory showing made by
the establishment of the scouring mill at
Pendleton Is the direct saving of nearly
$30,000 in freight, money heretofore paid
to the railroads which have their head
quarters in the Eastern centers. During
the time that the mill was run to its full
capacity it scoured about 2,000,000 pounds
of wool, which shrunk about 70 per cent.
The expense in freight charges alone in
shipping this wool In the grease to the
Eastern markets would have been $41,000.
The freight charges on the scoured prod
uct was 513,500, a direct saving in freight
as the result of the scouring of over
127,000. Through local competition a great
er part of the money thus saved In freight
charges goes to the woolgrowers who sell
their wool in Pendleton.
An indication of the benefits which have
resulted from the establishment of the
woolscouring plant at Pendleton may be
gained from the statement that during
1S33 but 1,250,000 pounds of wool were re
ceived at the local warehouses. Since the
erection of the mill, the receipts of wool
at these warehouses (only a part of 1S94)
have been nearly 5,000,000 pounds. All of
this wool with the exception of a few car
loads found a prompt sale at prices that
will hereafter make Pendleton the natural
wool market for all the territory east of
The Dalles.
A manufacturing Industry of import
ance at Pendleton is the Byers flouring
mill. This mill has a daily capacity of
500 barrels. The flour turned out here was
awarded the first prize at the world's fair
in Chicago. Other manufacturing enter
prises established here are a foundry, ma
chine shops, sash and door factory, plan
ing mill and a brewery.
A feature of Pendleton fully appreciated
by the traveling public is the advantage
afforded in good hotel accommodations.
The Hotel Pendleton is a strictly modern
caravansary, conducted in first-class
style, and It is now recognized as one of
the great public-houses of the state.
Information regarding Pendleton and
the tributary country will be cheerfully
furnished by Messrs. Clopton & Boyd, who
handle real estate, both In city property
and In farms. This firm makes a specialty
of loaning clients money on favorable
terms where the security offered is pro
ductive farming property.
LA GRANDE.
The Trading Point for a Considerable
Part of llic Grand Rontlc Valley.
LARGE part of the
Grand Ronde vul--ley.
an agricultural
'section second only
J in size and Import-fv-ance
to the famed
S&Wjllamette valley
4f.ln AVestern Oregon,
Indirectly tributary
-vv jo. uiauuc. j. ills
is a town on the
main line of the O.
R. & N. Co., 305
miles east of Port-
wjsa
land. It is also the
point of junction of
the main line and the Elgin branch, which
runs north of La Grande for a distance of
21 miles, terminating at Elgin.
La Grande has made great strides since
the line of railroad was completed to this
point. The location here by the railroad
company of repair shops, roundhouses
and coalbunkers has resulted in the dis
bursement of large sums of money regu
larly each month in wages. La Grande is
the end of a division on the O. R. & N.
Co., and it is one of the most Important
points for repairs on this great system of
roads.
Several disastrous conflagrations en
couraged the erection of good brick busl-
ncss blocks at La Grande, and the nrincl
nal business of the town f; nnw lirinrllfwl .
lei
in modern fire-proof stru,. ures. The place 1 eral 0UtPut oC the tributary mining dis
contains today a population of about 3000 I trict wU1 afford a considerable part of the
It Is estimated that the area of th om,n. . traffic handled by the railroad from this
try directly tributary is no less than 500
square miles, and nearly all of this tribu
tary section is capable of the highest state
of development.
Diversity of farm products Is the char
acteristic of the Grand Ronde valley.
Grain, hay, fruit and vegetables, every
thing that a lertile soli with the aid of an
equable climate can produce, are raised
successfully here. In addition to these
products, wool, hides, cattle, sheep, horses
and lumber are shipped in large quanti
ties from La Grande. The activity no
ticed in the lumber industry here can be
appreciated from the statement that there
are no less than 25 saw mills in the imme
diate vicinity, whose output during the
cutting season aggregates 1,000,000 feet a
day. c
Even during the stringency of the past
two years, public improvements at La
Grande have been made as they were in
former years. During this time beveral
of the main streets have been macad
amized. and there ha,ve been considerable
expenditures of public money for other
works of a public nature. All the modern
conveniences of city life, "including water.
