Malheur enterprise., January 08, 1916, Page Page Six, Image 6

ALEXANDER
One Price Clothiers
Boys
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SALE different than any Clearance Sale we have ever
held Clean sweep of all this season's men's, young men's
and boys' clothing and furnishings at reduction that
means to you that you will buy for less than the merchant
can buy at wholesale prices.
Men's and Young Men's Suits
All new patterns and the latest styles in worsted, serges,
cheviots and tweeds. Color in blues, greys, browns and
fancy mixtures. ..All at the following remarkable clean
up reductions.
$15.00 values $ 9.75
$20.00 values 13.75
$25.00 and $30.00 values 17.85
CLEAN-UP OF OVERCOATS
Any Overcoat or Raincoat in the store values Ck HK
up to $20.00 for ?
MEN'S MACKINAW'S
Norfolk style and all this season's patterns, values $7.50, ? A pr
$8.50, $10.00, all go at the same price U.c"
Men's all wool knit sweaters, ruff neck and V shaped Q Qfb
collars, $6.00 values
$5.00 values 3.45
MEN'S HATS
All this season's styles $3.00 values 1 85
CLEAN-UP OF UNDERWEAR
Union and two piece garments 9 Qft
$4.00 values A.JJ
$3.00 values 2.15
$2.50 values ; 1.85
$1.25 values 85
BOYS' NORFOLK SUITS
Some with two pair pants 1-4 off regular selling price
Boys' knee pants up to age 18, 1-3 off regular selling price
Men's all wool flannel shirts $2.50 values 185
Eclipse Golf Shirts with soft and stiff cuffs, all new pat- 1 IfT
terns and all sizes, $2.00 and $1.50 values go at A.-LeJ
MACKINAW SHIRTS
$3.50 and $4.00 values 2.15
and Mothers !
Take Notice !
2 boys' overcoats regular $7.50 values at $5.00
Tliree lots boys' mackinaws priced regular at
$4.00, $5.00, $5.50 now at $3.00, $4.00 and $1.50
all sizes from 30 to 34. These are good values,
and all your gain
8 lots boys' suits, corduroy, navy blue, and dress
suits, good heavy ones. Sold regular at $5.00
now $3.00. All sizes from 7 to 15 years.
Freeman's Store
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MALHfeUR ENTERPRISE
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CO.
Vale, Oregon
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BIG BEND
a a : w. as w.
BIG BEND, Oreg., Jan. 3. Foster
mid Wilford Swigert nnd Lewis Tate
returned to Weiser Monday evening,
M
On Saturdays Only
The following prices will be made by the
Vale Meat Market :
M
M
M
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Meet Pot Roasts 12Vj
' Boiling Meat 10
' Bib Broils 8
' Hambrrg and Sausage 12J'j
g Side Pork -.15
Bacon .......10 up
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Best Sausage Market in the County. m
J. W.BLAYNEY 5
VALE MEAT MARKET
fill
to resume their school work after a
two weeks' visit at home.
Mr. and Mrs. Ray Cartwright spent
Xmas and last week with Mrs. Cart
wright's parents who reside in Wei-
r.
Mr. UnlrH. State Sunday School
Worker, was in Big Bend Saturday
and Sunday.
Miss Billeter. after recovering from
her illness, taught a few days between
Xmas and New Years.
A fine babv eirl arrived at the
home of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Miller,
January 3rd.
Mr. and Mrs. Darnall are enjoying
a visit from her sister Leona Wells,
who returned with them after they
had spent the holidays with their' par
ents at Fruitland.
The New Years dinner, given by
"The Ladies Circle," was well attend
ed, considering the snowy day. They
realized $17.25 which will go toward
the piano.
Henry Bullock is confined to his bed
with symptoms of typhoid fever.
Literary last Friday evening was
well attended. The program was
shorter than announced the previous
meeting owing to illness of some and
others took advantage of vacation and
snent Xmas and New Years out of
The Bend. The naming and spelling
the capitals of states was won by Miss
Irma Robertson.
