THE WEST SHORE.
359
THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY.
AS in the ease of the first transcontinental road in the
ITnitnl Stntcs, this railway was doemoJ uo;Ooo4U j' a a
political measure, the Government oxjieeting tho bunion
of its coiiHtructioii mul operation to Ira a heavy ono for a
number of years, until such time an tho development of
the country through which it passed and the amount of
foreign trHllio it could secure would mnko it a paying
venturo commercially When Canmla confederated, in
IS! 17, the Dominion consisted of disconnected provinces,
extending from Lake Siixrior to the (lulf of St. Ijiw
reneo. The neeetwity for a closer Ixmd of union wan
urgent, and for thin reason thelutor-Coloniul railway wan
built from Quebeo eaHtward to tho ocean at St. John and
Halifax. Hum, with its brunches and the older line of
the Grand Trunk, and othertt in Quebec and Ontario,
knitted tho Dominion together in a close union and added
grunt strength to the government In 1870 Manitoba wns
admitted to the federation, and the year following llri
tish Columbia, lying on the Pacific Coast, and separated
from the remninder of the Domiuion by the Ilocky
Momituiiii) and a thmiHand miles of wilderness, joined
the union. The condition of affairs which had rendered
it necessary for the construction of the Inter-Colonial
rond wait now greatly iutoiiHitlcd. It was patent that
lliitiHh Columbia could never le a useful member of the
federation, nor could it derive any advantage from iU
connection therewith, until aouie means of rapid commu
nication and commercial interchange were provided. In
foct, one of the inducements for tho ndmissiou of that
province wait the ooiiHtructiou of audi a transportation
route. Such an undertaking was too gigantio for private
enterprise, since tho country through which the line
would pass inunt lie gradually dovelcixxl under the inllu
e i u:e of the railway before it could furnish local tralllr
for iU support Private capital could not alTord an in
vestment requiring so long a time to render it productive.
Itw.sagnat public necessity which only tho Govern
ment could accomplish, and with thin idea tho Domiuion
began iU construction. In 1H71 aurveying parties were
sent out to explore the oompiirativcly unknown region
through which, if poaMible, it idiould pass, and reort
upon tho most favorablu route. Over f:i,500,0()0 wnro ex
pended upon theso preliminary surveys. The location
of tho roud eaat of the Ilocky Mountain Ixiing much the
less (lifli.iult, the work of construction wim commenced on
the Eastern Section in 171, and 2!t miles oouiplebxl
and in eration in 18S0 ; but from the Ilocky Mouuttius
to the Pacific Coast no lost than eleven line, aggregat
ing upwards of 10,000 miles, were aurveyod laiforc
determining the best terminal point ami route thereto.
Tort Moody, at the he.id of Uurrard Inlet, waa finally
selected aa the mainland terminus, and Kicking Horse
Pom aa the route across tho Ibxtky Mountains. Ibtcently,
however, Vancouver, a new town to be built on Coal
Harbor, near the entrance to Uurrard Iulet, liaa been
chosen in place of Port Miwdy, and there the great ter
minal works of the company will be located.
Id 18S0 a ooulract aud agreement waa made between
the Domiuion and an incorporated company, known aa
the "Syndicate," tor the construction, operation and
oMiiuialtip of Urn Ciomdmu ThoiEm) Ikndway. Ey liis
terms of this agreement, that portion of the railway to be
constructed waa divided into three aectiona; the first,
extending from Calhmdcr Station, uear the oast end of
Lake Nipissiug, to a junction with tho Lako Superior
section then being built by the Government, waa called
the Eastern Section ; tho second, extending from Selkirk,
on the Red lliver, to Kamloopa, at the Fork of the
Thompson lliver, waa called the Central Section, and the
third, extending from Kamhxipa to Port Moody, at llur
rard Iulet, the Western Section. The company agreed
to lay out, construct aud equip, in running order, the
Eastern and Central Section by tho 1st day of May, 181)1.
Tho company also agreed to pity tho Government the
cost, according to oxistiug contract, for the 100 miles of
road then in course of construction from the city of Win
uiMg westward. The Government agreed to complete
that portion of the Western Section between Kamloopa
and Yale by June !I0, 18S5, and also between Yale and
Port Moody on or before the 1st day of May, 18111, and
tho L'tke Superior Section according to oontract. Pend
ing the completion of the Eastern and Central Sections,
the possession and right to work and run the several por
tions of the railway already constructed, or aa the aaint
should I mi completed, was given by the Government to
the company. Uxm the completion of the Eastern and
Central Sections the Government agreed to convey to the
company (exclusive of shipment) those portions of the
railway constructed, or to be constructed, by the Govern
ment, and upon completion of the remainder, to convey
tho aamo to the company, and the Canadian Pacillo Hail
way thereafter become the absolute proerty of the com
pany, which agreed to forever oflluiutly maintain, work
and run the aamo. The Government further agreed to
grant the company a subsidy iu money of 'J",(X)0,000,
and in laud of ttf.MIO.OOO acres. The Government also
granted to the company the lauds required for the road
led of the railway, and for iia stations, station grounds,
workshop dock ground, and water frontage, buildings,
yards, etc, and other appurtenances required for its con
venient and effectual construction aud (eratlon, ami
agreed to admit, free of duty, all material to be used iu
the original construction of the railway, including bridges,
and of a telegraph linn in connection therewith.
The company has the right to construct branch lines
from any point within the territory of tho Dominion, It
waa further agreed by the Dominion Parliament that for
the Mris of twenty years no railway should be con
structed south of the Canadian Pacific Ilailway, except
audi line as shall run southwest or to the westward of
southwest, nor to within fifteen miles of latitude 4'J de
grees, and that all stations and station grounds, work
ho, buildings, yards and other property, rolling stock
ami appurtenance required ami used for the construction
and working thereof, ami the capital stock of the com
pany should be forover free from taxation by the Domiu
ion, or by any province thereafter to be established, or