; " " - - ' ' ' ' ' I
- ; If Tl? i
JfilJ.Y THOROUGHFARES, LA GRAXDE.
electric lights, etc., are enjoyed by the state, climate, healthfuiness of the sur
citlzens of La Grande. roundings, fertility of the soil, quality of
The Grand Ronde river, which flows by water, price of fue! tc. to be carefully
La Grande, furnishes a large available , considered In selecting the site. After a
water-power, which is Utilized at the , most careful examination of the different
present time for running one large flour- f points in Eastern Oregon, both by the
ing mill, three planing mills and several state building commission and a compe
smaller manufacturing plants. This power ! tent board of physicians. Union was se
is canable of great development, and it Is J lected as the sat of the new institution,
ample to run any number of factories The site Includes about GOO acres of choice
whkh will ever be located here. j land, lying southwest of the city. The
A
UXIOy, SEAT OF THE EASTERN ORE
GON INSANE ASYLl'M.
The Projected Industries One of the
Principal Mining- Centers
of the State.
NION is one of the old
established trading cen-
It is the judicial seat J
of one of the richest
counties In all that part
of the state lying east
of the Cascade moun
tains, and It is the trad
ing center for a district
rich in mineral, forest
and agricultural resources.
Before the line of the Oregon Railway
&. Navigation Company's railroad was
completed from Portland through the
Grand Ronde valley, the trade of which Is
principally handled at Union, the country
in the immediate vicinity was one of the
richest stockraising districts in the North
west. Many fortunes were made in those
days in the stock business here, and it
was this wealth which formed the basis
of Union's future prosperity. The men
who made money in raising stock in the
Crand Ronde valley and on the adjacent
ranges of the foothill districts were those
whose principal possessions were in the
section of country directly tributary to
Union, and the principal part of the money
thus made was invested in this town and
In the development of the resources of the
country tributary. The completion of the
line of railroad through the valley encour
aged the rapid settlement of the country
over which vast herds of cattle had for
merly run, and it was the cuttlng-up of
this district Into many small farms which
has made stockraising here on the scale
It was formerly conducted an impossibil
ity. Considerable stock is yet raised in
the Grand Ronde valley and In the foot
hill districts adjacent, but the stock is
principally in small bands, and the great
stock ranges of the past, which furnished
grazing ground for thousands of head of
cattle, are now cut up into hundreds of
small farms, farms that are today among
the most productive of the state.
In an article on the Grand Ronde valley,
which immediately follows the present
article, much valuable Information can be
obtained of Union's tributary country, and
as descriptive of one of the most pro
ductive parts of the state the article la
question will well be worth a careful
perusal.
The immediate location of Union is in
the center of the county of the same
name, and at the southern extremity of
the rich Grand Ronde valley. Flowing by
the city Is Catherine creek, which fur
nishes at this point a valuable water
power, ample for all the purposes of man
ufacturing. Union is on the line of the O.
R. & N. Co., 318 miles east of Portland,
and it is SO miles west of Huntington,
where the latter road makes direct con
nection with the Union Pacific system for
all points East.
The present poulation of Union is in the
neighborhood of 2000. It is a prosperous
business community. The public build
ings are all modern types of architecture,
and chief among these notable structures
are the courthouse, the city hall and the
public school. These are all fine brick
buildings. The cost of the public-school
building was $20,000, and it is one of the
best-arranged structures devoted to edu
cational purposes in the state.
Among the public improvements at Un
ion especially worthy of mention is the
fine gravity water-worlts system. The
water for domestic use in the city is taken
from Catherine creek to a point about
two miles distant, and it Is led into the
city under a pressure of 110 feet. The lire
department is well organized, and, with
an abundance of water under a strong
head, the city has every protection against
aH "anger of a great conflagration,
' Daily stages leave Union for Medical
springs, banger and Cornucopia. Union
has direct connection with the depot of
the O. R. & N. Co. by the well-equipped
motor line of the Union Railway Com
pany. East of Union is a belt of as fine
timber as is found in any part of Eastern
Oregon. The management of the motor
line contemplates an extension of the line
to tap this rich belt of timber, which
would insure a most profitable traffic to
the road, and the construction of this ex
tension would be a most important factor
in the future prosperity of the city.
Union is one of the most important ship
ping points on the line of the O. R. & N.
Co. in Eastern Oregon. The shipments
from this point comprise livestock, wcol,
hay, grain and lumber. In time the mln-
will be of benefit not only to Union, but
to all of Eastern Oregon.
During the past few years experiments
have been made in Union county in the
production of sugar beets, and with ex
cellent results. This work has been done
under the direction of the Union Promot
ing Company. As a result of this experi
ment, a sugar-beet factory will be built
at Union during the present year by a
strong Chicago company. The factory
when completed will have a capacity for
handling 200 tons of beets a day. The con
struction will include the expenditure of
no less than half a million dollars. The
establishment of this induptry at Union
will support, directly and Indirectly, from
1500 to 2000 people. It will be built on a
site adjacent to the western limits of the
city.