Matrimony at Christmas Mr. Burt
Robertson and Miss Almeda McClure
of Notus, Idaho, and Mr. Gibson of
Weiser and Miss Anna Anderson
Best wishes are extended to the happy
couples.
Several of the residents of Big Bend
took advantage of the car of coal
that arrived at Adrian and laid in a
winter's sunnly of fuel.
Lewis Tate will soon be the proud
possessor of a $50 silver loving cup,
given as first prize of Eastern Ore
iron at the St. Paul National Corn
Show. This is the second prize Lewis
has won on his corn this year, taking
first prize at the Baldridge corn show
at Parma. Howard Hatch winning
third prize.
$ $ $ its as ::
W. SKULLSPRING
SKULLSPRING. Ore., Dec. 28.
Billy Taylor is driving the parcel
post wagon now.
G. A. Slayton and son are working
on the road to Mud Flat.
Emil Baker and family went to the
dance at Fangallona Christmas.
Sam Corliss went to Harper Tues
day.
Pinto Gould was up to the dance
at Fangollano Christmas night.
Mike Gallagher was at the dance
but he never had the Wampas Cat he
sent to Ireland for.
Henry Smith is staying with X. E.
Littlefield. He was looking for gold
and found a diamond. The value has
not yet been known.
Lee Gay is camped at the King
Brown cabin. He intends to trap
coyotes this winter.
Henry Slayton is working on the
road. He is proud of having a job
Santa Claus forgot to visit the
school house this year.
$ W. W. W. .
W. SUNRISE
m -MX...
The Xmas tree at Mooreville Sat'
urday night was a decided success.
The children rendered an enjoyable
program and everyone wished Xmas
entertainments came more often.
Carl Edgar is helping Joe Fine dig
his well deeper this wek.
E. T. Winans took Xmas dinner
with George Emmett and family.
Mr. and Mrs. S. H. Seaweard are
visiting in Harney Valley this week.
The school population of the neigh
borhood are enjoying a vacation this
week.
Miss Helen Davis, who has been
staying with her aunt in Steins moun
tain, is back again to keep house for
her Grandpa and attend school the
rest of the winter.
W. R. Gardner has finished his wood
cutting on the hill and he and Mrs.
Gardner are at home again.
1
Special
Sale!
IRRIGATION DISTRICT
(Continued from page 1.)
that all agencies for the purpose of
utilizing water are really, in a fun
damental sense, agencies "of the Gov
ernment, no matter how private the
corporation may assume to be in its
form.
In the arid belt of the 17 reclama
tion States, the timber and the mines,
all natural means of communication,
and the use of the water for power
development are of little importance,
even considered together, in compar
ison with the use of water in irriga
tion. Hence any means that will pro
perly safe-guard, widely develop, and
impartially control the use of water
for irrigation is a matter of the ut
most public concern.
Form of Organization Should be
Based upon the Public Nature
of the "Work.
This may seem almost trite, for I
am sure that almost, everyone here is
prepared to admit the public charact
er of irrigation, which has been rec
ognized in the constitutions and leg'
islation of almost all, if not all, of
our reclamation States, but I wish to
lead up to this suggestion, namely,
that work of so public and govern
mental a character would; in the na
ture of things, presumably best be
carried on under that form of organi
zation which recognizes, both funda
mentally and in detail, the public
character of the enterprise. Those
who would undertake the burdens of
a municipality would find organization
as a private corporation very ill
adapted to their purpose, and I sub
mit for consideration the thought that
the form of a private corporation .is
similarly ill-adapted, unless it be un
der exceptional circumstances, to the
public work of irrigation, as for the
public work of financing, construct
ing, and managing general municipal
enterprises. Why should not these
projects and systems be organized as
irrigation districts, under laws, not
merely recognizing but founded upon
the public character and importance
of the work?