At the last session of the state legisla
ture an act was passed providing for the
establishment of a branch insane asylum
! at some point in Eastern Oregon. The
appropriation made for this purpose was
5163.000. The act stipulated that the new
institution should be located at the most
desirable point in the eastern part of the
RPAM5 RvcNUE
Tfr W
buildings for the asylum will be erected
during the present year.
An Eastern company has recently pur
chased a site at Union on which a large
Jeamery and ohp; fnptnn.- tt-ni i imit
j In the spring. The Grand Ronde valley
Is essentially a dairying section in addi
tion to its other resources, and the loca
tion of a. creamery at Union will add both
1 prosPerit' of that city and of Uie
rich section of country adjacent.
In the vicinity of Union are a number
or hot mineral springs, which are today
attracting considerable attention. Two
miles west are the famous Craig springs,
vlsitea annually by hundreds of people.
Six miles to the northwest of Union is
the hot lake, a body of water which In
v.i.iiuu .puns 01 tne iai:e maintains a
temperature nearly at the boiling point.
The medical springs are 15 miles to the
soumeast.
Hot snrinsr?! htihhl nut nf ir
Jills in many places near Union, and th
waters of these springs are all valuable
for medicinal purposes.
The Union Land & Investment Company
has made especial efforts during the past
year to induce immigration to Union
county. They recently ran two special
excursion trains from South Dakota to
Union. From the work this companv is
now doing it is iXreeted that th niwn-r.-
Of the snrinsr trill nnln n lnMui lnnn I
in the number of people arriving in Union
with the view of taking up thetn homes
In the immediate vicinity. The large sums
to be spent at Union during the coming
year In the erection of the branch asylum,
sugar factory, creair.erv. elegant new brw
tel, and in the extension Of th TTnlnn
railway, insures the place a prosperity
OREGOX ROLLER
which will equal that of any interior point
on the coast.
Union county, of which Union is the
seat of justice, contains 1,955,000 acres of
land, of which about 1,500,000 acres are sur
veyed. The unsurveyed portions contain
rich mines, valuable timber resources and
vast ranges where cattle can graze nearly
throughout the entire year. The Grand
Ronde valley alone in this county con
tains 300,000 acres of as productive land as
any In the state. The principal water-
t courses of. the-, county are the Grand
Ronde. Pine, Eagle and Powder rivers, all
of which water valleys which are highly
productive. -
Among the rich mining districts directly
tributary to Union are those of Cornu
copia, Sparta, Sanger, Telocaset, and
Catherine creek. These districts are to
day but partially developed, but they con
tain some of the mest promising pros
pects In the state. These districts are all
reached from Union, and the trade from
u. irom
these mines principally
point.
comes to this
One of the best-known banks of Eastern
Oregon is located at Union. This Is the
well-known First National bank, estab
lished July 1, 1SS3, with a capital of $30,000.
The bank occupies its own building, and
?
' '. r'6.
UXIOX COUXTY
is under the direct management of Hon.
W. T. Wright, one of the ablest financiers
and best-known men of the state. The
bank has been one of the most important
factors in the growth of Union, and it has
added directly to the importance of the
tributary farming district.
A leading manufacturing industry at
Union is the fine roller-process flouring
mill conducted by Messrs. Wright & Davis
Brothers. This mill is run by water power
furnished by Catherine creek, and it is
one of the most complete flouring-mill
plants In the state. The flour turned out
by this mill not only enjoys a large local
sale but it also finds a market in distant
parts of the state and at outside points.
In addition to the plant known as the
Oregon roller mills is the Pioneer mill,
owned by Ed Kiddle. The capacity of each
of these plants is 100 barrels a day.
The leading mercantile houses of Union
aic conducted by Messrs. Wright &)hvis
Brothers, and Foster, Bridges & Co. The
stocks of merchandibe carried at Union
are large, and, with the various demands
of the trade which frequents this point,
these stocks are kept as complete as the
stocks of the largest stores of the more
important points In Eastern Oregon.
Two good papers are published at Union.
The leading paper here is the Eastern
Oregon Republican, published by the
Eastern Oregon Publishing Company. The
officers of this company are L. J. Davis,
president, and M. F. Davis, secretary.
This Is a semi-weekly publication. In ad
dition to the Republican, Union supports
a weekly paper called the Scout, which
enjoys a good circulation.
Suicide and Insurance.
Springfield Republican.
Clauses in life insurance policies pro
viding that the company shall not be
liable to payment In case of the policy
holder's suicide will not always avail, ac
cording tq, a decision just given by the
United States circuit court of appeals at
St. Louis. Dr. L. H. Robblns, of Lincoln,
Neb., held a policy for $3000 m the Trav
elers' Life Insurance Company of Hart
ford, and the policy provided that In case
of suicide, whether the victim was sane
or insane, the company would not be lia-
III: flHi Ifclt1
$ I iJJP
Tir-lil5P
ble for iha sum named. Dr. Robblns ac
cidently shot himself in the foot, the
wound brought on lockjaw, and In a
paroxysm of pain he cuts his throat and
died. The company contested payment
and the lower courts held that the acci
dent to the foot was the primary cause
of death, and the throat-cutting only an
Intervening- cause. This view is upheld
by the court of appeals.
GRANDE RONDE VALLEY.
The Most Fertile Part of Enstcra
Oregon The Cropa Produced.
HE garden spot of
Eastern Oregon is tho
Grand Ronde valley,
which lies east of the
Blue mountains, the
rcnge which divides
Eastern Oregon and a
part of Southwestern
Washington, extend3
north and south
through Eastern Ore
gon and a part of
Southwestern Wash
ington. The first town
of importance reached
by the line of the O.
R-. & N. Co.'s railroad.
after crossing this range on its extension
eastward, ls La Grande. This is at the edge
of the Grand Ronde valley which extends
away irom this point for a distance of
nlinnt ?: tttIIck.- If !c nVinii "!! mlloa tvlrla
I and comprised within its limits are about
STILLS, UXIOX.
300,000 acres of as rich farming land as is
found in any part of the coast.
Immigrants to Eastern Oregon are es
pecially Interested in the Grand Ronde
valley. In appearance It resembles In its
virgin state a well-kept park. In some
parts of the valley the soil is a bla.-k
loam many feet deep, while the soil of
other portions of the valley Is made up of
this same rich loam mixed with a very
productive volcanic ash. All over the val
ley water in abundance is fpund only a
few feet below the surface. Although the
rainfall of this part of Oregon is not
greater than it is in some of the arid belts
of Southern Idaho, yet crops have never
failed in the valley, and the farmers here
are not compelled to incur the heavy ex
pense of building ii ligation ditches, as
everything grown here attains its great
est perfection without the use of water for
irrigating purposes.
Grain Is the great staple crop of the
Grand Ronde vallev. Whfi.t hnro Mvoi
! ,.,,. ,.0ii p v.. T,..,.,f
acre, and yields have been recorded as
high as 0 bushels from a single acre of
ground. Some farmers here even claim
that the average yield of wheat on this
land will run no less than 33 bushels to the
acre. Barley yields 75 bushels to the acre,
Mil
Sill
(-. Crc "
COURTHOUSE. UXIOX.
and the price of 1 cent a. "pound usually re
ceived for this crop attests its high qual
ity. There is a good market for oats
raised in the valley during the years of
any activity in busiress, tills crop selling
for from 25 to 40 cents per bushel, and
the yield of oats to the acre runs about
70 bushels. Meadow land in the vallej,
which produces as high as !" to 5 tons of
timothy to the acre, has been seeded on
natural turf without the soil even being
stirred by a plow.
Enormous crop;, of vegetables arc raised
In the Grand Ronde valley, and they at
tain the dimensions of the prodigies in tl o
vegetable line displayed at the average
county fair. A yield of SO!) bushels of po
tatoes to the acre has been recorded in the
Grand Ronde valley, while a yield of VA
bushels Ik often gathered from a single
acre of ground.
As a fruit-producing section, Grand
Ronde valley is fast earning a reputation
as one of the most favored sections of th?
state. Prunes, plums, pears, peaches,
apricots and berries are varieties that do
especially well here. A single prune or
chard in the Grand Ronde valley yicldel
returns of over S700 an acre In 1S92. and
the yield of a single acre of prunes in
this section often sells for 550. The ap
ples for which Oregon received the first
prize at the world's fair in Chicago were
grown in the Grand Ronde valley.
The hills which encircle the valley of
the Grand Ronde are covered with bun-h
grass, and they afford fine graz.ag
grounds for cattle. The bunch-grass-fei
cattle of these ranges bring the hlgh'-t
prices in the Portland and Eastern mar
kets, and the mildness of the climate ena
bles stockmen of this part of the state to
keep stock on these ranges throughout the
3 ear, without other feed than the natural
bunch grass affords.
Advanced Staily.
Cambridge university has recently taken
up the question of degrees for advanced
study and research. The council of the
senate recommends the appointment of a
committee to confer with Oxford and
other universities to secure common ac
tion on the subject, and calls attention,
to the scheme for post-gra luate smdLS?
alrcadj in operation at Harvard.
f