The courts were in the habit of
saying that these districts were muni
cipal corporations, until, in Nebras
ka, they found the real distinction be
tween irrigation districts nnd muni
cipal corporations in the strict sense
of the latter term. Municipal corpor
ations are restricted as to the amount
of indebtedness which they are per
mitted to incur. Irrigation districts,
in the nature of things, are under the
necessity of incurring proportionate
ly far larger debts, and the courts
have accordingly come to refer to
them as public rather than as munici'
pal incorporations. The public char
acter of the district is inherent in the
statutes in theory and in detail and
upheld by the courts so as to be of
immense benefit to the water users in
every stage of development and every
part of the work.
There is hardly a problem of irriga
tion from whatever standpoint you
may adopt that is not intimately re
lated to the form of organization
adopted, and I think in practically ev
cry particular that form of organiza
tion is preferable which squares with
the public nature of the work in hand.
Advantages of District Organization,
What, then, are the advantages of
irrigation district organization? Let
us consider this matter in the normal
order of the development of an in
dividual district.
In Investigation.
Let us suppose, then, that we have
a project that we deem to be suscep
tible of irrigation. How shall we best
proceed in our plans? The first pro
blem is to raise money for a careful
and complete engineering investiga
tion; ascertain what the water supply
and the water rights are and the fea
sibility of the proposition as to cost
and agriculturally. This part of the
work is one in which we can not af
ford to be parsimonious, and yet most
irrigation enterprises investigate af
ter having raised a small amount of
money by some private means, the
burden falling upon but a small por
tion of those who are benefitted by
having the matter investigated.
At this stage of the proceedings
and before it is known whether thcro
is a feasible project or not, it is al
most impossible to obtain liens upon
the land by the execution of individual
contracts. Each owner waits for oth
ers to act and if a fair adjustment of
the cost of comprehensive investigar
tion is to be made it usually would
take years to secure the necessary
signers. An irrigation district, how
ever, can be organized by a vote of
such majority as the stntute may pre
scribe of the landowners who actually
vote at the election nnd bonds be au
thorized to the extent necessary for
an investigation. The failure to make
a full and complete investigation is
the rock upon which many a project
has foundered.
In Promotion.
Precisely similar advantages exist
in favor of the district as to means of
taking care of preliminary legal and
promotion costs. If the project is
found to bo infeasible it will, never
theless, pay its debts unless the land
prove not to be worth the compara
tively small cost of investigation. We
have in the State of Washington an
irrigation district, known as the Mid
dlo Kittitas district, which proved a
failure a number of years ago. No.
drop of water has ever been delivered
to the land by the district, and yet t
is still raying principal and interest
of such bonds as were actually sold.
This district has been several time
to tho supreme court of the State of
Washington, but the validity of the
lien upon the land has been upheld.
(Board of Directors Little Kittitas Ir
rigation District v. Peterson, 1 Wash.,
Saturday, January 6, l&id.
147; Witherop v. Brown, 19 Wash.,
383; Dyer v. Little Kittitas Irrigation
District, 40 Wash., 238.)
How to Avoid a Spotted Project.
Consider now that we have a pro
ject which has beer, carefully, inves
tigated and found to be feasible. What .
is the effect of the district "organizar-'
tion as contrasted with a. private cor
poration? The first advantage to ,bo
noted is that all the land is secured
and mortgaged at once, whereas un
der the plan of the private corpora '-
tion there is no hope for a number of
years of securing a project which- is ,. -
not "spotted." That-is to say, there
are. certain tracts of land which are .
not subscribed to the project and up
on which no lien has been secured. The
department required of .reclamation
projects, before authorizing tho worfc"
as a rule, the securing of 90-per-cent
of the total1" area, and , even' though
lartre nortions of the area were. fro--.. '"'
quently bound as public land, ln..soy- ...
eral instance that I know of, it tooK
many months, or even years',"-to bfn'd '
to the project as large an area as the,
percentage required! ,. , '
The remaining owners frequently
availed themselves of the water' u'p
ply only; after several years have pass-. ,
ed. Thi3 is detrimental-in Govern-', ---ment
work, but in ordinary private v.. -work
it is frequently disastrous, for
until these owners: voluntarily come in' ' "
their lands fail to. assist in furnishing'
security to the creditors of the enter
prise. Also- the canals and ditched
have to be constructed and maintain- ' '
ed at as great a cost as 'though theso
lands were contributing. These land-:
owners sometimes do not come into
the project at all, butv instead, pump' (
from the subsurface.' .water which "Js!"(. '
made available by the irrigation of .
surrounding lands, and in this way
actually obtain to" a Iprge extent the
benefits of the project without' contri-', '
buting to the cost. This, contrasts
notably with the irrigation district
plan which binds the land's of the op
position as firmly as-the lands of their
neighbors provided the statutory ma-
jority is secured.
Character of Bonded Security. " .
The' district will desire to dispose
of additional bonds on a market p'os-A "
sibly more distant than that which
was required for the raising of, money
for investigation. What security have
we to offer? Obviously we have the '
bonds of a public corporation and car- . .
rying all the prestige of public bonds;
The attorneys for the bond-buyers
need to examine the ' validity of 'the
proceedings, but they do not need to,.' .,
examine the title to. the land. .In this ...
respect the irrigation district is so far :
in advance of the private method of
financing that there is no .comparison.
The district offers .the- purchasers a
lien good against all lands' of tho' dis- '""
trict, including those in course' of set
tlement or- litigation. , . .
Furthermore, automatically this
lien takes precedence over mortgages-'---'
placed of record before the organiza-'""'
tion of the district upon the -same. .'
theory that ordinary taxes later as- '
scsscd will have preference. Another " '
important .consideration is ,that 'the' '
lands are all bound to the -limit'for.,,"
the debts of the district, so that the
creditors know that a failure of tho
value of occasional tracts will not '
bring about a loss to the extent, of
the failure; and, to-reiterate, .this Hen, ...
vastly .superior to that obtained by
contract, has been secured after a '--few
weeks' advertising instead of only
after a long and costly investigation
of the title to individual tracts, and
still more difficult and costly nego
tiations to bind the land against- all.
parties.
Another security in favor of.' "the
bond buyer is that a' decree hi con
firmation of the organization , of . the. '
district and the authorization of the ,
honds is obtained. This decree j is
granted after publication and wilthout- ?
personal service, and is binding 'upqV w
all landowners within the district awL
all persons of interest, including thev
State. (Progressive Irr.Dlst., V. An-1-'1'
derson, 114 Pac, Ida., 16.) tt hSs
been held by the California courts not'
to be subject to attack upon the . .
ground of fraud. (Fogg v. PerrisJ"
Irr. Dist., 97 Pac, 316.) "The coni''
firmation proceedings has been up-.'
held in all the State courts and adds -greatly
to the security not only
against loss but also, against the .like.;.."
lihood of litigation. . ' y .
The Land Brought Under Cultivation. .
Now, suppose' the prbject'has' been'' .
financed and constructed, What adyahf" '
tages have we over private, organiza-.''
tion? ' " . '.
In the first place, all lands are re
quired to pay the building and qp-
erntion charges as a matter of .tax
es and the land is simply sold if .-payments
are not met. This is an enor
mous advantage, for the .result is that'
the land goes under cultivation. Th6'
owners can not afford to have it lying
nonproductive, and everyone is far.bet-'
ter off in the long run. One of the''
vices of the Federal work is that b,o
much of the land on some .projects
has not been farmed and thexhargea-'.
have accumulated .immensely,' so' that
congressional relief was 'required. Th'e'
unimproved tracts are either a bur
den or4a menace from any standpoint
they may be viewed. - v.' .
Collections. '
Furthermore, in the manner of mak
ing collections for building and main
tenance there; is a vast improvement
under tho irrigation district plan.-Te
county machinery js invoked for putv'
poses of collection and the powors.of
the county (and thereby theSta.te)
can be'brought into play for.-the pur
pose. . j.
Them too, the attitude of the public,
is hotter. People arc in the 'habit of. .
paying their taxes promptly, ancTun.
derstanding that the law requires that
such payment shall be made, and that '
(Continued on page 2.)
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